scholarly journals Cerebellar Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation Improves Maximum Isometric Force Production during Isometric Barbell Squats

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 235 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rouven Kenville ◽  
Tom Maudrich ◽  
Dennis Maudrich ◽  
Arno Villringer ◽  
Patrick Ragert
Keyword(s):  
Muscle Strength ◽  
Direct Current ◽  
Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation ◽  
Primary Motor Cortex ◽  
Voluntary Contraction ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Anodal Tdcs ◽  
Contraction Force ◽  
Body Movements ◽  
Direct Current Stimulation

Maximum voluntary contraction force (MVC) is an important predictor of athletic performance as well as physical fitness throughout life. Many everyday life activities involve multi-joint or whole-body movements that are determined in part through optimized muscle strength. Transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) has been reported to enhance muscle strength parameters in single-joint movements after its application to motor cortical areas, although tDCS effects on maximum isometric voluntary contraction force (MIVC) in compound movements remain to be investigated. Here, we tested whether anodal tDCS and/or sham stimulation over primary motor cortex (M1) and cerebellum (CB) improves MIVC during isometric barbell squats (iBS). Our results provide novel evidence that CB stimulation enhances MIVC during iBS. Although this indicates that parameters relating to muscle strength can be modulated through anodal tDCS of the cerebellum, our results serve as an initial reference point and need to be extended. Therefore, further studies are necessary to expand knowledge in this area of research through the inclusion of different tDCS paradigms, for example investigating dynamic barbell squats, as well as testing other whole-body movements.

scholarly journals Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation (tDCS) in Unilateral Cerebral Palsy: A Pilot Study of Motor Effect

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emanuela Inguaggiato ◽  
Nadia Bolognini ◽  
Simona Fiori ◽  
Giovanni Cioni
Keyword(s):  
Cerebral Palsy ◽  
Pilot Study ◽  
Upper Limb ◽  
Direct Current ◽  
Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation ◽  
Primary Motor Cortex ◽  
Controlled Study ◽  
Anodal Tdcs ◽  
Direct Current Stimulation ◽  
Unilateral Cerebral Palsy

Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation (tDCS) is an emerging tool to improve upper limb motor functions after stroke acquired in adulthood; however, there is a paucity of reports on its efficacy for upper limb motor rehabilitation in congenital or early-acquired stroke. In this pilot study we have explored, for the first time, the immediate effects, and their short-term persistence, of a single application of anodal tDCS on chronic upper limb motor disorders in children and young individuals with Unilateral Cerebral Palsy (UCP). To this aim, in a crossover sham-controlled study, eight subjects aged 10-28 years with UCP underwent two sessions of active and sham tDCS. Anodal tDCS (1.5 mA, 20 min) was delivered over the primary motor cortex (M1) of the ipsilesional hemisphere. Results showed, only following the active stimulation, an immediate improvement in unimanual gross motor dexterity of hemiplegic, but not of nonhemiplegic, hand in Box and Block test (BBT). Such improvement remained stable for at least 90 minutes. Performance of both hands in Hand Grip Strength test was not modified by anodal tDCS. Improvement in BBT was unrelated to participants’ age or lesion size, as revealed by MRI data analysis. No serious adverse effects occurred after tDCS; some mild and transient side effects (e.g., headache, tingling, and itchiness) were reported in a limited number of cases. This study provides an innovative contribution to scientific literature on the efficacy and safety of anodal tDCS in UCP. This trial is registered with NCT03137940.

scholarly journals Effects of Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation on GABA and Glutamate in Children: A Pilot Study

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
C Nwaroh ◽  
A Giuffre ◽  
L Cole ◽  
T Bell ◽  
H. L. Carlson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Skill Acquisition ◽  
Direct Current ◽  
Sensorimotor Cortex ◽  
Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation ◽  
Primary Motor Cortex ◽  
Therapeutic Potential ◽  
Fine Motor ◽  
Resonance Spectroscopy ◽  
Anodal Tdcs ◽  
Direct Current Stimulation

AbstractTranscranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) is a form of non-invasive brain stimulation that safely modulates brain excitability and has therapeutic potential for many conditions. Several studies have shown that anodal tDCS of the primary motor cortex (M1) facilitates motor learning and plasticity, but there is little information about the underlying mechanisms. Using magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) it has been shown that tDCS can affect local levels of γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) and Glx (a measure of glutamate and glutamine combined) in adults, both of which are known to be associated with skill acquisition and plasticity; however this has yet to be studied in children and adolescents. This study examined GABA and Glx in response to conventional anodal tDCS (a-tDCS) and high definition tDCS (HD-tDCS) targeting the M1 in a pediatric population. Twenty-four typically developing, right handed children ages 12–18 years participated in five consecutive days of tDCS intervention (sham, a-tDCS or HD-tDCS) targeting the right M1 while training in a fine motor task (Purdue Pegboard Task) with their left hand. Glutamate and GABA were measured before and after the protocol (at day 5 and 6 weeks) using conventional MRS and GABA-edited MRS in the sensorimotor cortices. Glutamate measured in the left sensorimotor cortex was higher in the HD-tDCS group compared to a-tDCS and sham at 6 weeks (p = 0.001). No changes in GABA were observed in either sensorimotor cortex at any time. These results suggest that neither a-tDCS or HD-tDCS locally affect GABA and glutamate in the developing brain and therefore it may demonstrate different responses in adults.

scholarly journals Treadmill training combined with transcranial direct current stimulation over the primary motor cortex in a child with cerebral palsy and hydrocephalus: A case report.

2014 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
pp. 210
Author(s):  
Fernanda Lobo Rezende ◽  
Natália De Almeida Carvalho Duarte ◽  
Luanda André Collange Grecco ◽  
Claudia Santos Oliveira
Keyword(s):  
Cerebral Palsy ◽  
Motor Cortex ◽  
Direct Current ◽  
Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation ◽  
Primary Motor Cortex ◽  
Treadmill Training ◽  
Anodal Tdcs ◽  
Direct Current Stimulation ◽  
Eyes Closed ◽  
Intervention Protocol

Introduction: Transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) is a promising technique that stimulates the cortex with a direct, low-intensity electric current and can potentiate motor learning. Objective: Describe the results of an intervention protocol involving anodal stimulation over the primary motor cortex combined with treadmill training in a child with cerebral palsy. Method: The intervention was comprised of ten sessions of anodal tDCS (1mA) over the primary motor cortex during the treadmill training. Stabilometric analysis was evaluated one week before and one week after the intervention. Results: A reduction in oscillations of the COP was found under both conditions (eyes opened and eyes closed. Conclusion: Our findings suggest that anodal tDCS over primary motor cortex can potentiate the results of treadmill training.

Transcranial direct current stimulation effects on I-wave activity in humans

2011 ◽  
Vol 105 (6) ◽  
pp. 2802-2810 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicolas Lang ◽  
Michael A. Nitsche ◽  
Michele Dileone ◽  
Paolo Mazzone ◽  
Javier De Andrés-Arés ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Motor Cortex ◽  
Direct Current ◽  
Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation ◽  
Cortical Neurons ◽  
Primary Motor Cortex ◽  
Motor Evoked Potential ◽  
Anodal Tdcs ◽  
Direct Current Stimulation ◽  
Cathodal Tdcs ◽  
Motor Cortex Excitability

Transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) of the human cerebral cortex modulates cortical excitability noninvasively in a polarity-specific manner: anodal tDCS leads to lasting facilitation and cathodal tDCS to inhibition of motor cortex excitability. To further elucidate the underlying physiological mechanisms, we recorded corticospinal volleys evoked by single-pulse transcranial magnetic stimulation of the primary motor cortex before and after a 5-min period of anodal or cathodal tDCS in eight conscious patients who had electrodes implanted in the cervical epidural space for the control of pain. The effects of anodal tDCS were evaluated in six subjects and the effects of cathodal tDCS in five subjects. Three subjects were studied with both polarities. Anodal tDCS increased the excitability of cortical circuits generating I waves in the corticospinal system, including the earliest wave (I1 wave), whereas cathodal tDCS suppressed later I waves. The motor evoked potential (MEP) amplitude changes immediately following tDCS periods were in agreement with the effects produced on intracortical circuitry. The results deliver additional evidence that tDCS changes the excitability of cortical neurons.

