scholarly journals Sensory-Motor Modulations of EEG Event-Related Potentials Reflect Walking-Related Macro-Affordances

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (11) ◽  
pp. 1506
Author(s):  
Annalisa Tosoni ◽  
Emanuele Cosimo Altomare ◽  
Marcella Brunetti ◽  
Pierpaolo Croce ◽  
Filippo Zappasodi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Functional Organization ◽  
Sensory Information ◽  
Event Related Potentials ◽  
Stimulus Presentation ◽  
Fundamental Principle ◽  
Facilitation Effect ◽  
Extrapersonal Space ◽  
Sensory Motor ◽  
Related Potentials

One fundamental principle of the brain functional organization is the elaboration of sensory information for the specification of action plans that are most appropriate for interaction with the environment. Using an incidental go/no-go priming paradigm, we have previously shown a facilitation effect for the execution of a walking-related action in response to far vs. near objects/locations in the extrapersonal space, and this effect has been called “macro-affordance” to reflect the role of locomotion in the coverage of extrapersonal distance. Here, we investigated the neurophysiological underpinnings of such an effect by recording scalp electroencephalography (EEG) from 30 human participants during the same paradigm. The results of a whole-brain analysis indicated a significant modulation of the event-related potentials (ERPs) both during prime and target stimulus presentation. Specifically, consistent with a mechanism of action anticipation and automatic activation of affordances, a stronger ERP was observed in response to prime images framing the environment from a far vs. near distance, and this modulation was localized in dorso-medial motor regions. In addition, an inversion of polarity for far vs. near conditions was observed during the subsequent target period in dorso-medial parietal regions associated with spatially directed foot-related actions. These findings were interpreted within the framework of embodied models of brain functioning as arising from a mechanism of motor-anticipation and subsequent prediction error which was guided by the preferential affordance relationship between the distant large-scale environment and locomotion. More in general, our findings reveal a sensory-motor mechanism for the processing of walking-related environmental affordances.

scholarly journals Eliciting and Recording Event Related Potentials (ERPs) in Behaviourally Unresponsive Populations: A Retrospective Commentary on Critical Factors

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (7) ◽  
pp. 835
Author(s):  
Alexander Rokos ◽  
Richard Mah ◽  
Rober Boshra ◽  
Amabilis Harrison ◽  
Tsee Leng Choy ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Event Related Potentials ◽  
Stimulus Presentation ◽  
Event Related Potential ◽  
Critical Factors ◽  
Healthy Elderly ◽  
States Of Consciousness ◽  
Long Latency ◽  
Eeg Data ◽  
Related Potentials ◽  
The Relationship

A consistent limitation when designing event-related potential paradigms and interpreting results is a lack of consideration of the multivariate factors that affect their elicitation and detection in behaviorally unresponsive individuals. This paper provides a retrospective commentary on three factors that influence the presence and morphology of long-latency event-related potentials—the P3b and N400. We analyze event-related potentials derived from electroencephalographic (EEG) data collected from small groups of healthy youth and healthy elderly to illustrate the effect of paradigm strength and subject age; we analyze ERPs collected from an individual with severe traumatic brain injury to illustrate the effect of stimulus presentation speed. Based on these critical factors, we support that: (1) the strongest paradigms should be used to elicit event-related potentials in unresponsive populations; (2) interpretation of event-related potential results should account for participant age; and (3) speed of stimulus presentation should be slower in unresponsive individuals. The application of these practices when eliciting and recording event-related potentials in unresponsive individuals will help to minimize result interpretation ambiguity, increase confidence in conclusions, and advance the understanding of the relationship between long-latency event-related potentials and states of consciousness.

scholarly journals Expect the unexpected: Processing of sensory information in the anticipation of predictable and unpredictable threats

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 80-115
Author(s):  
Eva Koderman
Keyword(s):  
Sensory Information ◽  
Event Related Potentials ◽  
Perceived Threat ◽  
Subject Design ◽  
Unpleasant Picture ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Attentional Engagement ◽  
Related Potentials ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Threat Of Shock

