scholarly journals Effect of 12 Weeks Core Training on Core Muscle Performance in Rhythmic Gymnastics

Biology ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (11) ◽  
pp. 1210
Author(s):  
Paula Esteban-García ◽  
José Fernando Jiménez-Díaz ◽  
Javier Abián-Vicén ◽  
Alfredo Bravo-Sánchez ◽  
Jacobo Á. Rubio-Arias
Keyword(s):  
Body Composition ◽  
Lean Mass ◽  
Isometric Strength ◽  
Muscle Performance ◽  
Controlled Study ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Electromyographic Activity ◽  
Core Strength ◽  
Rhythmic Gymnastics ◽  
Core Training

Background: Rhythmic gymnastics performance is characterized by technical elements involving flexibility, aerobic capacity and strength. Increased core strength in rhythmic gymnastics could lead to improved sporting performance. Objective: The aim of this study was to analyze the effect of 12 weeks of core muscle training on core muscle performance in rhythmic gymnasts. Methods: A randomized controlled study involving 24 rhythmic gymnastics was conducted. Participants were randomly assigned to a control group (CG; n = 12; age 13.50 ± 3.17 years) or a training group (TG; n = 12; age 14.41 ± 2.35 years). Body composition, isometric strength of trunk, core endurance and core muscle electromyographic activity were measured (EMG) after 12 weeks of core training. Independent sample t-tests were carried out to compare baseline values between groups. A two-way repeated-measures analysis of variance (ANOVA) (time × group) was applied. Results: The TG improved body composition, trunk lean mass (mean differences MD = −0.31; p = 0.040), lean mass (MD = 0.43; p = 0.037) and bone mass (MD = −0.06; p < 0.001) after training. Core training increased isometric strength of trunk, flexion test (MD = −21.53; p = 0.019) and extension test (MD = 22.7; p = 0.049), as well as the prone bridge core endurance test (MD = −11.27; p = 0.040). The EMG values also increased in the TG in prone bridge for front trunk (MD = −58.58; p = 0.026). Conclusions: Core strength training leads to improvements in body composition, as well as improvements in trunk strength and increases in muscle electromyographic activity. These improvements could therefore improve performance during competitive rhythmic gymnastics exercises.

scholarly journals Is There Association between Vitamin D Concentrations and Body Mass Index Variation in Women Submitted to Y-Roux Surgery?

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-5
Author(s):  
Maria Tereza A. dos Santos ◽  
Fabiola Isabel Suano-Souza ◽  
Fernando Luiz Affonso Fonseca ◽  
Marise Lazaretti-Castro ◽  
Roseli Oselka Saccardo Sarni
Keyword(s):  
Bariatric Surgery ◽  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Vitamin D ◽  
Body Composition ◽  
Vitamin D Deficiency ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Activity Level ◽  
Controlled Study ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Index Variation

Objective. To evaluate vitamin D deficiency and body composition of women submitted to bariatric surgery and relate their body mass index variation after surgery to 25(OH)D concentrations. Method. A cross-sectional and controlled study was performed including 49 obese adult volunteer women, submitted to Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB group). Collected Data. Body mass index (BMI), self-declared ethnicity, economic condition, physical activity level, serum concentrations of 25-hydroxycholecalciferol (25(OH)D; radioimmunoassay), parathormone, and body composition by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (Hologic DXA-QDR-1000) were collected. Results. 25(OH)D deficiency was found in 27 (55.1%) and 8 (21.1%) in the RYGB and control groups (p=0.002). Secondary hyperparathyroidism was more frequent in the RYGB group compared to the control group (15 (30.6%) versus 1 (2.6%); p=0.001). There was no relation of the studied variables and body composition with 25(OH)D deficiency. 25(OH)D concentrations were correlated (r=−0.531; p<0.001) with BMI reduction, regardless of vitamin D supplementation. Conclusion. Women submitted to bariatric surgery (RYGB) around three years ago had higher BMI and vitamin D deficiency, along with hyperparathyroidism, compared to the control group. There was no association between variables related to body composition and 25(OH)D concentrations. On the other hand, vitamin concentrations correlated negatively to BMI variation after undergoing surgery.

scholarly journals Once-Weekly Whole-Body Electromyostimulation Increases Strength, Stability and Body Composition in Amateur Golfers. A Randomized Controlled Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (11) ◽  
pp. 5628
Author(s):  
Carina Zink-Rückel ◽  
Matthias Kohl ◽  
Sebastian Willert ◽  
Simon von Stengel ◽  
Wolfgang Kemmler
Keyword(s):  
Body Composition ◽  
Body Fat ◽  
Low Frequency ◽  
Fat Content ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Controlled Study ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Intention To Treat ◽  
Habitual Activity ◽  
Body Fat Content

