scholarly journals Higher Cognitive Reserve Is Associated with Better Working Memory Performance and Working-Memory-Related P300 Modulation

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 308
Author(s):  
Gabriela Gutiérrez-Zamora Velasco ◽  
Thalía Fernández ◽  
Juan Silva-Pereyra ◽  
Vicenta Reynoso-Alcántara ◽  
Susana A. Castro-Chavira
Keyword(s):  
Working Memory ◽  
Reading Skills ◽  
Cognitive Reserve ◽  
Memory Performance ◽  
Reading Performance ◽  
Load Level ◽  
Event Related Potential ◽  
P300 Amplitude ◽  
Potential Component ◽  
Neural Efficiency

This study aims to examine how two levels of cognitive reserve, as evidenced by reading syntactic skill, modify performance and neural activity in a two-load-level (high vs. low) working memory (WM) task. Two groups of participants with different reading skills, high and low, were obtained from clustering analysis. We collected the P300 event-related potential component during the performance of the WM Sternberg task. The high reading performance (HRP) group showed a higher percentage of correct answers than the low reading performance (LRP) group in the negative probes of the WM task, which were probe stimuli not included in the memory set presented immediately before. Both groups showed P300 amplitude modulations, that is, larger WM-related P300 amplitudes for low than for high WM loads. Following the behavioral results, the HRP group displayed smaller WM-related amplitude modulations than the LRP group in the negative probes. The findings together suggest that higher levels of reading skill are associated with improved neural efficiency, which reflects in a better working memory performance.

scholarly journals Higher cognitive reserve is associated with better neural efficiency in the cognitive performance of young adults. An event-related potential study

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gabriela Gutiérrez-Zamora Velasco ◽  
Thalía Fernández ◽  
Juan Silva-Pereyra ◽  
Vicenta Reynoso Alcántara
Keyword(s):  
Working Memory ◽  
Young Adults ◽  
Cognitive Performance ◽  
Sentence Processing ◽  
Cognitive Reserve ◽  
Memory Load ◽  
Event Related Potential ◽  
P300 Latency ◽  
Gender Agreement ◽  
Neural Efficiency

AbstractTo examine the effects of cognitive reserve (CR) and working memory (WM) load on the cognitive performance of young adults, we performed two event-related potential (ERP) experiments. The first experiment aims to show how high CR influences young adult performance as a function of two levels of working memory load (high vs. low) during a Sternberg task. For both positive and negative probes, participants with high and low CR showed larger P300 amplitudes to low WM loads than to high WM loads. Both CR groups showed a longer P300 latency to high WM loads than to low WM loads, but this difference was greater for the low CR group than for the high CR group. The high CR group displayed larger P300 amplitudes for every experimental condition compared to the low CR group. The second experiment analyzed grammatical gender agreement in sentence processing when CR and WM load were manipulated. Sentences varied according to the gender agreement of the noun and adjective, where the gender of the adjective either agreed or disagreed with that of the noun (agreement), and with regard to the number of words between the noun and the adjective in the sentence (WM load). Participants with high CR showed greater modulation of left anterior negativity (LAN) and P600a effects as WM increased than that observed in participants with low CR. The findings together suggest that higher levels of cognitive reserve improve neural efficiency, which may result in better working memory performance and sentence processing.

scholarly journals Early Top–Down Control of Visual Processing Predicts Working Memory Performance

2010 ◽  
Vol 22 (6) ◽  
pp. 1224-1234 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aaron M. Rutman ◽  
Wesley C. Clapp ◽  
James Z. Chadick ◽  
Adam Gazzaley
Keyword(s):  
Working Memory ◽  
Selective Attention ◽  
Visual Processing ◽  
Temporal Dynamics ◽  
Memory Performance ◽  
Event Related Potential ◽  
Natural Scenes ◽  
Attention And Memory ◽  
Top Down ◽  
Sensory Neural

Selective attention confers a behavioral benefit on both perceptual and working memory (WM) performance, often attributed to top–down modulation of sensory neural processing. However, the direct relationship between early activity modulation in sensory cortices during selective encoding and subsequent WM performance has not been established. To explore the influence of selective attention on WM recognition, we used electroencephalography to study the temporal dynamics of top–down modulation in a selective, delayed-recognition paradigm. Participants were presented with overlapped, “double-exposed” images of faces and natural scenes, and were instructed to either remember the face or the scene while simultaneously ignoring the other stimulus. Here, we present evidence that the degree to which participants modulate the early P100 (97–129 msec) event-related potential during selective stimulus encoding significantly correlates with their subsequent WM recognition. These results contribute to our evolving understanding of the mechanistic overlap between attention and memory.