Abstract Anxiety is characterized by a sustained state of heightened vigilance due to uncertain danger, producing increased attention to a perceived threat in one's environment. To further examine this exploited the temporal resolution afforded by event-related potentials to investigate the impact of predictability of threat on early perceptual activity. We recruited 28 participants and utilized a within-subject design to examine hypervigilance in anticipation of shock, unpleasant picture and unpleasant sound during a task with unpredictable, predictable and no threat. We investigated if habituation to stimuli was present by asking the participants to rate unpleasantness and intensity of the stimuli before and after the experiment. We observed hypervigilance in the unpredictable threat of shock. Habituation was observed for the visual stimuli. The present study suggests that unpredictability enhances attentional engagement with neutral somatosensory stimuli when the threat is of the same modality, meaning we observed the presence of hypervigilance which is a characteristic of anxiety.

scholarly journals Modeling Nonlinear Transfer Functions from Speech Envelopes to Encephalography with Neural Networks

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 1 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tobias de Taillez ◽  
Florian Denk ◽  
Bojana Mirkovic ◽  
Birger Kollmeier ◽  
Bernd T. Meyer
Keyword(s):  
Neural Network ◽  
Neural Networks ◽  
Artificial Neural Network ◽  
Linear Models ◽  
Transfer Functions ◽  
Event Related Potentials ◽  
Stimulus Presentation ◽  
Related Potentials ◽  
Linear And Nonlinear ◽  
Artificial Neural

Diferent linear models have been proposed to establish a link between an auditory stimulus and the neurophysiological response obtained through electroencephalography (EEG). We investigate if non-linear mappings can be modeled with deep neural networks trained on continuous speech envelopes and EEG data obtained in an auditory attention two-speaker scenario. An artificial neural network was trained to predict the EEG response related to the attended and unattended speech envelopes. After training, the properties of the DNN-based model are analyzed by measuring the transfer function between input envelopes and predicted EEG signals by using click-like stimuli and frequency sweeps as input patterns. Using sweep responses allows to separate the linear and nonlinear response components also with respect to attention. The responses from the model trained on normal speech resemble event-related potentials despite the fact that the DNN was not trained to reproduce such patterns. These responses are modulated by attention, since we obtain significantly lower amplitudes at latencies of 110 ms, 170 ms and 300 ms after stimulus presentation for unattended processing in contrast to the attended. The comparison of linear and nonlinear components indicates that the largest contribution arises from linear processing (75%), while the remaining 25% are attributed to nonlinear processes in the model. Further, a spectral analysis showed a stronger 5 Hz component in modeled EEG for attended in contrast to unattended predictions. The results indicate that the artificial neural network produces responses consistent with recent findings and presents a new approach for quantifying the model properties.

Low-dimensional versus high-dimensional chaos in brain function – is it an and/or issue?

2001 ◽  
Vol 24 (5) ◽  
pp. 823-824 ◽  
Author(s):  
Márk Molnár
Keyword(s):  
Brain Function ◽  
Sensory Information ◽  
Event Related Potentials ◽  
Cognitive Effort ◽  
Neural Systems ◽  
Sensory Information Processing ◽  
Related Potentials ◽  
Dimensional Complexity ◽  
Low Dimensional ◽  
The Brain

We discuss whether low-dimensional chaos and even nonlinear processes can be traced in the electrical activity of the brain. Experimental data show that the dimensional complexity of the EEG decreases during event-related potentials associated with cognitive effort. This probably represents increased nonlinear cooperation between different neural systems during sensory information processing.

scholarly journals Cortical Auditory Disorders: A Case of Non-Verbal Disturbances Assessed with Event-Related Brain Potentials

1998 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 55-73 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sönke Johannes ◽  
Michael E. Jöbges ◽  
Reinhard Dengler ◽  
Thomas F. Münte
Keyword(s):  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Hemispheric Specialization ◽  
Sensory Information ◽  
Event Related Potentials ◽  
Absolute Pitch ◽  
Oddball Paradigm ◽  
Auditory Modality ◽  
Related Potentials ◽  
Sensory Processes ◽  
Auditory Disorders