Whole-body electromyostimulation (WB-EMS), an innovative training technology, is considered as a joint-friendly, highly customizable and particularly time-effective option for improving muscle strength and stability, body composition and pain relief. The aim of the present study was to determine the effect of 16 weeks of once-weekly WB-EMS on maximum isometric trunk (MITS), leg extensor strength (MILES), lean body mass (LBM) and body-fat content. A cohort of 54 male amateur golfers, 18 to 70 years old and largely representative for healthy adults, were randomly assigned to a WB-EMS (n = 27) or a control group (CG: n = 27). Bipolar low-frequency WB-EMS combined with low-intensity movements was conducted once per week for 20 min at the participants’ locations, while the CG maintained their habitual activity. The intention to treat analysis with multiple imputation was applied. After 16 weeks of once-weekly WB-EMS application with an attendance rate close to 100%, we observed significant WB-EMS effects on MITS (p < 0.001), MILES (p = 0.001), LBM (p = 0.034), but not body-fat content (p = 0.080) and low-back pain (LBP: p ≥ 0.078). In summary, the commercial setting of once-weekly WB-EMS application is effective to enhance stability, maximum strength, body composition and, to a lower extent, LBP in amateur golfers widely representative for a healthy male cohort.

scholarly journals Iron Deficiency and Neuroendocrine Regulators of Basal Metabolism, Body Composition and Energy Expenditure in Rats

Nutrients ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 631 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jorge Moreno-Fernandez ◽  
Javier Díaz-Castro ◽  
María Alférez ◽  
Inmaculada López-Aliaga
Keyword(s):  
Body Composition ◽  
Energy Expenditure ◽  
Body Fat ◽  
Lean Mass ◽  
Adrenocorticotropic Hormone ◽  
Iron Status ◽  
Basal Metabolism ◽  
Fe Deficiency ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Inverse Association

Although dietary iron is a determinant of iron status in animals, body fat mass has been reported to have an inverse association with iron status in human studies. The goal of this study was to determine the relationship between Fe homeostasis, body composition, energy expenditure and neuroendocrine regulators for severe Fe-deficiency anaemia. Forty male Wistar albino rats recently weaned were divided at random into two groups: the control group was fed the basal diet, AIN-93G diet (normal-Fe) and the anaemic group received a low-Fe diet for 40 days. Neuroendocrine parameters that regulate basal metabolism and appetite (thyroid hormones, ghrelin, glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP), glucagon, insulin, adrenocorticotropic hormone and corticosterone), body composition, respiratory volumes, energy expenditure, haematological and biochemical were assessed. Total body fat was lower, whereas lean mass, free and total water were higher in the anemic group. O2 consumption, CO2 production, energy expenditure (EE) and respiratory quotient (RQ) were lower in the Fe-deficient animals. Triiodothyronine and thyroxine hormones decreased, while thyroid-stimulating hormone increased in the anemic group. Circulating levels of ghrelin were lower in the anemic group, while GIP, glucagon, insulin, corticosterone and adrenocorticotropic hormone levels were higher. Fe-deficiency impairs weight gain in the rats, with marked reductions in lean mass and body fat, indicating lower energy stores.

Factors influencing body composition in persons with spinal cord injury: a cross-sectional study

2003 ◽  
Vol 95 (6) ◽  
pp. 2398-2407 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ann M. Spungen ◽  
Rodney H. Adkins ◽  
Charles A. Stewart ◽  
Jack Wang ◽  
Richard N. Pierson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Spinal Cord Injury ◽  
Body Composition ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Lean Mass ◽  
The Body ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Cord Injury ◽  
Total Body

To determine the body composition differences across age, 133 men with chronic spinal cord injury (SCI) (66 with tetraplegia, 67 with paraplegia) were compared with an age-, height-, and ethnicity-matched able-bodied male reference population ( n = 100) using two different dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry densitometers. The effects of duration of injury, level, and completeness of lesion were analyzed in the SCI population. Independent of age, total body and regional lean mass were lower and fat mass was higher in persons with SCI compared with controls. The SCI group was 13 ± 1% (means ± SE) fatter per unit of body mass index (kg/m2) compared with the control group ( P < 0.0001). Advancing age was strongly associated with less lean mass and greater adiposity in those with SCI, whereas it was mildly related in the controls. Total body and regional arm and trunk, but not leg, lean tissues were lower in subjects with SCI, across all ages, than in the controls. In summary, persons with SCI were fatter for any body mass index and demonstrated significantly less lean and more adipose tissues for any given age compared with controls.

