scholarly journals In Time with the Beat: Entrainment in Patients with Phonological Impairment, Apraxia of Speech, and Parkinson’s Disease

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (11) ◽  
pp. 1524
Author(s):  
Ingrid Aichert ◽  
Katharina Lehner ◽  
Simone Falk ◽  
Mona Späth ◽  
Mona Franke ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Research Question ◽  
Speech Sound ◽  
Speech Disorders ◽  
Stress Pattern ◽  
Sentence Completion ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Apraxia Of Speech ◽  
Response Latencies ◽  
Speech Rhythm ◽  
Target Words

In the present study, we investigated if individuals with neurogenic speech sound impairments of three types, Parkinson’s dysarthria, apraxia of speech, and aphasic phonological impairment, accommodate their speech to the natural speech rhythm of an auditory model, and if so, whether the effect is more significant after hearing metrically regular sentences as compared to those with an irregular pattern. This question builds on theories of rhythmic entrainment, assuming that sensorimotor predictions of upcoming events allow humans to synchronize their actions with an external rhythm. To investigate entrainment effects, we conducted a sentence completion task relating participants’ response latencies to the spoken rhythm of the prime heard immediately before. A further research question was if the perceived rhythm interacts with the rhythm of the participants’ own productions, i.e., the trochaic or iambic stress pattern of disyllabic target words. For a control group of healthy speakers, our study revealed evidence for entrainment when trochaic target words were preceded by regularly stressed prime sentences. Persons with Parkinson’s dysarthria showed a pattern similar to that of the healthy individuals. For the patient groups with apraxia of speech and with phonological impairment, considerably longer response latencies with differing patterns were observed. Trochaic target words were initiated with significantly shorter latencies, whereas the metrical regularity of prime sentences had no consistent impact on response latencies and did not interact with the stress pattern of the target words to be produced. The absence of an entrainment in these patients may be explained by the more severe difficulties in initiating speech at all. We discuss the results in terms of clinical implications for diagnostics and therapy in neurogenic speech disorders.

scholarly journals Atraso motor de fala não especificado: revisão integrativa

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (10) ◽  
pp. e2249108480
Author(s):  
Gabriela Brum dos Santos ◽  
Marileda Barichello Gubiani ◽  
Leticia Arruda Nóro ◽  
Helena Bolli Mota
Keyword(s):  
Motor Control ◽  
Speech Sound ◽  
Speech Disorders ◽  
Speech Motor Control ◽  
Apraxia Of Speech ◽  
Speech Sound Disorder ◽  
Childhood Apraxia Of Speech ◽  
Motor Speech ◽  
Motor Speech Disorders ◽  
Speech Motor

Objetivo: realizar uma revisão bibliográfica sobre o atraso motor de fala não especificado, como ele é avaliado e ainda como se diferencia de outras desordens motoras da fala. Estratégia de pesquisa: Trata-se de uma revisão integrativa da literatura. Realizou-se a busca nas bases SciELO, PubMed, Medine e Scopus no mês de novembro de 2019. Para as quatro bases foram utilizados os seguintes construtos e descritores: “motor speech disorders” OR “childhood apraxia of speech” OR “childhood apraxia of speech cas” OR “developmental dyspraxia” OR “speech sound disorder” AND “speech motor control”, além da utilização de dois filtros: sujeitos até 18 anos e humanos. Critérios de seleção: Artigos publicados em português, inglês ou espanhol foram incluídos, sendo ou não de periódicos de acesso livre. Foram excluídos artigos que não estavam relacionados ao atraso motor de fala não especificado e estudos de revisão de literatura. Resultados: Foram encontrados56 artigos nas bases de dados, sendo 33 da base Scopus, 19 da PubMed, 3 da SciElo e 1 da Medline. Após análise e seleção pelos critérios de inclusão, foram selecionados 14 estudos. Posteriormente a leitura integral dos artigos, 8 estudos foram excluídos, pois não respondiam as perguntas norteadoras da pesquisa, obtendo-se um n de 6 estudos. Conclusão: Muitas crianças com atraso significativo na fala são diagnosticadas erroneamente, sendo o DMS-NOS a desordem de maior prevalência na infância.

scholarly journals The Application of Visual Vocabulary for ESL Students’ Vocabulary Learning

