scholarly journals Risk Calculators in Bipolar Disorder: A Systematic Review

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (8) ◽  
pp. 525 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joana Silva Ribeiro ◽  
Daniela Pereira ◽  
Estela Salagre ◽  
Manuel Coroa ◽  
Pedro Santos Oliveira ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Bipolar Disorder ◽  
Early Recognition ◽  
Individual Risk ◽  
Discrimination Power ◽  
Delay In Diagnosis ◽  
Multiple Risk Factors ◽  
Not Otherwise Specified ◽  
Bipolar Spectrum Disorders ◽  
Spectrum Disorders

Introduction: Early recognition of bipolar disorder improves the prognosis and decreases the burden of the disease. However, there is a significant delay in diagnosis. Multiple risk factors for bipolar disorder have been identified and a population at high-risk for the disorder has been more precisely defined. These advances have allowed the development of risk calculators to predict individual risk of conversion to bipolar disorder. This review aims to identify the risk calculators for bipolar disorder and assess their clinical applicability. Methods: A systematic review of original studies on the development of risk calculators in bipolar disorder was performed. The studies’ quality was evaluated with the Newcastle-Ottawa Quality Assessment Form for Cohort Studies and according to recommendations of the Transparent Reporting of a multivariable prediction model for Individual Prognosis or Diagnosis Initiative. Results: Three studies met the inclusion criteria; one developed a risk calculator of conversion from major depressive episode to bipolar disorder; one of conversion to new-onset bipolar spectrum disorders in offspring of parents with bipolar disorder; and the last one of conversion in youths with bipolar disorder not-otherwise-specified. Conclusions: The calculators reviewed in this article present good discrimination power for bipolar disorder, although future replication and validation of the models is needed.

Bipolar Disorder During Childhood and Adolescence

2015 ◽  
pp. 286-298
Author(s):  
Mary Fristad ◽  
Elizabeth Nick
Keyword(s):  
Bipolar Disorder ◽  
Mood Stabilizers ◽  
Childhood And Adolescence ◽  
Bipolar Spectrum ◽  
Not Otherwise Specified ◽  
Bipolar Spectrum Disorders ◽  
Professional Interest ◽  
Evidence Based Treatments ◽  
History Of ◽  
Spectrum Disorders

This chapter reviews bipolar spectrum disorders (bipolar I, bipolar II, bipolar disorder not otherwise specified, and cyclothymic disorder) in childhood and adolescence. The history of the diagnosis in youth, including recent increased public and professional interest, and surrounding controversy is reviewed. Attention is given to prevalence, incidence, similarities and differences in presentation, course, and comorbidities among child, adolescent, and adult bipolar spectrum disorders. Assessment issues are reviewed, including longitudinal and multiinformant perspectives, instruments, strategies, tools, and assessment challenges with youth. Examples of symptom manifestation in youth are provided. Genetic, cognitive, neuroanatomical, psychosocial, and environmental risks for youth bipolar spectrum disorders are discussed. Evidence-based treatments reviewed include commonly prescribed mood stabilizers and atypical antipsychotics, alternative biological treatments, adjunctive psychotherapies, and complementary and alternative treatments. Finally, future directions for the study, assessment, monitoring, and treatment of youth bipolar spectrum disorders are discussed.

The assessment and management of suicide risk in bipolar disorder

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zoltán Rihmer ◽  
Xénia Gonda ◽  
Péter Döme
Keyword(s):  
Bipolar Disorder ◽  
Suicide Risk ◽  
Bipolar Disorders ◽  
Evidence Based ◽  
Bipolar Spectrum ◽  
Bipolar Spectrum Disorders ◽  
Spectrum Disorders ◽  
Bipolar Patients ◽  
Routine Assessment ◽  
Commit Suicide

Bipolar spectrum disorders are among the most frequent psychiatric ailments associated with a considerable risk of suicidal behaviour. Approximately 4–19% of (mostly untreated) patients with bipolar disorders ultimately commit suicide, and about 20–60% of them make at least one suicide attempt in their lifetime. Compared with the general population, the risk of committing suicide is about 10–30 times higher in patients with bipolar disorder. However, the majority of bipolar patients never attempt or commit suicide. Therefore, the routine assessment of several risk factors for suicide in clinical practice may aid in the recognition of those patients who are at the highest risk. This chapter summarizes the clinically most relevant suicide risk and protective factors in bipolar disorders. In addition, we review evidence-based strategies for suicide prevention in bipolar disorder.