scholarly journals Enhancing Plasticity Mechanisms in the Mouse Motor Cortex by Anodal Transcranial Direct-Current Stimulation: The Contribution of Nitric Oxide Signaling

2019 ◽  
Vol 30 (5) ◽  
pp. 2972-2985 ◽  
Author(s):  
Saviana Antonella Barbati ◽  
Sara Cocco ◽  
Valentina Longo ◽  
Matteo Spinelli ◽  
Katia Gironi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nitric Oxide ◽  
Motor Cortex ◽  
Synaptic Transmission ◽  
Direct Current ◽  
Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Primary Motor Cortex ◽  
Long Term Potentiation ◽  
Anodal Tdcs ◽  
Direct Current Stimulation

Abstract Consistent body of evidence shows that transcranial direct-current stimulation (tDCS) over the primary motor cortex (M1) facilitates motor learning and promotes recovery after stroke. However, the knowledge of molecular mechanisms behind tDCS effects needs to be deepened for a more rational use of this technique in clinical settings. Here we characterized the effects of anodal tDCS of M1, focusing on its impact on glutamatergic synaptic transmission and plasticity. Mice subjected to tDCS displayed increased long-term potentiation (LTP) and enhanced basal synaptic transmission at layer II/III horizontal connections. They performed better than sham-stimulated mice in the single-pellet reaching task and exhibited increased forelimb strength. Dendritic spine density of layer II/III pyramidal neurons was also increased by tDCS. At molecular level, tDCS enhanced: 1) BDNF expression, 2) phosphorylation of CREB, CaMKII, and GluA1, and 3) S-nitrosylation of GluA1 and HDAC2. Blockade of nitric oxide synthesis by L-NAME prevented the tDCS-induced enhancement of GluA1 phosphorylation at Ser831 and BDNF levels, as well as of miniature excitatory postsynaptic current (mEPSC) frequency, LTP and reaching performance. Collectively, these findings demonstrate that anodal tDCS engages plasticity mechanisms in the M1 and highlight a role for nitric oxide (NO) as a novel mediator of tDCS effects.

scholarly journals Immediate Effect of Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation Combined with Functional Electrical Stimulation on Plantar Distribution and Body Sway Frequency in a Patient with Hemiparesis from Stroke: A Case Report

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Aline Marina Alves Fruhauf ◽  
Glaucio Carneiro Costa ◽  
João Carlos Ferrari Corrêa ◽  
Fernanda Ishida Corrêa
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Stimulation ◽  
Direct Current ◽  
Functional Electrical Stimulation ◽  
Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation ◽  
Primary Motor Cortex ◽  
Body Sway ◽  
Anodal Tdcs ◽  
Foot Pressure ◽  
Direct Current Stimulation ◽  
Sway Frequency

Objectives: The present study aimed to evaluate the immediate effect of a single session of anodal transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) over the primary motor cortex (M1) combined with functional electrical stimulation (FES) of the tibialis anterior (TA) muscle on plantar distribution and body sway frequency in an individual with hemiparesis stemming from a stroke. A further aim was to determine whether the effects of the combination of stimulation techniques would lead to greater improvement than the techniques administered separately. Methods: The therapy was conducted with one 60-year-old male with right-side stroke and complete, but disproportional hemiparesis with brachial predominance on the left side, 42 months elapsed since the event and severe Fugl-Meyer score. The patient was submitted to four different randomly performed intervention protocols with a 48-hour intervention between sessions: 1) anodal tDCS + sham FES + active TA contraction; 2) sham tDCS + active FES + active TA contraction; 3) anodal tDCS + active FES + active TA contraction; 4) sham tDCS + sham FES + active TA contraction). TDCS was administered for 20 minutes with the anode over C4 and the cathode over the supraorbital region on the contralateral side and FES was administered over the left TA. The evaluation of plantar distribution was performed with a foot-pressure platform and body sway frequency was evaluated using a force plate before and after each protocol. Results: Beneficial changes occurred in the area of contact of the left hindfoot and right forefoot following intervention protocols 1, 2 and 3 and a reduction in body sway frequency occurred under all data acquisition conditions after protocols 1 and 2. Conclusion: The use of tDCS (combined and alone) and the use of FES contributed to improvements in plantar distribution and body sway frequency in a stroke survivor with hemiparesis. The use of tDCS either alone or combined with FES achieved better results than the use of FES alone.