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohd Haniff Mohd Tahir ◽  
Intan Safinas Mohd Ariff Albakri ◽  
Airil Haimi Mohd Adnan ◽  
Mohamad Syafiq Ya Shaq ◽  
Dianna Suzieanna Mohamad Shah
Keyword(s):  
English Language ◽  
Vocabulary Learning ◽  
Research Question ◽  
T Test ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Esl Students ◽  
Paired Sample ◽  
Main Research ◽  
Visual Vocabulary ◽  
Target Words

Vocabulary is often neglected despite being one of the most crucial aspects of language acquisition. Due to the lack of emphasis on vocabulary learning, ESL students have issues in learning the English language effectively, which resulted in low-level language proficiency. Hence, this paper attempts to address this problem by introducing Visual Vocabulary to learn the target words. The main research question: How effective is the use of the Visual Vocabulary to learn vocabulary for Form Two learners? To investigate the effectiveness of the use of the Visual Vocabulary, 60 students of Form Two from sub-urban schools in Ipoh and Teluk Intan, Perak, were selected. These students were instructed to learn a total of 45 target words and Visual Vocabulary was applied to assist them to learn and simultaneously understand the meaning of the target words. The independent sample t-test, paired sample t-test, and descriptive statistics were used to analyze the scores of the pre and post-tests. The score comparison and total improvement score in percentage were also presented. The paired sample t-test results are (t=-17.85, df=29, p<.05) for the experimental group and (t=-4.85, df=29, p<.05) for the control group. Based on the stated results, both experimental and control groups improved significantly (p=.000*) in the post-test with a mean difference of 15.62. The results of this study confirm the effectiveness of Visual Vocabulary in learning and understanding the target words. This approach is proven to increase the success rate of vocabulary learning among ESL learners.

The Labeling Problem in Aphasia

1986 ◽  
Vol 51 (2) ◽  
pp. 176-180 ◽  
Author(s):  
Audrey L. Holland ◽  
Davida Fromm ◽  
Carol S. Swindell
Keyword(s):  
Speech Disorders ◽  
Case Description ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Apraxia Of Speech ◽  
Poor Agreement ◽  
Motor Speech ◽  
Motor Speech Disorders ◽  
Communication Difficulties ◽  
Token Test ◽  
Primary Problem

Twenty-five "experts" on neurogenic motor speech disorders participated in a tutorial exercise. Each was given information on M, a patient who had communication difficulties as the result of stroke, and asked to complete a questionnaire about his problem. The information included a detailed case description, an audiotape of M's speech obtained at 4, 9, 13, and 17 days post-stroke, and test results from the Western Aphasia Battery, the Token Test, and a battery for apraxia of speech. The experts were in excellent agreement on M's primary problem, although it was called by seven different names. The experts were in poor agreement on his secondary problem(s), e.g., the presence and type of aphasia and dysarthria. The results suggest that labeling is difficult, even for "experts." Furthermore, the practicing clinician needs to be sensitive to the likelihood of more than one coexisting problem.

Lexical and phonological development in children with childhood apraxia of speech – a commentary on Stoel-Gammon's ‘Relationships between lexical and phonological development in young children’*

2010 ◽  
Vol 38 (1) ◽  
pp. 82-86 ◽  
Author(s):  
SHELLEY L. VELLEMAN
Keyword(s):  
Young Children ◽  
Speech Sound ◽  
Interesting Case ◽  
Prognostic Indicators ◽  
Phonological Development ◽  
Apraxia Of Speech ◽  
Speech Sound Disorders ◽  
Childhood Apraxia Of Speech ◽  
Motor Speech Disorder ◽  
Remediation Strategies

Although not the focus of her article, phonological development in young children with speech sound disorders of various types is highly germane to Stoel-Gammon's discussion (this issue) for at least two primary reasons. Most obvious is that typical processes and milestones of phonological development are the standards and benchmarks against which we measure disorder and delay. Factors that impact children without disorders may suggest underlying causes or co-occurring symptoms of speech sound deficits, prognostic indicators of improvement, appropriate remediation strategies or some combination of these. Equally important is the fact that studying children with disorders can help us to verify and, in some cases, even unpack relationships among factors that are so closely interwoven in children who develop their phonologies at the typically very rapid rate that their individual influences cannot be discerned. Childhood Apraxia of Speech (CAS) is a particularly interesting case in point because, while it is universally accepted to be a motor speech disorder, symptoms include deficits in speech perception and often in literacy-related skills as well.