Reward Hypersensitivity in Bipolar Spectrum Disorders

2019 ◽  
pp. 160-183
Author(s):  
Robin Nusslock ◽  
James Glazer ◽  
Tommy H. Ng ◽  
Madison K. Titone ◽  
Lauren B. Alloy
Keyword(s):  
Bipolar Disorder ◽  
Biological Marker ◽  
Reward Processing ◽  
Psychosocial Treatment ◽  
Behavioral Approach ◽  
Neural Activation ◽  
Manic Symptoms ◽  
Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
Bipolar Spectrum Disorders ◽  
Spectrum Disorders

The behavioral approach system (BAS)/reward hypersensitivity model of bipolar disorder proposes that risk for bipolar disorder, in particular hypo/manic episodes, is characterized by a hypersensitivity to goal- and reward-relevant cues. This hypersensitivity can lead to an excessive increase in approach-related affect and motivation to positive or rewarding life events, which, in the extreme, is reflected in hypo/manic symptoms. By contrast, multiple other psychiatric disorders, including major depressive disorder, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, schizophrenia, and anxiety, appear to be characterized by reduced or unaffected reward processing. This suggests that elevated reward processing may be unique to bipolar disorder and thus important for understanding the differential risk for bipolar symptoms and the pathophysiology of hypo/manic episodes. The objective of the present chapter is four-fold. First, the literature on reward processing and reward-related neural activation in bipolar disorder is reviewed, in particular risk for hypomania/mania. Second, it is proposed that reward-related neural activation reflects a unique biological marker of risk for bipolar disorder that may help facilitate psychiatric assessment and differential diagnosis. Third, the pharmacological and psychosocial treatment implications of research on reward-processing and reward-related neural activation in bipolar disorder are addressed. Finally, new and novel directions of research on reward processing in bipolar disorder are discussed, including an integrated reward and circadian rhythm dysregulation model of bipolar symptoms and our neuroimmune network hypothesis of abnormalities in reward processing across mood-related disorders.

From Obsessivity to Bipolarity and Vice Versa. A Literature Review

2016 ◽  
Vol 33 (S1) ◽  
pp. S494-S494
Author(s):  
P. Cano Ruiz ◽  
S. Cañas Fraile ◽  
A. Gómez Peinado ◽  
P. Sanmartin Salinas
Keyword(s):  
Bipolar Disorder ◽  
Depressive Illness ◽  
Bipolar Spectrum ◽  
Manic Depressive Illness ◽  
Bipolar Spectrum Disorders ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Spectrum Disorders ◽  
Competing Interest ◽  
Bipolar Patients ◽  
Depressive Episodes

IntroductionThe prevalence of obsessive symptoms in bipolar patients is currently under discussion. Last years, different cases of antidepressant-induced mania and hypomania in patients with OCD have been described.Several authors have reported that patients with OCD and bipolar disorder have more depressive episodes than patients with only OCD.ObjectiveTo know the relationship between OCD and other bipolar spectrum disorders.MethodBibliographical review on comorbidity between obsessive symptoms and bipolarity.ResultsSome longitudinal analysis have shown that patients firstly diagnosed with OCD have an increased risk for subsequent diagnosis of all other conditions, especially for bipolar and schizoaffective disorder, for those whose risk is of up to 13 times higher. The handling of a patient with bipolar disorder and OCD implies some difficulty, because of the main treatment of anxiety disorders, the antidepressants, alters the course of manic-depressive illness, accelerating cycles.ConclusionsOCD is etiologically related to bipolar spectrum disorders and schizophrenia. Therefore, it is necessary to continue the investigation of possible involved genes and approaches for clinical practice.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.

Sustained Attention and Visual Processing Speed in Children and Adolescents with Bipolar Disorder and other Psychiatric Disorders

2004 ◽  
Vol 95 (1) ◽  
pp. 39-47 ◽  
Author(s):  
James McCarthy ◽  
Alexandra McGlashan ◽  
Keith Kraseski ◽  
Diana Arrese ◽  
Brad Rappaport ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bipolar Disorder ◽  
Conduct Disorder ◽  
Visual Processing ◽  
Digit Span ◽  
Schizophrenia Spectrum Disorders ◽  
Oppositional Defiant ◽  
Not Otherwise Specified ◽  
Schizophrenia Spectrum ◽  
Spectrum Disorders ◽  
Visual Processing Speed

