scholarly journals Tumor-Released Products Promote Bone Marrow-Derived Macrophage Survival and Proliferation

Biomedicines ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (10) ◽  
pp. 1387
Author(s):  
Juliana Maria Motta ◽  
Vivian Mary Rumjanek ◽  
Alberto Mantovani ◽  
Massimo Locati
Keyword(s):  
Bone Marrow ◽  
Macrophage Polarization ◽  
Conditioned Media ◽  
Macrophage Differentiation ◽  
Low Concentrations ◽  
Bone Marrow Precursor ◽  
Macrophage Colony Stimulating Factor ◽  
Macrophage Colony ◽  
In Vitro Data

Macrophages play a central role within the tumor microenvironment, with relevant implications for tumor progression. The modulation of their phenotype is one of the mechanisms used by tumors to escape from effective immune responses. This study was designed to analyze the influence of soluble products released by tumors, here represented by the tumor-conditioned media of two tumor cell lines (3LL from Lewis lung carcinoma and MN/MCA from fibrosarcoma), on murine macrophage differentiation and polarization in vitro. Data revealed that tumor-conditioned media stimulated macrophage differentiation but influenced the expression levels of macrophage polarization markers, cytokine production, and microRNAs of relevance for macrophage biology. Interestingly, tumor-derived soluble products supported the survival and proliferation rate of bone marrow precursor cells, an effect observed even with mature macrophages in the presence of M2 but not M1 inducers. Despite presenting low concentrations of macrophage colony-stimulating factor (M-CSF), tumor-conditioned media alone also supported the proliferation of cells to a similar extent as exogenous M-CSF. This effect was only evident in cells positive for the expression of the M-CSF receptor (CD115) and occurred preferentially within the CD16+ subset. Blocking CD115 partially reversed the effect on proliferation. These results suggest that tumors release soluble products that not only promote macrophage development from bone marrow precursors but also stimulate the proliferation of cells with specific phenotypes that could support protumoral functions.

scholarly journals Vascular Smooth Muscle Cell–Derived Transforming Growth Factor-β Promotes Maturation of Activated, Neointima Lesion–Like Macrophages

2014 ◽  
Vol 34 (4) ◽  
pp. 877-886 ◽  
Author(s):  
Allison Ostriker ◽  
Henrick N. Horita ◽  
Joanna Poczobutt ◽  
Mary C.M. Weiser-Evans ◽  
Raphael A. Nemenoff
Keyword(s):  
Smooth Muscle ◽  
Growth Factor ◽  
Macrophage Activation ◽  
Transforming Growth Factor ◽  
Conditioned Media ◽  
Colony Stimulating Factor ◽  
Macrophage Colony Stimulating Factor ◽  
Macrophage Colony ◽  
Stimulating Factor

Objective— To define the contribution of vascular smooth muscle cell (SMC)–derived factors to macrophage phenotypic modulation in the setting of vascular injury. Approach and Results— By flow cytometry, macrophages (M4) were the predominant myeloid cell type recruited to wire-injured femoral arteries, in mouse, compared with neutrophils or eosinophils. Recruited macrophages from injured vessels exhibited a distinct expression profile relative to circulating mononuclear cells (peripheral blood monocytes; increased: interleukin-6, interleukin-10, interleukin-12b, CC chemokine receptor [CCR]3, CCR7, tumor necrosis factor-α, inducible nitric oxide synthase, arginase 1; decreased: interleukin-12a, matrix metalloproteinase [MMP]9). This phenotype was recapitulated in vitro by maturing rat bone marrow cells in the presence of macrophage-colony stimulating factor and 20% conditioned media from cultured rat SMC (sMφ) compared with maturation in macrophage-colony stimulating factor alone (M0). Recombinant transforming growth factor (TGF)-β1 recapitulated the effect of SMC conditioned media. Macrophage maturation studies performed in the presence of a pan-TGF-β neutralizing antibody, a TGF-β receptor inhibitor, or conditioned media from TGF-β–depleted SMCs confirmed that the SMC-derived factor responsible for macrophage activation was TGF-β. Finally, the effect of SMC-mediated macrophage activation on SMC biology was assessed. SMCs cocultured with sMφ exhibited increased rates of proliferation relative to SMCs cultured alone or with M0 macrophages. Conclusions— SMC-derived TGF-β modulates the phenotype of maturing macrophages in vitro, recapitulating the phenotype found in vascular lesions in vivo. SMC-modulated macrophages induce SMC activation to a greater extent than control macrophages.