Going AWOL in the Brain: Mind Wandering Reduces Cortical Analysis of External Events

2008 ◽  
Vol 20 (3) ◽  
pp. 458-469 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jonathan Smallwood ◽  
Emily Beach ◽  
Jonathan W. Schooler ◽  
Todd C. Handy
Keyword(s):  
External Environment ◽  
Mind Wandering ◽  
Event Related Potential ◽  
Self Report ◽  
P300 Amplitude ◽  
Control Analysis ◽  
Potential Component ◽  
Response Task ◽  
The Mind ◽  
Subjective Reports

Converging evidence from neuroscience suggests that our attention to the outside world waxes and wanes over time. We examined whether these periods of “mind wandering” are associated with reduced cortical analysis of the external environment. Participants performed a sustained attention to response task in which they responded to frequent “nontargets” (digits 0–9) and withheld responses for infrequent “targets” (the letter X). Mind wandering was defined both behaviorally, indicated by a failure to withhold a response to a target, and subjectively, via self-report at a thought probe. The P300 event-related potential component for nontargets was reduced prior to both the behavioral and subjective reports of mind wandering, relative to periods of being “on-task.” Regression analysis of P300 amplitude revealed significant common variance between behavioral and subjective markers of mind wandering, suggesting that both markers reflect a common underlying mental state. Finally, control analysis revealed that the effect of mind wandering on the P300 could not be ascribed to changes in motor activity nor was it associated with general arousal. Our data suggest that when trying to engage attention in a sustained manner, the mind will naturally ebb and flow in the depth of cognitive analysis it applies to events in the external environment.

scholarly journals Mental Rotational Ability Is Correlated with Spatial but Not Verbal Working Memory Performance and P300 Amplitude in Males

PLoS ONE ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. e57390 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gregory J. Christie ◽  
Charles M. Cook ◽  
Brian J. Ward ◽  
Matthew S. Tata ◽  
Janice Sutherland ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Working Memory ◽  
Memory Performance ◽  
Verbal Working Memory ◽  
P300 Amplitude

The Effect of Apolipoprotein E ɛ4 (APOE E4) on Visuospatial Working Memory in Healthy Elders and Amnestic Mild Cognitive Impairment Patients: An Event-related Potentials Study

2017 ◽  
Vol 41 (S1) ◽  
pp. S171-S172 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. Gu
Keyword(s):  
Working Memory ◽  
Apolipoprotein E ◽  
Event Related Potentials ◽  
Event Related Potential ◽  
P300 Amplitude ◽  
Parahippocampal Gyrus ◽  
Time Range ◽  
Visuospatial Working Memory ◽  
Related Potentials ◽  
Competing Interest

IntroductionPrevious studies provided inconsistent evidences for the effect of apolipoprotein E ɛ4 (APOE ɛ4) status on the visuospatial working memory (VSWM). Our study was the first investigation with event-related potential (ERP) to explore the effect of APOE ɛ4 on VSWM in healthy elders and aMCI patients.ObjectiveThe aim was to investigate the effect of APOE ɛ4 on VSWM with event-related potential (ERP) study in healthy elders and aMCI patients.MethodsThirty-nine aMCI patients (27 APOE ɛ4 non-carriers and 12 APOE ɛ4 carriers) and 43 their matched control (25 APOE ɛ4 non-carriers and 18 APOE ɛ4 carriers) performed an N-back task, a VSWM paradigm that manipulated the number of items to be stored in memory.ResultsOur study detected reduced accuracy and delayed mean correct response time in aMCI patients than healthy elders. P300 was elicited by VSWM and its amplitude was lower in aMCI patients at the central-parietal and parietal electrodes than healthy controls. In healthy elders, P300 amplitude declined prior to task performance change in APOE ɛ4 carriers than non-carriers. Regarding aMCI patients, P300 amplitude result revealed exacerbated VSWM deficits in APOE ɛ4 carriers than APOE ɛ4 non-carriers. Additionally, standardized low-resolution brain electromagnetic tomography analysis (s-LORETA) result showed enhanced brain activation in right parahippocampal gyrus during P300 time range in APOE ɛ4 carriers than non-carriers in aMCI patients (Fig. 1, Tables 1 and 2).ConclusionsIt demonstrated that P300 amplitude might serve as a biomarker for recognizing aMCI patients and contribute to early detection of worse VSWM in APOE ɛ4 carriers than non-carriers.Disclosure of interestThe author has not supplied his/her declaration of competing interest.

