scholarly journals Sex Differences in Dopamine Receptors and Relevance to Neuropsychiatric Disorders

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (9) ◽  
pp. 1199
Author(s):  
Olivia O. F. Williams ◽  
Madeleine Coppolino ◽  
Susan R. George ◽  
Melissa L. Perreault
Keyword(s):  
Sex Differences ◽  
Dopamine Receptors ◽  
Treatment Strategies ◽  
Neuropsychiatric Disorders ◽  
Receptor Expression ◽  
Pharmacological Interventions ◽  
Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
Dopamine Signaling ◽  
And Function ◽  
Neuropsychiatric Illness

Dopamine is an important neurotransmitter that plays a key role in neuropsychiatric illness. Sex differences in dopaminergic signaling have been acknowledged for decades and have been linked to sex-specific heterogeneity in both dopamine-related behaviours as well as in various neuropsychiatric disorders. However, the overall number of studies that have evaluated sex differences in dopamine signaling, both in health and in these disorders, is low. This review will bring together what is known regarding sex differences in innate dopamine receptor expression and function, as well as highlight the known sex-specific roles of dopamine in addiction, depression, anxiety, schizophrenia, and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. Due to differences in prognosis, diagnosis, and symptomatology between male and female subjects in disorders that involve dopamine signaling, or in responses that utilize pharmacological interventions that target dopamine receptors, understanding the fundamental sex differences in dopamine receptors is of vital importance for the personalization of therapeutic treatment strategies.

Estrogen Deficiency and Colonic Function: Surgical Menopause and Sex Differences in Angiotensin and Dopamine Receptor Interaction

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pablo Garrido-Gil ◽  
Ana I Rodriguez-Perez ◽  
Lucia Lage ◽  
Jose L Labandeira-Garcia
Keyword(s):  
Sex Differences ◽  
Dopamine Receptors ◽  
D2 Receptor ◽  
Renin Angiotensin System ◽  
Receptor Expression ◽  
Oxidative Markers ◽  
Mutual Regulation ◽  
Inflammatory Processes ◽  
Angiotensin Type

Abstract The physiopathological mechanisms that regulate menopausal and sex differences in colonic transit, inflammatory processes, and efficacy of treatments have not been clarified. The dopaminergic system and renin–angiotensin system coexist in the gut and regulate different processes such as motility, absorption/secretion, and inflammation. We investigated the changes in expression of major angiotensin and dopamine receptors in the colon of male, female, and ovariectomized female mice. Possible interaction between both systems was investigated using male and female mice deficient (ko) for major angiotensin and dopamine receptors. In wild-type mice, colonic tissue from females showed lower angiotensin type 1/angiotensin type 2 ratio (an index of pro-inflammatory/anti-inflammatory renin–angiotensin system balance), lower dopamine D1 and D2 receptor expression, and lower levels of pro-inflammatory and pro-oxidative markers relative to males. Interestingly, ovariectomy increased the expression of pro-inflammatory angiotensin type 1 receptor expression and decreased anti-inflammatory angiotensin type 2 receptor expression, increased D1 and D2 receptor expression, and increased the levels of pro-inflammatory and pro-oxidative markers. Ovariectomy-induced changes were blocked by estrogen replacement. The present results suggest a mutual regulation between colonic angiotensin and dopamine receptors and sex differences in this mutual regulation. Estrogen regulates changes in both angiotensin and dopamine receptor expression, which may be involved in sex- and surgical menopause-related effects on gut motility, permeability, and vulnerability to inflammatory processes.

scholarly journals Assessment of tuberous sclerosis-associated neuropsychiatric disorders using the MINI-KID tool: a pediatric cohort study

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yifeng Ding ◽  
Ji Wang ◽  
Hao Zhou ◽  
Taoli Li ◽  
Shuizhen Zhou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tuberous Sclerosis ◽  
Normal Development ◽  
Refractory Epilepsy ◽  
Neuropsychiatric Disorders ◽  
Number Of Children ◽  
Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
Neuropsychiatric Diseases ◽  
Rapid Control ◽  
Development Group ◽  
Neuropsychiatric Illness