scholarly journals Human macrophage colony-stimulating factor induces macrophage colonies after L-phenylalanine methylester treatment of human marrow

Blood ◽  
1990 ◽  
Vol 76 (9) ◽  
pp. 1783-1787 ◽  
Author(s):  
CS Rosenfeld ◽  
C Evans ◽  
RK Shadduck
Keyword(s):  
Bone Marrow ◽  
Conditioned Media ◽  
Human Bone ◽  
Human Bone Marrow ◽  
Human Macrophage ◽  
Colony Stimulating Factor ◽  
Colony Stimulating Activity ◽  
Macrophage Colony Stimulating Factor ◽  
Macrophage Colony ◽  
Stimulating Factor

Abstract Macrophage-colony stimulating factor (M-CSF) has well-known effects on murine bone marrow, but its colony stimulating activity for human bone marrow is controversial. After treatment of human bone marrow with L- phenylalanine methylester (PME), macrophage-colonies (CFU-M) were induced by M-CSF in a dose-dependent fashion. The optimal concentration of recombinant human-macrophage colony stimulating factor (rhM-CSF) was 1,000 U/mL. Purified human urine M-CSF had colony stimulating activity similar to rhM-CSF. Further studies were performed to determine the factors responsible for the enhanced CFU-M formation from PME treated marrow. Compared with nylon wool and carbonyl iron monocyte depletion methods, PME eliminated significantly more monocytes and myeloid cells. This observation suggested that these cells may release hematopoietic inhibitory factors for CFU-M. Low concentrations (1%) but not normal (10%) concentrations of blood monocytes were inhibitory (mean inhibition, 48%) to CFU-M. High concentrations of monocytes (50%) augmented CFU-M colonies. HL-60 conditioned media was used to simulate secretory products of early myeloid cells. HL-60 conditioned media (1%) inhibited CFU-M formation but not granulocyte macrophage or granulocyte colonies. We conclude that M-CSF has colony stimulating activity for human marrow that can be recognized after removal of inhibitory cells by PME treatment.

scholarly journals Enhancing and suppressing effects of recombinant murine macrophage inflammatory proteins on colony formation in vitro by bone marrow myeloid progenitor cells

Blood ◽  
1990 ◽  
Vol 76 (6) ◽  
pp. 1110-1116 ◽  
Author(s):  
HE Broxmeyer ◽  
B Sherry ◽  
L Lu ◽  
S Cooper ◽  
KO Oh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bone Marrow ◽  
Colony Formation ◽  
Pokeweed Mitogen ◽  
Myeloid Progenitor ◽  
Hla Dr ◽  
Myeloid Progenitor Cells ◽  
Macrophage Colony Stimulating Factor ◽  
Inflammatory Proteins ◽  
Macrophage Colony

Abstract Purified recombinant (r) macrophage inflammatory proteins (MIPs) 1 alpha, 1 beta, and 2 were assessed for effects on murine (mu) and human (hu) marrow colony-forming unit-granulocyte-macrophage (CFU-GM) and burst-forming unit-erythroid (BFU-E) colonies. Recombinant MIP-1 alpha, -1 beta, and -2 enhanced muCFU-GM colonies above that stimulated with 10 to 100 U natural mu macrophage-colony-stimulating factor (M-CSF) or rmuGM-CSF, with enhancement seen on huCFU-GM colony formation stimulated with suboptimal rhuM-CSF or rhuGM-CSF; effects were neutralized by respective MIP-specific antibodies. Macrophage inflammatory proteins had no effects on mu or huBFU-E colonies stimulated with erythropoietin (Epo). However, natural MIP-1 and rMIP-1 alpha, but not rMIP-1 beta or -2, suppressed muCFU-GM stimulated with pokeweed mitogen spleen-conditioned medium (PWMSCM), huCFU-GM stimulated with optimal rhuGM-CSF plus rhu interleukin-3 (IL-3), muBFU- E and multipotential progenitors (CFU-GEMM) stimulated with Epo plus PWMSCM, and huBFU-E and CFU-GEMM stimulated with Epo plus rhuIL-3 or rhuGM-CSF. The suppressive effects of natural MIP-1 and rMIP-1 alpha were also apparent on a population of BFU-E, CFU-GEMM, and CFU-GM present in cell-sorted fractions of human bone marrow (CD34 HLA-DR+) highly enriched for progenitors with cloning efficiencies of 42% to 75%. These results, along with our previous studies, suggest that MIP-1 alpha, -1 beta, and -2 may have direct myelopoietic enhancing activity for mature progenitors, while MIP-1 alpha may have direct suppressing activity for more immature progenitors.