scholarly journals Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation Enhances Muscle Strength of Non-dominant Knee in Healthy Young Males

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Panpan Lu ◽  
Nicholas J. Hanson ◽  
Lin Wen ◽  
Feng Guo ◽  
Xiaoyu Tian
Keyword(s):  
Muscle Strength ◽  
Direct Current ◽  
Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation ◽  
Primary Motor Cortex ◽  
Knee Extensors ◽  
Mean Power ◽  
Root Mean Square Amplitude ◽  
Mean Power Frequency ◽  
Sham Stimulation ◽  
Direct Current Stimulation

Transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) has been applied in training and competition, but its effects on physical performance remain largely unknown. This study aimed to observe the effect of tDCS on muscular strength and knee activation. Nineteen healthy young men were subjected to 20 min of real stimulation (2 mA) and sham stimulation (0 mA) over the primary motor cortex (M1) bilaterally on different days. The maximal voluntary contraction (MVC) of the knee extensors and flexors, and surface electromyography (sEMG) of the rectus femoris (RF) and biceps femoris (BF) were recorded before, immediately after, and 30 min after stimulation. MVC, rate of force development (RFD), and sEMG activity were analyzed before and after each condition. MVC of the non-dominant leg extensor and flexor was significantly higher immediately after real stimulation and 30 min after stimulation than before, and MVC of the non-dominant leg flexor was significantly higher 30 min after real stimulation than that after sham stimulation (P < 0.05). The RFD of the non-dominant leg extensor and flexor immediately after real stimulation was significantly higher than before stimulation, and the RFD of the non-dominant leg extensor immediately after real stimulation and 30 min after stimulation was significantly higher than that of sham stimulation (P < 0.05). EMG analysis showed the root mean square amplitude and mean power frequency (MPF) of the non-dominant BF and RF were significantly higher immediately after real stimulation and 30 min after stimulation than before stimulation, and the MPF of the non-dominant BF EMG was significantly higher 30 min after real stimulation than that after sham stimulation (P < 0.05). Bilateral tDCS of the M1 can significantly improve the muscle strength and explosive force of the non-dominant knee extensor and flexor, which might result from increased recruitment of motor units. This effect can last until 30 min after stimulation, but there is no significant effect on the dominant knee.

scholarly journals Transcranial direct current stimulation for balance and gait in repetitive mild traumatic brain injury in rats

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Gahee Park ◽  
Jee Hyun Suh ◽  
Soo Jeong Han
Keyword(s):  
Traumatic Brain Injury ◽  
Brain Injury ◽  
Mild Traumatic Brain Injury ◽  
Direct Current ◽  
Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation ◽  
Primary Motor Cortex ◽  
Motor Evoked Potential ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Anodal Tdcs ◽  
Direct Current Stimulation

Abstract Background Balance impairment and lack of postural orientation are serious problems in patients with repetitive mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI). Objective To investigate whether anodal transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) over the primary motor cortex (M1) can improve balance control and gait in repetitive mTBI rat models. Methods In this prospective animal study, 65 repetitive mTBI rats were randomly assigned to two groups: the tDCS group and the control group. To create repetitive mTBI model rats, we induced mTBI in the rats for 3 consecutive days. The tDCS group received one session of anodal tDCS over the M1 area 24 h after the third induced mTBI, while the control group did not receive tDCS treatment. Motor-evoked potential (MEP), foot-fault test, and rotarod test were evaluated before mTBI, before tDCS and after tDCS. The Mann–Whitney U test and Wilcoxon signed rank test were used to assess the effects of variables between the two groups. Results Anodal tDCS over the M1 area significantly improved the amplitude of MEP in the tDCS group (p = 0.041). In addition, rotarod duration was significantly increased in the tDCS group (p = 0.001). The foot-fault ratio was slightly lower in the tDCS group, however, this was not statistically significant. Conclusion Anodal tDCS at the M1 area could significantly improve the amplitude of MEP and balance function in a repetitive mTBI rat model. We expect that anodal tDCS would have the potential to improve balance in patients with repetitive mTBI.

