Chia Seed Oil Intake: Is It Beneficial for Preventing Cardiovascular Risk Factors?

Cold-pressed chia seed oils (ChO) are known for their health-promoting characteristics due to their high content of omega-3 α-linolenic acid (ω-3 ALA). We investigated the influence of ChO supplementation as a functional food on animal models of the cardiovascular risk factors hypercholesterolemia and metabolic syndrome (MS). Dietary intervention with ChO (equivalent to 4.8 g ALA per day) was found to improve vascular dysfunction and mitigate the rise in plasma triglyceride (TG) levels under hypercholesterolemic conditions. However, impaired glucose tolerance was found in control ChO-treated animals. In order to verify whether the effects of chia seed are the same as that of ChO, we replaced ChO with an equivalent amount of seed. Glucose intolerance was found once again. For this reason, we carried out a new study in which ChO intake was reduced to 3 g ALA per day, and no alterations were observed in such conditions. Thus, dietary intervention with ChO equivalent to 3 g ALA intake per day was chosen to analyze the effects on the alterations that characterize high-fat diet-induced MS. ChO supplementation lowered the ω-6/ω-3 ratio, TG, blood pressure and improved endothelial function. Nevertheless, ChO worsened the high-fat diet’s deleterious effects on visceral abdominal fat, fasting glucose and glucose tolerance. Our results support the view that dietary guidelines for treating patients with hypercholesterolemia or MS must be carefully planned in such a way that the incorporation of ChO into the diet should be controlled and nutritional background be considered.

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Fish Oil and Microalga Omega-3 as Dietary Supplements: A Comparative Study on Cardiovascular Risk Factors in High-Fat Fed Rats

Lipids ◽

10.1007/s11745-016-4177-2 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 51 (9) ◽

pp. 1037-1049 ◽

Cited By ~ 13

Author(s):

Adil Haimeur ◽

Virginie Mimouni ◽

Lionel Ulmann ◽

Anne-Sophie Martineau ◽

Hafida Messaouri ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Cardiovascular Risk ◽

Comparative Study ◽

Fish Oil ◽

Cardiovascular Risk Factors ◽

Dietary Supplements ◽

Omega 3 ◽

High Fat

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Impact of Fat Intake on Blood Glucose Control and Cardiovascular Risk Factors in Children and Adolescents with Type 1 Diabetes

Nutrients ◽

10.3390/nu13082625 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 13 (8) ◽

pp. 2625

Author(s):

Chiara Garonzi ◽

Gun Forsander ◽

Claudio Maffeis

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Type 1 Diabetes ◽

Cardiovascular Risk ◽

Glycemic Control ◽

Children And Adolescents ◽

Cardiovascular Risk Factors ◽

Specific Role ◽

Fat Intake ◽

High Fat

Nutrition therapy is a cornerstone of type 1 diabetes (T1D) management. Glycemic control is affected by diet composition, which can contribute to the development of diabetes complications. However, the specific role of macronutrients is still debated, particularly fat intake. This review aims at assessing the relationship between fat intake and glycemic control, cardiovascular risk factors, inflammation, and microbiota, in children and adolescents with T1D. High fat meals are followed by delayed and prolonged hyperglycemia and higher glycated hemoglobin A1c levels have been frequently reported in individuals with T1D consuming high amounts of fat. High fat intake has also been associated with increased cardiovascular risk, which is higher in people with diabetes than in healthy subjects. Finally, high fat meals lead to postprandial pro-inflammatory responses through different mechanisms, including gut microbiota modifications. Different fatty acids were proposed to have a specific role in metabolic regulation, however, further investigation is still necessary. In conclusion, available evidence suggests that a high fat intake should be avoided by children and adolescents with T1D, who should be encouraged to adhere to a healthy and balanced diet, as suggested by ISPAD and ADA recommendations. This nutritional choice might be beneficial for reducing cardiovascular risk and inflammation.

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Oral glucose tolerance and its relationship to overweight and other cardiovascular risk factors in men aged 33–42:A study in the Community of Habo, Sweden

Scandinavian Journal of Primary Health Care ◽

10.3109/02813439409029251 ◽

1994 ◽

Vol 12 (4) ◽

pp. 261-268 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Lars-GöRan Perssion ◽

Kjell Lindström ◽

Calle Bengtsson

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Cardiovascular Risk ◽

Glucose Tolerance ◽

Cardiovascular Risk Factors ◽

Oral Glucose ◽

Oral Glucose Tolerance

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Impact of successful transsphenoidal surgery on cardiovascular risk factors in acromegaly

Acta Endocrinologica ◽

10.1530/eje.0.1480193 ◽

2003 ◽

pp. 193-201 ◽

Cited By ~ 36

Author(s):

ML Jaffrain-Rea ◽

G Minniti ◽

C Moroni ◽

V Esposito ◽

E Ferretti ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Blood Pressure ◽

Cardiovascular Risk ◽

Insulin Sensitivity ◽

Glucose Tolerance ◽

Cardiovascular Risk Factors ◽

Transsphenoidal Surgery ◽

Left Ventricular ◽

Diastolic Filling ◽

Igf I

BACKGROUND: Cardiac abnormalities develop in patients with acromegaly as a consequence of effects of GH/IGF-I on the heart and related cardiovascular risk factors. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the possible contribution of postoperative variations in blood pressure (BP), glucose tolerance and insulin sensitivity to the cardiac improvement reported in patients who have been cured of acromegaly. DESIGN: Thirty-one patients with acromegaly were studied before and 6 Months after successful transsphenoidal surgery, defined by normal age-related IGF-I concentrations and glucose-suppressed GH concentrations <1 microg/l. METHODS: Cardiovascular parameters were assessed by Doppler echocardiography and 24-h ambulatory blood pressure monitoring. Insulin sensitivity indexes were calculated on the basis of fasting and post-load glycaemia and insulinaemia and referred to as HOMA(ISI) and OGTT(ISI), respectively. RESULTS: Successful surgery was confirmed to improve left ventricular mass index (LVMI) and diastolic filling significantly. Mean 24-h systolic BP values decreased (P=0.009) and BP rhythm was restored in 12 of 15 patients with a blunted preoperative profile. Glucose tolerance normalized in patients with preoperative glucose intolerance (n=7) or diabetes mellitus (n=3). HOMA(ISI) and OGTT(ISI) increased (P=0.0001 for each parameter), indicating a marked improvement in insulin sensitivity. The postoperative reduction in LVMI correlated with increased insulin sensitivity (P<0.001 for both indexes), but not with other parameters. Improved diastolic filling correlated with the reduction in LVMI. CONCLUSIONS: Successful surgery in patients with acromegaly induces a significant improvement in haemodynamic and metabolic risk factors. This study suggests a direct link between insulin resistance and acromegalic cardiomyopathy.

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