scholarly journals Quality of life in siblings of autistic patients

2005 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
pp. 67-69 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adriana Regina Ferreira Marciano ◽  
Cláudia Ines Scheuer
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Mental Disorder ◽  
Speech Disorders ◽  
Speech Disorder ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Psychiatric Diseases ◽  
Inclusion Criteria ◽  
Exclusion Criteria ◽  
School Exclusion

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the Quality of Life (QoL) among siblings of autistic patients. METHODS: Casuistic: siblings of autistic patients (n = 31) and, as a control group, siblings of patients with speech disorder (n = 30). Inclusion criteria: age between 7 and 11 years old; absence of current mental disorder; regular attendance to school. Exclusion criteria: antecedents of clinical or psychiatric diseases; disabilities (visual, auditive or motor); antecedents of cognitive and/or intelligence disabilities. Instruments included a questionnaire which evaluated the quality of life in a subjective way. RESULTS: it was observed worse QoL among siblings of autistic patients (p = 0.000). CONCLUSION: The hypothesis that the quality of life was compromised in children (aged 7 to 11) by the presence of an autistic sibling was confirmed, and was worse than that of siblings of children with speech disorders.

Generalization of Sensory Auditory Learning to Top-Down Skills in a Randomized Controlled Trial

2015 ◽  
Vol 26 (01) ◽  
pp. 019-029 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cristina B. Murphy ◽  
Andressa K. Peres ◽  
Elaine C. Zachi ◽  
Dora F. Ventura ◽  
Luciana Pagan-Neves ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Speech Sound ◽  
Auditory Training ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Typically Developing ◽  
Speech Sound Disorder ◽  
Top Down ◽  
Significant Group ◽  
Attention Skills ◽  
Sensory Training

Background: Research has shown that auditory training improves auditory sensory skills; however, it is unclear whether this improvement is transferred to top-down skills, such as memory, attention, and language, and whether it depends on group characteristics in regard to memory and attention skills. Purpose: The primary goal of this research was to investigate the generalization of learning from auditory sensory skills to top-down skills such as memory, attention, and language. We also aimed to compare whether this generalization process occurs in the same way among typically developing children and children with speech sound disorder. Research Design: This study was a randomized controlled trial. Study Sample: Typically developing 7- to 12-yr-old children and children with speech sound disorder were separated into four groups: a trained control group (TDT; n = 10, age 9.6 ± 2.0 yr), a nontrained control group (TDNT; n = 11, age 8.2 ± 1.6 yr), a trained study group (SSDT; n = 10, age 7.7 ± 1.2 yr), and a nontrained study group (SSDNT; n = 8, age 8.6 ± 1.2 yr). Intervention: Both trained groups underwent a computerized, nonverbal auditory training that focused on frequency discrimination, ordering, and backward-masking tasks. The training consisted of twelve 45 min sessions, once a week, for a total of 9 hr of training, approximately. Data Collection and Analysis: Near-transfer (Gap-In-Noise [GIN] and Frequency Pattern Test) and far-transfer measures (auditory and visual sustained attention tests, phonological working memory and language tests) were applied before and after training. The results were analyzed using a 2 × 2 × 2 mixed-model analysis of variance with the group and training as the between-group variables and the period as the within-group variable. The significance threshold was p ≤ 0.05. Results: There was a group × period × training interaction for GIN [F (1.35) = 7.18, p = 0.011], indicating a significant threshold reduction only for the TDT group (Tukey multiple comparisons). There was a significant group × period interaction [F (1.35) = 5.52, p = 0.025] and a training × period interaction for visual reaction time [F (1.35) = 4.20, p = 0.048], indicating improvement in the SSDT group and worsening in both nontrained groups. There was also a significant group × training × period interaction [F (1.35) = 4.27, p = 0.046] for the auditory false alarms, with a significant improvement after training only for the SSDT group. Analysis of variance also revealed that all groups exhibited approximately the same level of gains for all measures, except for GIN [F (3,38) = 4.261, p = 0.011] and visual response time [F (3.38) = 4.069, p = 0.014]. Conclusions: After training, the TDT group demonstrated a significant improvement for GIN and the SSDT exhibited the same for sustained attention, indicating learning generalization from an auditory sensory training to a top-down skill. For the other measures, all groups exhibited approximately the same level of gains, indicating the presence of a test-retest effect. Our findings also show that the memory span was not related to the learning generalization process given that the SSDT exhibited a more pronounced gain in attention skills after the sensory training.

