scholarly journals Effect of the Type and Number of Adverse Childhood Experiences and the Timing of Adverse Experiences on Clinical Outcomes in Individuals with Bipolar Disorder

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (5) ◽  
pp. 254 ◽  
Author(s):  
Young-Min Park ◽  
Tatyana Shekhtman ◽  
John R. Kelsoe
Keyword(s):  
Bipolar Disorder ◽  
Clinical Outcomes ◽  
Adverse Childhood Experiences ◽  
Suicide Attempts ◽  
Age At Onset ◽  
Diagnostic Interview ◽  
Childhood Experiences ◽  
Adverse Experiences ◽  
Adverse Childhood ◽  
Negative Effect

Studies have reported an association between adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) and the clinical outcomes of bipolar disorder (BD). However, these studies have several limitations; therefore, we aimed to clarify the effect of the type and number of ACEs and the timing of adverse experiences on clinical outcomes in patients with BD. We analyzed the data of patients with BD (N = 2675) obtained from the National Institute of Mental Health: Bipolar Disorder Genetic Association Information Network, Translational Genomic Institute-I, and Translational Genomic Institute-II. All patients had been diagnosed using the Diagnostic Interview for Genetic Studies. ACEs were evaluated using the Childhood Life Events Scale (CLES). We analyzed the relationship between childhood trauma and clinical outcome in patients with and without exposure to ACEs. We found that ACEs had a robust negative effect on clinical outcomes, including earlier age at onset, presence of psychotic episodes, suicide attempts, mixed symptoms or episodes, substance misuse comorbidity, and worse life functioning. Specifically, the number of ACEs had the most significant effect on clinical outcomes; however, specific ACEs, such as physical abuse, had a considerable influence. Moreover, post-childhood adverse experiences had a weaker effect on clinical outcomes than ACEs did. There was an association of ACEs with negative clinical outcomes in patients with BD. This indicates the importance of basic and clinical research on ACEs in patients with BD.

scholarly journals Interaction between adverse childhood experiences and polygenic risk in patients with bipolar disorder

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Young-Min Park ◽  
Tatyana Shekhtman ◽  
John R. Kelsoe
Keyword(s):  
Bipolar Disorder ◽  
Clinical Outcomes ◽  
Adverse Childhood Experiences ◽  
Age At Onset ◽  
Polygenic Risk Score ◽  
Childhood Experiences ◽  
Polygenic Risk ◽  
Adverse Childhood ◽  
Genes And Environment ◽  
Genomic Study

Abstract The interaction between genes and environment often occurs when they depend on one another. We hypothesized that adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) would interact with genetic predispositions to bipolar disorder (BD), demonstrating earlier age at onset (AAO) and worse clinical outcomes. We aimed to clarify the effects of the interaction between ACEs and genetic susceptibility using polygenic risk score (PRS) on AAO and clinical outcomes. Single nucleotide polymorphisms and clinical data, including ACEs, were obtained from the Bipolar Genomic Study, which contains a large sample of BD participants. A total of 1615 subjects with BD I were obtained and divided into two groups according to the presence or absence of ACEs and an additional four groups based on the number of ACEs (none versus one versus two versus ≥ three types). ACEs was evaluated using the childhood life events scale (CLES). BD–PRS was obtained from the Psychiatric Genomics Consortium, which compared BD patients and healthy controls. The BD–PRS was higher in the group with ACEs than without ACEs at most p-value thresholds. In multivariate linear regression analyses, both groups with more ACEs and higher BD–PRS were independently and interactively associated with an earlier AAO of BD; however, only greater ACEs were associated with worsened clinical outcome. These findings highlight the clinical importance of evaluating ACEs and polygenic risk in research of the etiology of BD.

Adverse Childhood Experiences, Suicidal/Self-Harming Thoughts, and Suicide Attempts Among LGB and Heterosexual Utahns

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-19
Author(s):  
James S. McGraw ◽  
Stephanie McManimen ◽  
Jessica Chinn ◽  
Harrison D. Angoff ◽  
Meagan Docherty ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Adverse Childhood Experiences ◽  
Suicide Attempts ◽  
Childhood Experiences ◽  
Adverse Childhood

scholarly journals Case-control study of adverse childhood experiences and multiple sclerosis risk and clinical outcomes

PLoS ONE ◽  
2022 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. e0262093
Author(s):  
Mary K. Horton ◽  
Shannon McCurdy ◽  
Xiaorong Shao ◽  
Kalliope Bellesis ◽  
Terrence Chinn ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Multiple Sclerosis ◽  
Clinical Outcomes ◽  
Adverse Childhood Experiences ◽  
Multiple Testing ◽  
Multiple Testing Correction ◽  
Latent Factors ◽  
Childhood Experiences ◽  
Adverse Childhood ◽  
Rich Data ◽  
Control Study