Abstract Background: Tuberous sclerosis-associated neuropsychiatric disorders (TANDs) have not been studied before in China. We aimed to assess the psychiatric level of TAND using the Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview for Children (MINI-KID) in China.Results: A total of 83.16% of patients (79/95) had at least one TAND, and 70.53% (67/95) had an intellectual disability. The MINI-KID tool diagnosed a total of 16 neuropsychiatric diseases, the most common of which were attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) (51.58%, 49/95) and social anxiety disorder (41.05%, 39/95). The number of children with neuropsychiatric diseases in the TSC group was significantly greater than the number in the normal development group (p <0.0001). Epilepsy before the age of 2 years, a seizure frequency of more than once a month, and the use of more than 2 antiepileptic drugs were closely associated with the occurrence of TAND.Conclusion: The MINI-KID can be used as a standardized tool to examine the psychiatric level of TANDs in children with TSC aged 6-16 years. The rate of neuropsychiatric diseases in children with TSC reached 83.16%. Early onset of epilepsy, frequent seizures, and refractory epilepsy are risk factors for TAND. Early, reasonable, and rapid control of seizures is related to reducing the risk of neuropsychiatric illness in children with epilepsy.

scholarly journals Gestational Factors throughout Fetal Neurodevelopment: The Serotonin Link

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (16) ◽  
pp. 5850 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sabrina I. Hanswijk ◽  
Marcia Spoelder ◽  
Ling Shan ◽  
Michel M. M. Verheij ◽  
Otto G. Muilwijk ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Brain Development ◽  
Animal Studies ◽  
Fetal Brain ◽  
Neuropsychiatric Disorders ◽  
Autism Spectrum ◽  
Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
Maternal Genotype ◽  
Brain Structure And Function ◽  
And Function ◽  
And Behavior

Serotonin (5-HT) is a critical player in brain development and neuropsychiatric disorders. Fetal 5-HT levels can be influenced by several gestational factors, such as maternal genotype, diet, stress, medication, and immune activation. In this review, addressing both human and animal studies, we discuss how these gestational factors affect placental and fetal brain 5-HT levels, leading to changes in brain structure and function and behavior. We conclude that gestational factors are able to interact and thereby amplify or counteract each other’s impact on the fetal 5-HT-ergic system. We, therefore, argue that beyond the understanding of how single gestational factors affect 5-HT-ergic brain development and behavior in offspring, it is critical to elucidate the consequences of interacting factors. Moreover, we describe how each gestational factor is able to alter the 5-HT-ergic influence on the thalamocortical- and prefrontal-limbic circuitry and the hypothalamo-pituitary-adrenocortical-axis. These alterations have been associated with risks to develop attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, autism spectrum disorders, depression, and/or anxiety. Consequently, the manipulation of gestational factors may be used to combat pregnancy-related risks for neuropsychiatric disorders.

scholarly journals Alteration of the Dopamine Receptors’ Expression in the Cerebellum of the Lysosomal Acid Phosphatase 2 Mutant (Naked–Ataxia (NAX)) Mouse

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (8) ◽  
pp. 2914
Author(s):  
Mehdi Mehdizadeh ◽  
Niloufar Ashtari ◽  
Xiaodan Jiao ◽  
Maryam Rahimi Balaei ◽  
Asghar Marzban ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Acid Phosphatase ◽  
Dopamine Receptors ◽  
Dopaminergic System ◽  
Spontaneous Mutation ◽  
Cerebellar Nuclei ◽  
Receptor Expression ◽  
Gene Expressions ◽  
Lysosomal Acid ◽  
Rnaseq Data ◽  
And Function

A spontaneous mutation in the lysosomal acid phosphatase (Acp2) enzyme (nax: naked–ataxia) in experimental mice results in delayed hair appearance and severe cytoarchitectural impairments of the cerebellum, such as a Purkinje cell (PC) migration defect. In our previous investigation, our team showed that Acp2 expression plans a significant role in cerebellar development. On the other hand, the dopaminergic system is also a player in central nervous system (CNS) development, including cerebellar structure and function. In the current investigation, we have explored how Acp2 can be involved in the regulation of the dopaminergic pathway in the cerebellum via the regulation of dopamine receptor expression and patterning. We provided evidence about the distribution of different dopamine receptors in the developing cerebellum by comparing the expression of dopamine receptors on postnatal days (P) 5 and 17 between nax mice and wild–type (wt) littermates. To this aim, immunohistochemistry and Western blot analysis were conducted using five antibodies against dopamine receptors (DRD1, –2, –3, –4, and –5) accompanied by RNAseq data. Our results revealed that DRD1, –3, and –4 gene expressions significantly increased in nax cerebella but not in wt, while gene expressions of all 5 receptors were evident in PCs of both wt and nax cerebella. DRD3 was strongly expressed in the PCs’ somata and cerebellar nuclei neurons at P17 in nax mice, which was comparable to the expression levels in the cerebella of wt littermates. In addition, DRD3 was expressed in scattered cells in a granular layer reminiscent of Golgi cells and was observed in the wt cerebella but not in nax mice. DRD4 was expressed in a subset of PCs and appeared to align with the unique parasagittal stripes pattern. This study contributes to our understanding of alterations in the expression pattern of DRDs in the cerebellum of nax mice in comparison to their wt littermates, and it highlights the role of Acp2 in regulating the dopaminergic system.