scholarly journals Effects of Bilateral Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation on Simultaneous Bimanual Handgrip Strength

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mikito Hikosaka ◽  
Yu Aramaki
Keyword(s):  
Direct Current ◽  
Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation ◽  
Primary Motor Cortex ◽  
Handgrip Strength ◽  
Voluntary Contraction ◽  
Direct Current Stimulation ◽  
Bimanual Movements ◽  
Sham Condition ◽  
Limb Coordination ◽  
Neural Crosstalk

Although the effects of transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) on contralateral unimanual movement have been well reported, its effects on coordinated multi-limb movements remain unclear. Because multi-limb coordination is often performed in daily activities and sports, clarifying the effects of tDCS on multi-limb coordination may have valuable implications. However, considering the neural crosstalk involved in bimanual movements, including the transcallosal pathway and ipsilateral motor pathway, the extent of tDCS-induced improvement may differ between unimanual and bimanual movement. We examined how tDCS affects simultaneous bimanual maximal voluntary contraction (MVC) by testing the effects of tDCS of the bilateral primary motor cortex (M1) on unimanual and bimanual handgrip strength. Twenty-one right-handed healthy adults underwent three bilateral tDCS protocols (“RaLc,” with an anode on right M1 and a cathode on left M1, “RcLa,” with an anode on left M1 and a cathode on right M1, and “Sham”) in a randomized order. A 1.5 mA current was applied for 15 min during tDCS. Participants then performed maximal unimanual and bimanual handgrip tests. Bimanual handgrip force was higher in both hands in the RcLa condition than in the Sham condition. Similarly, unimanual handgrip force was higher in the RcLa condition than in the Sham condition. Stimulus responses were asymmetrical and were not observed in the RaLc condition. Our findings demonstrate that RcLa tDCS leads to neuromodulation that can produce greater unimanual and bimanual handgrip strength. This result provides basic evidence that tDCS may be useful in sports, particularly those involving bilateral coordination of upper limb movement.

scholarly journals Short-Term Effects of Anodal Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation on Endurance and Maximal Force Production. A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 536 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alix-Fages ◽  
Romero-Arenas ◽  
Castro-Alonso ◽  
Colomer-Poveda ◽  
Río-Rodriguez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Direct Current ◽  
Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation ◽  
Performance Enhancement ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Voluntary Contraction ◽  
Anodal Tdcs ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Direct Current Stimulation ◽  
Short Term Effects

The purpose of the present systematic review and meta-analysis was to explore the effects of transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) on endurance (i.e., time to task failure (TTF)) and maximal voluntary contraction (MVC). Furthermore, we aimed to analyze whether the duration of stimulation, the brain region targeted for stimulation, and the task performed could also influence motor performance. We performed a systematic literature review in the databases MEDLINE and Web of Science. The short-term effects of anodal tDCS and sham stimulation (placebo) were considered as experimental and control conditions, respectively. A total of 31 interventions were included (MVC = 13; TTF = 18). Analysis of the strength-related tDCS studies showed small improvements in the MVC (SMD = 0.19; 95% CI = −0.02, 0.41; p = 0.08). However, the results of the endurance-related interventions indicated a moderate effect on TTF performance (SMD = 0.26; 95% CI = 0.07, 0.45; p = 0.008). Furthermore, the sub-analysis showed that anodal tDCS over M1 and stimulation durations longer than 10 min produced the best results in terms of TTF performance enhancement. Additionally, the effects of anodal tDCS were larger during full body exercises (i.e., cycling) when compared to uniarticular tasks. In conclusion, the current meta-analysis indicated that anodal tDCS leads to small and moderate effects on MVC and TTF, respectively.

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