scholarly journals The Alternative Faces of Macrophage Generate Osteoclasts

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. Lampiasi ◽  
R. Russo ◽  
F. Zito
Keyword(s):  
Macrophage Polarization ◽  
Giant Cells ◽  
Gm Csf ◽  
Receptor Activator ◽  
Inflammatory Stimuli ◽  
Macrophage Colony Stimulating Factor ◽  
Macrophage Colony ◽  
Alternatively Activated

The understanding of how osteoclasts are generated and whether they can be altered by inflammatory stimuli is a topic of particular interest for osteoclastogenesis. It is known that the monocyte/macrophage lineage gives rise to osteoclasts (OCs) by the action of macrophage colony stimulating factor (M-CSF) and receptor activator of nuclear factor-kB ligand (RANKL), which induce cell differentiation through their receptors, c-fms and RANK, respectively. The multinucleated giant cells (MGCs) generated by the engagement of RANK/RANKL are typical OCs. Nevertheless, very few studies have addressed the question of which subset of macrophages generates OCs. Indeed, two main subsets of macrophages are postulated, the inflammatory or classically activated type (M1) and the anti-inflammatory or alternatively activated type (M2). It has been proposed that macrophages can be polarizedin vitrotowards a predominantly M1 or M2 phenotype with the addition of granulocyte macrophage- (GM-) CSF or M-CSF, respectively. Various inflammatory stimuli known to induce macrophage polarization, such as LPS or TNF-α, can alter the type of MGC obtained from RANKL-induced differentiation. This review aims to highlight the role of immune-related stimuli and factors in inducing macrophages towards the osteoclastogenesis choice.

scholarly journals Interleukin-33, a Target of Parathyroid Hormone and Oncostatin M, Increases Osteoblastic Matrix Mineral Deposition and Inhibits Osteoclast Formation in Vitro

Endocrinology ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 152 (5) ◽  
pp. 1911-1922 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hasnawati Saleh ◽  
Damien Eeles ◽  
Jason M. Hodge ◽  
Geoffrey C. Nicholson ◽  
Ran Gu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bone Marrow ◽  
Mrna Expression ◽  
Osteoclast Formation ◽  
Oncostatin M ◽  
Colony Stimulating Factor ◽  
Mineral Deposition ◽  
Macrophage Colony Stimulating Factor ◽  
Macrophage Colony ◽  
Stimulating Factor

IL-33 is an important inflammatory mediator in allergy, asthma, and joint inflammation, acting via its receptor, ST2L, to elicit Th2 cell cytokine secretion. IL-33 is related to IL-1 and IL-18, which both influence bone metabolism, IL-18 in particular inhibiting osteoclast formation and contributing to PTH bone anabolic actions. We found IL-33 immunostaining in osteoblasts in mouse bone and IL-33 mRNA expression in cultured calvarial osteoblasts, which was elevated by treatment with the bone anabolic factors oncostatin M and PTH. IL-33 treatment strongly inhibited osteoclast formation in bone marrow and spleen cell cultures but had no effect on osteoclast formation in receptor activator of nuclear factor-κB ligand/macrophage colony-stimulating factor-treated bone marrow macrophage (BMM) or RAW264.7 cultures, suggesting a lack of direct action on immature osteoclast progenitors. However, osteoclast formation from BMM was inhibited by IL-33 in the presence of osteoblasts, T cells, or mature macrophages, suggesting these cell types may mediate some actions of IL-33. In bone marrow cultures, IL-33 induced mRNA expression of granulocyte macrophage colony-stimulating factor, IL-4, IL-13, and IL-10; osteoclast inhibitory actions of IL-33 were rescued only by combined antibody ablation of these factors. In contrast to osteoclasts, IL-33 promoted matrix mineral deposition by long-term ascorbate treated primary osteoblasts and reduced sclerostin mRNA levels in such cultures after 6 and 24 h of treatment; sclerostin mRNA was also suppressed in IL-33-treated calvarial organ cultures. In summary, IL-33 stimulates osteoblastic function in vitro but inhibits osteoclast formation through at least three separate mechanisms. Autocrine and paracrine actions of osteoblast IL-33 may thus influence bone metabolism.