To investigate the cognitive functioning of children and adolescents with bipolar illness, 112 child and adolescent psychiatric inpatients and day-hospital patients at a state psychiatric hospital were administered the Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children–III (WISC–III) as part of an admission psychological assessment. There were 22 patients with Bipolar Disorder and 90 with other psychiatric disorders; all were between 8 and 17 years of age. The patients with Bipolar Disorder had a mean age of 14 yr., a mean Verbal IQ of 78, a mean Performance IQ of 76, and a mean Full Scale IQ of 75. When their WISC–III scores were compared with those who had Schizophrenia Spectrum disorders (Schizophrenia and Schizoaffective Disorder), Psychosis Not Otherwise Specified, Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder, and Conduct Disorder and Oppositional Defiant Disorder, there were no significant between-group mean differences for Verbal IQ, but patients with Bipolar Disorder had a significantly lower mean Performance IQ than those with ADHD and those with Conduct Disorder and Oppositional Defiant Disorder. Contrary to the expectation that the patients with Bipolar Disorder might have better sustained attention (higher Digit Span scores) than those with Schizophrenia Spectrum disorders and worse visual processing speed (lower Coding scores) than the other diagnostic groups, the bipolar patients' Digit Span and Coding scores did not differ significantly from those of the other groups. The patients with Psychosis, Not Otherwise Specified had significantly lower mean Performance IQ, Full Scale IQ, and Coding than the ADHD and the Conduct Disorder and Oppositional Disorder groups.

Therapy of No-Type I Bipolar Spectrum Disorders: A Systematic Review

2013 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 41-50
Author(s):  
Jorge M. Tamayo ◽  
David Mejia-Rodriguez ◽  
Ana M. Navarro-Montoya ◽  
Lina M. Alvarez-Arboleda ◽  
Gustavo Vazquez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Type I ◽  
Bipolar Spectrum ◽  
Bipolar Spectrum Disorders ◽  
Spectrum Disorders

Unique and Transdiagnostic Symptoms of Hypomania/Mania and Unipolar Depression

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 471-487 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kasey Stanton ◽  
Shereen Khoo ◽  
David Watson ◽  
June Gruber ◽  
Mark Zimmerman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bipolar Disorder ◽  
Depressive Symptoms ◽  
Unipolar Depression ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Bipolar Spectrum ◽  
Specific Symptom ◽  
Symptom Dimensions ◽  
Large Samples ◽  
Bipolar Spectrum Disorders ◽  
Spectrum Disorders

Extensive research has been conducted to isolate features that distinguish bipolar spectrum disorders from unipolar depression. Therefore, we identified latent symptom dimensions that are unique versus shared across these disorders by examining the joint structure of hypomanic/manic and depressive symptoms in two large samples (i.e., 647 community adults; 1,370 outpatients with unipolar depression or bipolar disorder history). Results across studies suggested that (a) many hypomanic/manic and depressive symptoms (e.g., irritability) are transdiagnostic, but also that (b) symptoms such as increased energy and euphoric mood define a latent specific positive activation dimension that appears more specific to bipolar disorder. We discuss how these results indicate that some symptoms may be more optimal to target than others when trying to distinguish bipolar disorder from unipolar depression, as well as how the identification of relatively disorder-specific symptom types may optimally guide future research on key mechanisms linked to hypomania/mania and depression.

scholarly journals Systematic review of the prevalence of bipolar disorder and bipolar spectrum disorders in population-based studies

2013 ◽  
Vol 35 (2) ◽  
pp. 99-105 ◽  
Author(s):  
José Caetano Dell'Aglio Jr. ◽  
Lissia Ana Basso ◽  
Irani Iracema de Lima Argimon ◽  
Adriane Arteche
Keyword(s):  
Bipolar Disorder ◽  
Bipolar Disorders ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Lifetime Prevalence ◽  
Bipolar Spectrum ◽  
Community Based ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Bipolar Spectrum Disorders ◽  
Final Sample ◽  
Spectrum Disorders

This paper describes the findings of a systematic literature review aimed at providing an overview of the lifetime prevalence of bipolar disorder and bipolar spectrum disorders in population-based studies. Databases MEDLINE, ProQuest, Psychnet, and Web of Science were browsed for papers published in English between 1999 and May 2012 using the following search string: bipolar disorders OR bipolar spectrum disorders AND prevalence OR cross-sectional OR epidemiology AND population-based OR non-clinical OR community based. The search yielded a total of 434 papers, but only those published in peer-reviewed journals and with samples aged ≥ 18 years were included, resulting in a final sample of 18 papers. Results revealed rather heterogeneous findings concerning the prevalence of bipolar disorders and bipolar spectrum disorders. Lifetime prevalence of bipolar disorder ranged from 0.1 to 7.5%, whereas lifetime prevalence of bipolar spectrum disorders ranged from 2.4 to 15.1%. Differences in the rates of bipolar disorder and bipolar spectrum disorders may be related to the consideration of subthreshold criteria upon diagnosis. Differences in the prevalence of different subtypes of the disorder are discussed in light of diagnostic criteria and instruments applied.

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