scholarly journals Sex Differences in the Neuropeptide Y System and Implications for Stress Related Disorders

Biomolecules ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (9) ◽  
pp. 1248 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roxanna J. Nahvi ◽  
Esther L. Sabban
Keyword(s):  
Sex Differences ◽  
Neuropeptide Y ◽  
Stress Disorder ◽  
Neuropsychiatric Disorders ◽  
Receptor Expression ◽  
Knock Out ◽  
Npy Receptor ◽  
Promising Therapeutic Target ◽  
The Brain

The neuropeptide Y (NPY) system is emerging as a promising therapeutic target for neuropsychiatric disorders by intranasal delivery to the brain. However, the vast majority of underlying research has been performed with males despite females being twice as susceptible to many stress-triggered disorders such as posttraumatic stress disorder, depression, anorexia nervosa, and anxiety disorders. Here, we review sex differences in the NPY system in basal and stressed conditions and how it relates to varied susceptibility to stress-related disorders. The majority of studies demonstrate that NPY expression in many brain areas under basal, unstressed conditions is lower in females than in males. This could put them at a disadvantage in dealing with stress. Knock out animals and Flinders genetic models show that NPY is important for attenuating depression in both sexes, while its effects on anxiety appear more pronounced in males. In females, NPY expression after exposure to stress may depend on age, timing, and nature and duration of the stressors and may be especially pronounced in the catecholaminergic systems. Furthermore, alterations in NPY receptor expression and affinity may contribute to the sex differences in the NPY system. Overall, the review highlights the important role of NPY and sex differences in manifestation of neuropsychiatric disorders.

Role of the 807 C/T Polymorphism of the α2 Gene in Platelet GP Ia Collagen Receptor Expression and Function

1999 ◽  
Vol 81 (06) ◽  
pp. 951-956 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Corral ◽  
R. González-Conejero ◽  
J. Rivera ◽  
F. Ortuño ◽  
P. Aparicio ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Venous Thrombosis ◽  
Cell Types ◽  
Receptor Expression ◽  
Case Control Studies ◽  
Platelet Surface ◽  
Vitro Analysis ◽  
And Function ◽  
In Vitro Analysis

SummaryThe variability of the platelet GP Ia/IIa density has been associated with the 807 C/T polymorphism (Phe 224) of the GP Ia gene in American Caucasian population. We have investigated the genotype and allelic frequencies of this polymorphism in Spanish Caucasians. The T allele was found in 35% of the 284 blood donors analyzed. We confirmed in 159 healthy subjects a significant association between the 807 C/T polymorphism and the platelet GP Ia density. The T allele correlated with high number of GP Ia molecules on platelet surface. In addition, we observed a similar association of this polymorphism with the expression of this protein in other blood cell types. The platelet responsiveness to collagen was determined by “in vitro” analysis of the platelet activation and aggregation response. We found no significant differences in these functional platelet parameters according to the 807 C/T genotype. Finally, results from 3 case/control studies involving 302 consecutive patients (101 with coronary heart disease, 104 with cerebrovascular disease and 97 with deep venous thrombosis) determined that the 807 C/T polymorphism of the GP Ia gene does not represent a risk factor for arterial or venous thrombosis.

P2 receptor expression signaling and function in osteoclasts

10.2741/s214 ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol S3 (3) ◽  
pp. 1101-1118
Author(s):  
S. Jeffrey Dixon
Keyword(s):  
Receptor Expression ◽  
P2 Receptor ◽  
And Function
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