scholarly journals Recombinant human macrophage colony-stimulating factor (M-CSF) requires subliminal concentrations of granulocyte/macrophage (GM)-CSF for optimal stimulation of human macrophage colony formation in vitro.

1987 ◽  
Vol 166 (6) ◽  
pp. 1851-1860 ◽  
Author(s):  
D Caracciolo ◽  
N Shirsat ◽  
G G Wong ◽  
B Lange ◽  
S Clark ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bone Marrow ◽  
Colony Formation ◽  
Human Macrophage ◽  
Colony Stimulating Factor ◽  
Colony Assay ◽  
Gm Csf ◽  
Macrophage Colony Stimulating Factor ◽  
Macrophage Colony ◽  
Stimulating Factor

Human macrophage colony-stimulating factor (M-CSF or CSF-1), either in purified or in recombinant form, is able to generate macrophagic colonies in a murine bone marrow colony assay, but only stimulates small macrophagic colonies of 40-50 cells in a human bone marrow colony assay. We report here that recombinant human granulocytic/macrophage colony stimulating factor (rhGM-CSF) at concentrations in the range of picograms enhances the responsiveness of bone marrow progenitors to M-CSF activity, resulting in an increased number of macrophagic colonies of up to 300 cells. Polyclonal antiserum against M-CSF did not alter colony formation of bone marrow progenitors incubated with GM-CSF at optimal concentration (1-10 ng/ml) for these in vitro assays. Thus, GM-CSF at higher concentrations (nanogram range) can by itself, elicit macrophagic colonies, and at lower concentrations (picogram range) acts to enhance the responsiveness of these progenitors to M-CSF.

scholarly journals In vivo stimulation of megakaryocytopoiesis by recombinant murine granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor

Blood ◽  
1990 ◽  
Vol 76 (8) ◽  
pp. 1473-1480
Author(s):  
AM Vannucchi ◽  
A Grossi ◽  
D Rafanelli ◽  
PR Ferrini
Keyword(s):  
Bone Marrow ◽  
Blood Platelets ◽  
Colony Stimulating Factor ◽  
Platelet Production ◽  
Macrophage Colony Stimulating Factor ◽  
Macrophage Colony ◽  
Stimulating Factor ◽  
Stimulation Of

Murine recombinant granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (rGM-CSF) was injected in mice, and the effects on bone marrow, splenic megakaryocytes, megakaryocyte precursors (megakaryocyte colony-forming units [CFU-Meg]) were evaluated. In mice injected three times a day for 6 days with 12,000 to 120,000 U rGM-CSF, no significant modification of both platelet levels and mean platelet volume was observed, while there was a twofold increase in blood neutrophils. However, the rate of platelet production, as assessed by the measurement of 75selenomethionine incorporation into blood platelets, was On the contrary, administration of up to 384,000 U rGM-CSF two times a day for 2 days, as for a typical “thrombopoietin assay,” failed to modify platelet production. A significant dose-related increase in the number of splenic megakaryocytes occurred in mice receiving 60,000 to 120,000 U rGM-CSF, while a slight increase in the number of bone marrow megakaryocytes was observed in mice injected with 120,000 U rGM-CSF. The proportion of bone marrow megakaryocytes with a size less than 18 microns and greater than 35 microns resulted significantly higher in mice receiving rGM-CSF in comparison with controls; an increase in the percentage of splenic megakaryocytes greater than 35 microns was also observed. A statistically significant increase in the total spleen content of CFU-Meg was observed after administration of 90,000 and 120,000 U rGM-CSF three times a day for 6 days, while no effect on bone marrow CFU-Meg was recorded, irrespective of the dose delivered. Finally, 24 hours after a single intravenous injection of rGM-CSF, there was a significant increase in the proportion of CFU-Meg in S- phase, with the splenic progenitors being more sensitive than bone marrow-derived CFU-Meg. These data indicate that rGM-CSF has in vivo megakaryocyte stimulatory activity, and are consistent with previous in vitro observations. However, an effective stimulation of megakaryocytopoiesis in vivo, bringing about an increase in the levels of blood platelets, may require interaction of rGM-CSF with other cytokines.