In the auditory modality, there has been a considerable debate about some aspects of cortical disorders, especially about auditory forms of agnosia. Agnosia refers to an impaired comprehension of sensory information in the absence of deficits in primary sensory processes. In the non-verbal domain, sound agnosia and amusia have been reported but are frequently accompanied by language deficits whereas pure deficits are rare. Absolute pitch and musicians’ musical abilities have been associated with left hemispheric functions. We report the case of a right handed sound engineer with the absolute pitch who developed sound agnosia and amusia in the absence of verbal deficits after a right perisylvian stroke. His disabilities were assessed with the Seashore Test of Musical Functions, the tests of Wertheim and Botez (Wertheim and Botez, Brain 84, 1961, 19–30) and by event-related potentials (ERP) recorded in a modified 'oddball paradigm’. Auditory ERP revealed a dissociation between the amplitudes of the P3a and P3b subcomponents with the P3b being reduced in amplitude while the P3a was undisturbed. This is interpreted as reflecting disturbances in target detection processes as indexed by the P3b. The findings that contradict some aspects of current knowledge about left/right hemispheric specialization in musical processing are discussed and related to the literature concerning cortical auditory disorders.

scholarly journals DOUBLE-NUMBER MARKING MATTERS FOR BOTH L1 AND L2 PROCESSING OF NONLOCAL AGREEMENT SIMILARLY

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-21
Author(s):  
Yesi Cheng ◽  
Ian Cunnings ◽  
David Miller ◽  
Jason Rothman
Keyword(s):  
Event Related Potentials ◽  
Facilitation Effect ◽  
Number Agreement ◽  
Number Marking ◽  
Grammaticality Judgment ◽  
L2 Processing ◽  
English Second Language ◽  
Related Potentials ◽  
Double Number ◽  
L1 And L2

Abstract The present study uses event-related potentials (ERPs) to examine nonlocal agreement processing between native (L1) English speakers and Chinese–English second language (L2) learners, whose L1 lacks number agreement. We manipulated number marking with determiners (the vs. that/these) to see how determiner-specification influences both native and nonnative processing downstream for verbal number agreement. Behavioral and ERP results suggest both groups detected nonlocal agreement violations, indexed by a P600 effect. Moreover, the manipulation of determiner-number specification revealed a facilitation effect across the board in both grammaticality judgment and ERP responses for both groups: increased judgment accuracy and a larger P600 effect amplitude for sentences containing violations with demonstratives rather than bare determiners. Contrary to some claims regarding the potential for nonnative processing, the present data suggest that L1 and L2 speakers show similar ERP responses when processing agreement, even when the L1 lacks the relevant distinction.

scholarly journals EVENT-RELATED POTENTIALS IN CHILDREN WITH CEREBRAL PALSY

2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 95-100
Author(s):  
V. V Dul’nev ◽  
L. A Avrasina
Keyword(s):  
Cerebral Palsy ◽  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Sensory Information ◽  
Event Related Potentials ◽  
Objective Evaluation ◽  
Main Group ◽  
Healthy Children ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Children With Cerebral Palsy ◽  
Related Potentials

Introducion. Children with cerebral palsy demonstrate high prevalence of the cognitive impairment (CI). One of the key components of CI pathogenesis is sensory disafferentation. Aim. The goal of this investigation is to perform comparative analysis of event-related potentials (ERP) in children with CP and in healthy children. Materials and methods. A total of 30 children with CP (mean age 8.9 ± 0.84 year) and 44 healthy subjects (mean age 9.5 ± 0.60 years) were observed. Registration and comparative analysis of the acoustic ERP were performed with the use of non-parametric tests. Results. The decrease in age-related ERP latencies was slower in the main group. Significant elongation of ERP latencies was also observed in the main group, despite the clinical absence of cognitive decline. Conclusions. Our findings confirm the theory of sensory information cortical processing delay in children with CP. More investigations should be performed for the assessment of reliability of the ERP in the objective evaluation of CI level.