Background Adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) are linked to numerous health conditions but understudied in multiple sclerosis (MS). This study’s objective was to test for the association between ACEs and MS risk and several clinical outcomes. Methods We used a sample of adult, non-Hispanic MS cases (n = 1422) and controls (n = 1185) from Northern California. Eighteen ACEs were assessed including parent divorce, parent death, and abuse. Outcomes included MS risk, age of MS onset, Multiple Sclerosis Severity Scale score, and use of a walking aid. Logistic and linear regression estimated odds ratios (ORs) (and beta coefficients) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for ACEs operationalized as any/none, counts, individual events, and latent factors/patterns. Results Overall, more MS cases experienced ≥1 ACE compared to controls (54.5% and 53.8%, respectively). After adjusting for sex, birthyear, and race, this small difference was attenuated (OR = 1.01, 95% CI: 0.87, 1.18). There were no trends of increasing or decreasing odds of MS across ACE count categories. Consistent associations between individual ACEs between ages 0–10 and 11–20 years and MS risk were not detected. Factor analysis identified five latent ACE factors, but their associations with MS risk were approximately null. Age of MS onset and other clinical outcomes were not associated with ACEs after multiple testing correction. Conclusion Despite rich data and multiple approaches to operationalizing ACEs, no consistent and statistically significant effects were observed between ACEs with MS. This highlights the challenges of studying sensitive, retrospective events among adults that occurred decades before data collection.

Abstract 30: Role For Adverse Childhood Experiences And Depression In Preeclampsia

Hypertension ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 78 (Suppl_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Monica C Myers ◽  
Mark K Santillan ◽  
Debra S Brandt ◽  
Amy K Stroud ◽  
Julie A Vignato ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Postpartum Depression ◽  
Adverse Childhood Experiences ◽  
Depression Scale ◽  
Severe Depression ◽  
Late Pregnancy ◽  
Physical And Mental Health ◽  
Childhood Experiences ◽  
Adverse Experiences ◽  
Adverse Childhood ◽  
Patient Health

Hypertensive diseases are associated with adverse experiences in childhood as well as depression. In order to determine if these associations were present in women with preeclampsia (PreE), a particularly devastating hypertensive disease in pregnancy, the scores from three questionnaires: Adverse Childhood Experiences (ACE), Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS), and the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9) were compared between women with PreE (n=32) and women without PreE (n=46) between 9 and 48 months postpartum (IRB# 201808705). ACE scores are calculated by summing an individual’s affirmative responses to specific adverse experiences during childhood. In our study, the average ACE score of individuals with PreE was higher than that of women without PreE (1.69 vs. 1.02, P=.04). We also divided women into groups based on whether their ACE score was ≤3 or ≥4 due to evidence that individuals who have experienced ≥4 ACEs are at greatest risk for physical and mental health conditions. Among our participants, 80% of women with an ACE score ≥4 (n=10) had PreE while only 35.3% of women with a score ≤3 (n=68) developed the condition (P=0.01). As well, the odds of having PreE were higher in those with ACE scores ≥4, compared with those with scores ≤3 (OR= 7.34; 95% CI = 1.44, 37.33). In a subset of participants, scores were available from EPDS, survey that identifies women who have postpartum depression 6 weeks after birth, and from the PHQ-9, another assessment for depression. Among our participants, the average EPDS score was higher in women with PreE than women without PreE (6.38, n=21 vs. 3.71, n=42 P=0.01), indicating more severe symptoms of postpartum depression in women who also had PreE. In addition, the average PHQ-9 score among women with PreE was higher than that of women without PreE (3.71, n=15 vs 1.86, n=37 P=.02) with a higher score indicating more severe depression. The average PHQ-9 score was also higher in women who had ACE scores ≥4 than women with scores ≤3 (4.00, n=4 vs. 2.27, n=48 P=.01) indicating that women with more adverse childhood events were more likely to experience depression. Together, these findings indicate that PreE may be associated with adverse events during childhood as well as depression in late pregnancy and/or postpartum.

Adverse childhood experiences influence the detrimental effect of bipolar disorder and schizophrenia on cortico-limbic grey matter volumes

2016 ◽  
Vol 189 ◽  
pp. 290-297 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sara Poletti ◽  
Benedetta Vai ◽  
Enrico Smeraldi ◽  
Roberto Cavallaro ◽  
Cristina Colombo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bipolar Disorder ◽  
Adverse Childhood Experiences ◽  
Grey Matter ◽  
Detrimental Effect ◽  
Childhood Experiences ◽  
Adverse Childhood

scholarly journals Counseling Techniques Supporting West African Children With Adverse Childhood Experiences: A Systematic Review

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shanelle V. Clay ◽  
Cheria Jackson ◽  
Quincy Stephenson
Keyword(s):  
Adverse Childhood Experiences ◽  
Expressive Arts ◽  
West African ◽  
Exploratory Research ◽  
Childhood Experiences ◽  
African Children ◽  
Adverse Experiences ◽  
Online Databases ◽  
Adverse Childhood ◽  
Vantage Points