scholarly journals Secretion of interleukin-1 by acute myeloblastic leukemia cells in vitro induces endothelial cells to secrete colony stimulating factors

Blood ◽  
1987 ◽  
Vol 70 (4) ◽  
pp. 1218-1221 ◽  
Author(s):  
JD Griffin ◽  
A Rambaldi ◽  
E Vellenga ◽  
DC Young ◽  
D Ostapovicz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Endothelial Cells ◽  
Stromal Cells ◽  
Interleukin 1 ◽  
Constitutive Expression ◽  
Conditioned Media ◽  
Acute Myeloblastic Leukemia ◽  
Gm Csf ◽  
Macrophage Colony Stimulating Factor ◽  
Macrophage Colony

The interaction of acute myeloblastic leukemia (AML) cells with stromal cells was investigated by adding AML-conditioned media to cultures of human endothelial cells. This conditioned media contained factors that induced expression of both the granulocyte macrophage colony- stimulating factor (GM-CSF) and granulocyte CSF (G-CSF) genes and release of colony stimulating activity from endothelial cells. The conditioned media contained interleukin-1 (IL-1) bioactivity and the endothelial cell stimulatory activity was partially neutralized by anti- IL-1 antiserum. Constitutive expression of the IL-1-beta gene was detected in ten of 17 AML cases analyzed. These results suggest that the unregulated secretion of IL-1 by AML cells can induce stromal cells in vitro to overproduce CSFs. This could contribute to the unrestricted growth of AML cells.

scholarly journals Demonstration of a blood-bone marrow barrier to macrophage colony- stimulating factor

Blood ◽  
1989 ◽  
Vol 73 (1) ◽  
pp. 68-73 ◽  
Author(s):  
RK Shadduck ◽  
A Waheed ◽  
EJ Wing
Keyword(s):  
Bone Marrow ◽  
Hematopoietic Cells ◽  
Serum Levels ◽  
Colony Stimulating Factor ◽  
Apparent Lack ◽  
Macrophage Colony Stimulating Factor ◽  
Macrophage Colony ◽  
Stimulating Factor

Abstract Several previous studies suggested that murine macrophage colony- stimulating factor (CSF-1) might have impaired access to hematopoietic cells in the marrow. The apparent lack of hematopoietic responses to exogenous CSF and the finding of available or unoccupied CSF receptors despite saturating CSF levels in the serum led to studies of a potential blood-bone marrow barrier for this factor. Groups of mice were injected with pure unlabeled CSF-1 by either intravenous (IV) or intraperitoneal (IP) routes. Marrow and spleen cells were obtained at intervals after injection, held at 0 degree C, and assessed for changes in binding of 125I-CSF. Saturation of all available CSF receptors is achieved in vitro with 100 to 150 U CSF/mL. Despite achieving serum levels of 5,000 to 7,000 U/mL after IV injection of 25,000 units of CSF, less than 50% of the marrow receptors and less than 85% of the splenic receptors were saturated or downregulated. The decline in receptor availability was transient, with return of receptor sites in two to four hours. Increasing the IV dose to 125,000 units increased serum CSF values to approximately 20,000 U/mL and led to a virtual disappearance of available receptors for two to three hours. When administered IP, only approximately 40% of marrow and 80% of splenic receptors were affected for two hours. It was necessary to increase the dose of CSF to 250,000 units IP to saturate or downregulate receptors for three to four hours after injection. These observations indicate a marked blood-bone marrow barrier and lesser blood-spleen barrier for the transfer of serum CSF to responsive hematopoietic cells in vivo.

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