scholarly journals Increasing the Mobility of EEG Data Collection Using a Latte Panda Computer

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jonathan W. P. Kuziek ◽  
Eden X. Redman ◽  
Graeme D. Splinter ◽  
Kyle E. Mathewson
Keyword(s):  
Data Collection ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Event Related Potentials ◽  
Stimulus Presentation ◽  
Laptop Computer ◽  
Muscle Movement ◽  
Auditory Oddball ◽  
Processing Power ◽  
Eeg Data ◽  
Related Potentials

AbstractBackgroundElectroencephalography (EEG) experiments often require several computers to ensure accurate stimulus presentation and data collection. However, this requirement can make it more difficult to perform such experiments in mobile settings within, or outside, the laboratoryNew MethodComputer miniaturisation and increasing processing power allow for EEG experiments to become more portable. Our goal is to show that a Latte Panda, a small Windows 10 computer, can be used to accurately collect EEG data in a similar manner to a laptop. Using a stationary bike, we also demonstrate that the Latte Panda will allow for more portable EEG experiments.ResultsSignificant and reliable MMN and P3 responses, event-related potentials (ERPs) typically associated with auditory oddball tasks, were observed and were consistent when using either the laptop or Latte Panda for EEG data collection. Similar MMN and P3 ERPs were also measured in the sitting and stationary biking conditions while using a Latte Panda for data collection.Comparison with Existing MethodData recorded by the Latte Panda computer produced comparable and equally reliable results to the laptop. As well, similar ERPs during sitting and biking would suggest that EEG experiments can be conducted in more mobile situations despite the increased noise and artefacts associated with muscle movement.ConclusionsOur results show that the Latte Panda is a low-cost, more portable alternative to a laptop computer for recording EEG data. Such a device will further allow for more portable and mobile EEG experimentation in a wider variety of environments.

scholarly journals Perceptual Expectations do not Modulate Image Repetition Effects as Measured by Event-Related Potentials

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel Feuerriegel ◽  
Owen Churches ◽  
Scott Coussens ◽  
Hannah A. D. Keage
Keyword(s):  
Event Related Potentials ◽  
Stimulus Presentation ◽  
Repetition Effect ◽  
Stimulus Onset ◽  
List Type ◽  
Stimulus Repetition ◽  
Repetition Effects ◽  
Neuron Response ◽  
Repetition Suppression ◽  
Related Potentials

AbstractRepeated stimulus presentation leads to complex changes in cortical neuron response properties, commonly known as repetition suppression or stimulus-specific adaptation. Circuit-based models of repetition suppression provide a framework for investigating patterns of repetition effects that propagate through cortical hierarchies. To further develop such models it is critical to determine whether (and if so, when) repetition effects are modulated by top-down influences, such as those related to perceptual expectation. We investigated this by presenting pairs of repeated and alternating face images, and orthogonally manipulating expectations regarding the likelihood of stimulus repetition. Event-related potentials (ERPs) were recorded from n=39 healthy adults, to map the spatiotemporal progression of stimulus repetition and expectation effects, and interactions between these factors, using mass univariate analyses. We also tested whether the ability to predict unrepeated (compared to repeated) face identities could influence the magnitude of observed repetition effects, by presenting separate blocks with predictable and unpredictable alternating faces. Multiple repetition and expectation effects were identified between 99-800ms from stimulus onset, which did not statistically interact at any point. Repetition effects in blocks with predictable alternating faces were smaller than in unpredictable alternating face blocks between 117-179ms and 506-652ms, and larger between 246-428ms. ERP repetition effects appear not to be modulated by perceptual expectations, supporting separate mechanisms for repetition and expectation suppression. However, previous studies that aimed to test for repetition effects, in which the repeated (but not unrepeated) stimulus was predictable, are likely to have conflated repetition and stimulus predictability effects.Highlights- ERP face image repetition effects were apparent between 99-800ms from stimulus onset- Expectations of stimulus image properties did not modulate face repetition effects- The predictability of unrepeated stimuli influenced repetition effect magnitudes

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