scholarly journals The Effect of 12 Weeks of β-Hydroxy-β-Methyl-Butyrate Supplementation after Liver Transplantation: A Pilot Randomized Controlled Study

Nutrients ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (9) ◽  
pp. 2259 ◽  
Author(s):  
Barbara Lattanzi ◽  
Michela Giusto ◽  
Carlina Albanese ◽  
Gianluca Mennini ◽  
Daria D’Ambrosio ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Liver Transplant ◽  
Muscle Mass ◽  
Randomized Study ◽  
Muscle Performance ◽  
Controlled Study ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Skeletal Muscle Index ◽  
Methyl Butyrate ◽  
Male Patients

Sarcopenia is a frequent complication in liver transplant (LT) recipients. β-hydroxy-β-methyl-butyrate (HMB) has the potential to increase muscle-performance and tropism. Our study aims at evaluating the effect on muscle mass and functioning, and the safety of 12 weeks of HMB supplementation in patients after LT. This is a pilot, randomized study. Male patients undergoing LT were randomly assigned to the HMB or control group. A diet interview, anthropometry and body composition by dual energy X-ray absorptiometry (DEXA) were performed at enrollment (T0), after 12 weeks (T1) and after 12 months (T12). Twenty-two liver transplant male patients were enrolled in the study: 12 in the HMB group and 10 as the control group. At enrollment, demographic, clinical and nutritional data were similar. According to the appendicular skeletal muscle index, sarcopenia was present in 50% of patients. The appendix skeletal muscle mass index (ASMI) showed a significant increase at T1 and T12 in HMB patients, but not in controls. The mid-arm muscle-circumference and hand grip strength also increased at T1 and T12 versus T0 only in the HMB group. No side effects were reported in either group. The study showed a positive effect of HMB in the recovery of muscle mass and strength after LT. HMB supplement in patients after LT was safe and well tolerated.

Effects of local vibration and cervical stabilization exercises on balance, joint position sense, and isometric muscle performance in young adults: A randomized controlled study

2020 ◽  
Vol 28 (4) ◽  
pp. 401-414
Author(s):  
Ceyhun Turkmen ◽  
Nezire Kose ◽  
Sevil Bilgin ◽  
Hatice Cetin ◽  
Esra Dulger ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Neck Pain ◽  
Position Sense ◽  
Joint Position Sense ◽  
Muscle Performance ◽  
Cervical Disc ◽  
Controlled Study ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Joint Position ◽  
Local Vibration ◽  
Musculoskeletal Problems

BACKGROUND: Cervical stabilization exercises and local vibration may improve proprioception and balance and prevent musculoskeletal problems. OBJECTIVE: To compare the effects of local vibration and cervical stabilization exercises on balance, cervical joint position sense, and muscle performance in healthy participants. METHODS: Forty-eight healthy male participants without neck pain were included. The participants were randomly divided into three groups: a home exercise program lasting eight weeks to the cervical stabilization group; 60 s of vibration to the neck muscles of the local vibration group and a control group. Balance, joint position sense, and muscle performance were evaluated twice in all subjects, before and after the intervention. RESULTS: Joint position sense error values were decreased in both the local vibration and cervical stabilization groups. Balance was improved (p< 0.001) in the local vibration group while improvement in muscle performance parameters was only seen in the cervical stabilization group (p< 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: The methods used in the present study may be used for improving the proprioceptive and vestibular components of balance in individuals with musculoskeletal problems such as cervical disc herniation, cervical spondylosis, or neck pain. However, given the limitations, much more research is needed to firmly establish these recommendations.

scholarly journals Bone Mineral Density, TBS, and Body Composition Indexes in Ukrainian Men with Parkinson’s Disease

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vladyslav Povoroznyuk ◽  
Maryna Bystrytska ◽  
Nataliia Grygorieva ◽  
Iryna Karaban ◽  
Nina Karasevich
Keyword(s):  
Bone Mineral Density ◽  
Body Composition ◽  
Lumbar Spine ◽  
Femoral Neck ◽  
Bone Mineral ◽  
Fat Mass ◽  
Lean Mass ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Mineral Density ◽  
Total Body