Using a meta-synthesis approach, through the review of current literature, five published and peer reviewed qualitative research reports were studied. The intention was to identify interventions being used with West African children who have endured adverse childhood experiences. These results were found through matching inclusionary criteria and all studies were screened for appropriateness and relevance to the topic matter. The literature was analyzed across five online databases including Proquest, PsychInfo, Scopus, Wiley, and Springer from January 2005 to June 2020. The authors found minimal evidence indicating interventions used in West Africa for adverse experiences related specifically to children, but found themes related to interventions that serve West African families that include children. Findings were thematically analyzed through meta-synthesis and identified four themes used in the interventions, which include western, spiritual, expressive arts, and cultural approaches. West African children endure adverse experiences such as terrorism, abuse, and war violence that contribute to an increasing the need for mental health interventions. These experiences approached from western, spiritual, expressive arts, and cultural vantage points were identified but limited in information about delivery and efficacy, thus providing little guidance regarding further exploratory research.

Adverse childhood experiences influence white matter microstructure in patients with bipolar disorder

2014 ◽  
Vol 44 (14) ◽  
pp. 3069-3082 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. Benedetti ◽  
I. Bollettini ◽  
D. Radaelli ◽  
S. Poletti ◽  
C. Locatelli ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bipolar Disorder ◽  
White Matter ◽  
Adverse Childhood Experiences ◽  
Diffusion Tensor ◽  
Structural Connectivity ◽  
Adult Life ◽  
Mean Diffusivity ◽  
Childhood Experiences ◽  
Axial Diffusivity ◽  
Adverse Childhood

BackgroundBipolar disorder (BD) is associated with adverse childhood experiences (ACE), which worsen the lifetime course of illness, and with signs of widespread disruption of white matter (WM) integrity in adult life. ACE are associated with changes in WM microstructure in healthy humans.MethodWe tested the effects of ACE on diffusion-tensor imaging (DTI) measures of WM integrity in 80 in-patients affected by a major depressive episode in the course of BD. We used whole-brain tract-based spatial statistics in the WM skeleton with threshold-free cluster enhancement of DTI measures of WM microstructure: axial, radial and mean diffusivity, and fractional anisotropy.ResultsACE hastened the onset of illness. We observed an inverse correlation between the severity of ACE and DTI measures of axial diffusivity in several WM fibre tracts contributing to the functional integrity of the brain and including the corona radiata, thalamic radiations, corpus callosum, cingulum bundle, superior longitudinal fasciculus, inferior fronto-occipital fasciculus and uncinate fasciculus.ConclusionsAxial diffusivity reflects the integrity of axons and myelin sheaths, and correlates with functional connectivity and with higher-order abilities such as reasoning and experience of emotions. In patients with BD axial diffusivity is increased by lithium treatment. ACE might contribute to BD pathophysiology by hampering structural connectivity in critical cortico-limbic networks.

The Impact of Adverse Childhood Experiences (ACEs) on Suicidal Ideation and Suicide Attempts in an Inpatient Adolescent Sample

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 289-299
Author(s):  
Tara Benczkowski ◽  
Christine Kostoroski ◽  
Mackenzie Stabile ◽  
Karen Holler
Keyword(s):  
Suicidal Ideation ◽  
Adverse Childhood Experiences ◽  
Attempted Suicide ◽  
Suicide Attempts ◽  
Diverse Populations ◽  
Suicidal Tendency ◽  
Childhood Experiences ◽  
Adverse Childhood ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Adolescent Inpatients

Background: Suicidal ideation (SI) and suicide attempts (SAs) among adolescents are a significant public health concern worldwide. The current study extends previous research by exploring the association between adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) and SI and SAs in a sample of adolescent inpatients as well as identifying specific predictors for increased risk of SI and SAs. Methods: Associations between ACE scores and self-reported SI and SAs were explored in a sample of 154 adolescent inpatients via clinical interview and by analyzing the association between cumulative ACE scores and scores on the Suicidal Tendency scale of a larger personality measure. We also tested for independent relationships between 19 ACEs and SI and SAs to determine unique predictors for suicidality. Results: One-way ANOVA analyses revealed that those who attempted suicide reported significantly more ACEs compared to those who did not attempt suicide. Witnessing violence in the home, school, or neighborhood, and experiences of discrimination increased one’s likelihood to attempt suicide by two to threefold, while sexual abuse, neglect, and physical abuse increased this likelihood by three-to-fourfold. Stepwise linear regression analyses demonstrated that emotional abuse, living with someone who had mental health problems or attempted suicide were most associated with elevated Suicidal Tendency scores on a personality measure. Conclusions: Early identification, education and intervention are imperative to limit or eliminate ACEs from occurring. The impact of cumulative as well as specific ACEs on suicide risk should be closely considered as areas for such intervention. Areas for future research include extending to include more diverse populations such as the LGBTQ community as well as more ethnically and racially diverse populations.

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