BIS/BAS Sensitivity and the P300 Event-Related Brain Potential

2007 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 83-90 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ilse M.T. Nijs ◽  
Ingmar H.A. Franken ◽  
Fren T.Y. Smulders
Keyword(s):  
Right Hemisphere ◽  
Event Related Potential ◽  
Behavioral Approach ◽  
P300 Amplitude ◽  
Behavioral Inhibition System ◽  
Externalizing Psychopathology ◽  
Personality Functioning ◽  
Potential Component ◽  
Positive Correlations ◽  
The Right

Abstract. Both a reduced amplitude of the P300 event-related potential component and a highly impulsive personality are known to be strong predictive markers for substance abuse and related psychiatric disorders. Because of this common link to externalizing psychopathology, a significant negative association between the P300 amplitude and personality measures related to behavioral disinhibition is expected. The present study investigated correlations between the visual P300 amplitude and the personality dimensions of Behavioral Approach System (BAS) sensitivity and Behavioral Inhibition System (BIS) sensitivity among healthy subjects (N = 44; mean age = 24 ± 4.93 years). To measure BIS and BAS sensitivity the BIS/BAS scales were used. Significant positive correlations were found between BAS sensitivity and P300 amplitude at both anterior and posterior scalp locations above the right hemisphere. There were no significant correlations between P300 amplitude and BIS sensitivity. Results are discussed in light of the rather inconsistent findings from previous studies investigating P300 amplitude and impulsivity-related measures. It is concluded that a P300 amplitude reduction may be regarded as a general, nonspecific marker for psychopathology and psychopathology-prone personality functioning.

Aerobic Exercise Mediates Neural Inefficiency Among Adolescents At Risk for Suicide

2021 ◽  
pp. 003151252199828
Author(s):  
Eunbi Jeong ◽  
Jinhan Park ◽  
Yujin Kim ◽  
Minjung Woo
Keyword(s):  
Working Memory ◽  
Aerobic Exercise ◽  
Suicide Risk ◽  
Memory Performance ◽  
Memory Task ◽  
Exercise Program ◽  
Exercise Group ◽  
Mediating Effect ◽  
Eeg Coherence ◽  
Neural Efficiency

This study examined the electroencephalograpy (EEG) coherence and working memory performance effects of a 9-week exercise program on a small group of adolescents at high suicide risk. We randomly assigned 26 adolescents at high suicide risk (based on their scores on the Adolescents Mental Health Inventory- AMHI) into equal sized exercise and no-exercise groups. Before and after the 9-week exercise program, all participants performed the Sternberg working memory task, during which we recorded their EEGs, with electrodes placed at F3, F4, C3, C4, P3, P4, T3, T4, O1, and O2 regions (using the International 10-20 system of EEG electrode placement). We measured working memory performance and inter-hemispheric (F3-F4, C3-C4, T3-T4, P3-P4, O1-O2) and intra-hemispheric (F3-C3, F3-T3, F3-P3, F3-O1, F4-C4, F4-T4, F4-P4, F4-O2) EEG coherence as an index of the participants’ underlying neural efficiency. While we found no significant group differences in working memory performances, the exercise group, relative to the no-exercise group, exhibited lower inter- and intra-hemispheric EEG coherence while performing the working memory task. These EEG differences may reflect a mediating effect of aerobic exercise on these participants’ neural efficiency.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document