Introduction. Current research studies demonstrate the changes of bone mineral density (BMD) in subjects with Parkinson’s disease (PD); however, data about bone quality and body composition (BC) indexes are insufficient. The aim of the study was to assess the parameters of BMD, ВС, and trabecular bone score (TBS) in PD males. Materials and Methods. We performed a cross-sectional case-control research design and examined 76 males aged 50–77 years old, who were divided into two groups: first group including men without PD n=38 and the second group including subjects with PD n=38. Disease duration was at least 5 years; all PD participants were at levodopa therapy. BMD of lumbar spine, femoral neck, total femur, radius, and total body and TBS Ll−L4 were measured using the DXA method. Whole-body DXA measures were also used for the study of total, lean, and fat masses, skeletal muscle index (SMI), appendicular lean mass index (ALMI), and fat mass index (FMI). Results. Our study showed an increased incidence of osteoporosis and significantly lower total body BMD (respectively, 1.20 ± 0.13 and 1.26 ± 0.10 g/cm2, p=0.05), but not lumbar spine and femoral neck BMDs, and higher TBS value in PD men comparing to the control group (respectively, 1.33 ± 0.12 and 1.22 ± 0.18 un., p=0.005). Also, we established significantly decreased lower extremities BMD indexes, but not upper extremities, spine, and trunk BMDs in PD males. The femoral neck, proximal femur, and lower extremities BMD indexes in PD men were reliably lower at the side of predominance of clinical symptoms. Parameters of appendicular lean mass and ALMI in PD males were reliably higher, but fat mass values and FMI were lower compared to the control group in the absence of significant differences in lean mass values and SMI in weight-matched control. Conclusion. Due to low BMD values, changes in BC are present in PD males, and appropriate screening and preventive strategies should be instigated to maintain bone health in PD subjects.

FEATURES OF BODY COMPOSITION AND BASAL METABOLIC RATE IN ADOLESCENTS WITH MORBID OBESITY

2021 ◽  
Vol 100 (4) ◽  
pp. 216-221
Author(s):  
P.L. Okorokov ◽  
◽  
O.V. Vasyukova ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Morbid Obesity ◽  
Body Composition ◽  
Metabolic Rate ◽  
Lean Mass ◽  
Basal Metabolic Rate ◽  
Severe Obesity ◽  
Study Groups ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Open Label

Objective of the study: to compare the values of basal metabolic rate and body composition in children with morbid and non-morbid obesity. Materials and methods of research: 87 adolescents with constitutionally exogenous obesity (CEO) were included in a prospective open-label observational single-center selective non-randomized uncontrolled study. The participants were divided into 2 groups: 43 with morbid obesity – mean age 15,7 years [14,9; 16,9], 20 boys (46%) and 23 girls (54%) and 44 with non-morbid obesity – the control group, mean age 15,3 years [10,1; 15,6], 19 boys (43%) and 25 girls (57%). All children underwent an assessment of body composition and basal metabolic rate. Results: adolescents with morbid obesity showed a statistically significantly greater amount of adipose tissue (51,5% [48,3; 56,2] vs 39,5% [35,4; 42,8], p<0,0001) and lean mass (65,8% [56,3; 72,3] vs 51,0% [45,2; 59,8], p<0,0001) compared with the group of non-morbid obesity. When assessing the amount of skeletal muscles, an increase in its absolute values was demonstrated in adolescents with severe obesity compared to the control group. The percentage of skeletal muscle mass in lean mass with severe obesity was statistically significantly higher compared to the group of non-morbid obesity (50,4% [45,1; 53,6] vs 41,8% [40,8; 43,3], p<0,0001). There was a statistically significant increase in basal metabolic rate in the group of morbid obesity compared with the group of non-morbid obesity (2489 [2313; 2802] and 1829 [1525; 2117] kcal/day, respectively, p<0,0001). These differences between the study groups persisted after the introduction of lean mass correction. Conclusion: the development of morbid obesity in adolescents is accompanied by an increase in basal metabolism, an increase in the amount of fat and lean mass. The increase in lean mass occurs mainly due to an increase in skeletal muscle.

scholarly journals The Relationship between Body Composition and a Gluten Free Diet in Children with Celiac Disease

Nutrients ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (11) ◽  
pp. 1817 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paweł Więch ◽  
Zdzisława Chmiel ◽  
Dariusz Bazaliński ◽  
Izabela Sałacińska ◽  
Anna Bartosiewicz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Composition ◽  
Celiac Disease ◽  
The Body ◽  
Gluten Free Diet ◽  
Controlled Study ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Healthy Children ◽  
Gluten Free ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
The Impact

The primary and proven therapy, in cases of celiac disease (CD), is a rigorous gluten-free diet (GFD). However, there are reports of its negative effects in the form of nutritional deficiencies, obesity, and adverse changes in body composition. The study aimed to assess the impact of a GFD on the body composition of children with CD. In a case-controlled study (n = 41; mean age 10.81 y; SD = 3.96) children with CD, in various stages of treatment, underwent medical assessment. The control group consisted of healthy children and adolescents, strictly matched for gender and age in a 1:1 case-control manner. More than half of the examined children (n = 26) followed a GFD. CD children had significantly higher mean values of the fat free mass (FFM% = 80.68 vs. 76.66, p = 0.015), and total body water (TBW% = 65.22 vs. 60.47, p = 0.012), and lower mean values of the fat mass (FM% = 19.32 vs. 23.34, p = 0.015). Children who were on a GFD presented slightly higher, but not statistically significant, mean values of FM and FFM, than children who did not follow dietary recommendations (FM [kg] = 7.48 vs. 5.24, p = 0.064; FM% = 20.81 vs. 16.73, p = 0.087; FFM [kg] = 28.19 vs. 22.62, p = 0.110). After minimum one year of a GFD, CD children showed significantly higher values of FFM [kg] (p = 0.001), muscle mass (MM) [kg] (p < 0.001), TBW [L] (p < 0.001) and body cell mass (BCM) [kg] (p < 0.001). Furthermore, CD children who were on a GFD presented a significantly higher increase in weight (p = 0.034) and body mass index (BMI) (p = 0.021). The children adhering to a GFD demonstrate a tendency towards higher indices of selected body composition components.

scholarly journals Utilisation of supplemented l-carnitine for fuel efficiency, as an antioxidant, and for muscle recovery in Labrador retrievers

2017 ◽  
Vol 6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jessica L. Varney ◽  
J. W. Fowler ◽  
W. C. Gilbert ◽  
C. N. Coon
Keyword(s):  
Body Composition ◽  
Lean Mass ◽  
Fuel Efficiency ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Blood Collection ◽  
Thiobarbituric Acid Reactive Substance ◽  
Muscle Recovery ◽  
Tissue Mass ◽  
Activity Intensity ◽  
Labrador Retrievers

AbstractThe primary goal was to investigate the effects of l-carnitine on fuel efficiency, as an antioxidant, and for muscle recovery in Labrador retrievers. Dogs were split into two groups, with one group being supplemented with 250 mg/d of Carniking™ l-carnitine powder. Two experiments (Expt 1 and Expt 2) were performed over a 2-year period which included running programmes, activity monitoring, body composition scans and evaluation of recovery using biomarkers. Each experiment differed slightly in dog number and design: fifty-six v. forty dogs; one endurance and two sprint runs per week v. two endurance runs; and differing blood collection time points. All dogs were fed a low-carnitine diet in which a fixed amount was offered based on maintaining the minimum starting weight. Results from Expt 1 found that the carnitine dogs produced approximately 4000 more activity points per km compared with the control group during sprint (P = 0·052) and endurance runs (P = 0·0001). Male carnitine dogs produced half the creatine phosphokinase (CPK) following exercise compared with male control dogs (P = 0·05). Carnitine dogs had lower myoglobin at 6·69 ng/ml following intensive exercise compared with controls at 24·02 ng/ml (P = 0·0295). Total antioxidant capacity (TAC) and thiobarbituric acid reactive substance (TBARS) results were not considered significant. In Expt 2, body composition scans indicated that the carnitine group gained more total tissue mass while controls lost tissue mass (P = 0·0006) and also gained lean mass while the control group lost lean mass (P < 0·0001). Carnitine dogs had lower CPK secretion at 23·06 v. control at 28·37 mU/ml 24 h after post-run (P = 0·003). Myoglobin levels were lower in carnitine v. control dogs both 1 h post-run (P = 0·0157; 23·83 v. 37·91 ng/ml) and 24 h post-run (P = 0·0189; 6·25 v.13·5 ng/ml). TAC indicated more antioxidant activity in carnitine dogs at 0·16 mmv. control at 0·13 mm (P = 0·0496). TBARS were also significantly lower in carnitine dogs both pre-run (P = 0·0013; 15·36 v. 23·42 µm) and 1 h post-run (P = 0·056; 16·45 v. 20·65 µm). Supplementing l-carnitine in the form of Carniking™ had positive benefits in Labrador retrievers for activity intensity, body composition, muscle recovery and oxidative capacity.

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