scholarly journals Implementing a Cultural Model to Increase English-Language Proficiency at an International College

2018 ◽  
Vol 23 (2) ◽  
pp. 49
Author(s):  
Janice Lee Scarinci ◽  
Edward Howell
Keyword(s):  
Language Proficiency ◽  
Emerging Economies ◽  
English Language ◽  
Research Question ◽  
English Language Proficiency ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Cultural Model ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
International College ◽  
And Control

Research Question: The purpose of this study was to determine whether the addition of an American Cultural Model to an existing English as a Second Language (ESL) program improved the performance of international students.  Idea: The English language proficiency is essential for students in global emerging economies in order to be competitive, and our study can be generalized to learning other languages within the respective cultural model. Motivation: The results of our study can be applied to higher education worldwide since currently the international business language is English.  Data: The data collected were analyzed and interpreted to determine whether cultural training improved scores on the Test of English as a Foreign Language (TOEFL).  Tools: Two groups of incoming students were compared as the treatment and control groups, using the t-test with appropriate statistical package. Findings: Data analysis showed a statistically significant difference in TOEFL scores between the control group and the experimental group benefiting from the implementation of the Introduction of the American Cultural Model. Contribution: The English language proficiency is essential for students in global emerging economies in order for them to be competitive, and our study can be generalized to learning other languages within a respective cultural model.

Treating Speech Subsystems in Childhood Apraxia of Speech With Tactual Input: The PROMPT Approach

2013 ◽  
Vol 22 (4) ◽  
pp. 644-661 ◽  
Author(s):  
Philip S. Dale ◽  
Deborah A. Hayden
Keyword(s):  
Standardized Tests ◽  
Treatment Approach ◽  
Speech Sound ◽  
Apraxia Of Speech ◽  
Speech Sound Disorders ◽  
Childhood Apraxia Of Speech ◽  
Motor Speech ◽  
Within Subjects ◽  
Speech Control ◽  
Criterion Referenced

Purpose Prompts for Restructuring Oral Muscular Phonetic Targets (PROMPT; Hayden, 2004; Hayden, Eigen, Walker, & Olsen, 2010)—a treatment approach for the improvement of speech sound disorders in children—uses tactile-kinesthetic-proprioceptive (TKP) cues to support and shape movements of the oral articulators. No research to date has systematically examined the efficacy of PROMPT for children with childhood apraxia of speech (CAS). Method Four children (ages 3;6 [years;months] to 4;8), all meeting the American Speech-Language-Hearing Association (2007) criteria for CAS, were treated using PROMPT. All children received 8 weeks of 2 × per week treatment, including at least 4 weeks of full PROMPT treatment that included TKP cues. During the first 4 weeks, 2 of the 4 children received treatment that included all PROMPT components except TKP cues. This design permitted both between-subjects and within-subjects comparisons to evaluate the effect of TKP cues. Gains in treatment were measured by standardized tests and by criterion-referenced measures based on the production of untreated probe words, reflecting change in speech movements and auditory perceptual accuracy. Results All 4 children made significant gains during treatment, but measures of motor speech control and untreated word probes provided evidence for more gain when TKP cues were included. Conclusion PROMPT as a whole appears to be effective for treating children with CAS, and the inclusion of TKP cues appears to facilitate greater effect.

The Effectiveness of Action Observation Therapy Based on Mirror Neuron Theory in Chinese Patients with Apraxia of Speech after Stroke

2019 ◽  
Vol 81 (5-6) ◽  
pp. 278-286
Author(s):  
Li You ◽  
Yao Wang ◽  
Wenli Chen ◽  
Sicong Zhang ◽  
Jiang Rao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Action Observation ◽  
Mirror Neuron ◽  
Assessment Method ◽  
Chinese Patients ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Apraxia Of Speech ◽  
Language Therapy ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Neuron Theory ◽  
Experimental Group

Objective: The present study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of action observation therapy (AOT) on apraxia of speech (AOS) in patients after stroke. Materials and Methods: Forty-two patients diagnosed with AOS after stroke were randomly divided into an experimental group (n = 21) and a control group (n = 21). Both groups received 30 min of conventional language therapy twice daily, 5 days a week for 4 weeks. The patients in the experimental group additionally received 20 min of AOT before 10 min language therapy each day. The speech function and aphasia severity of the 2 groups were assessed using the speech apraxia assessment method of the China Rehabilitation Research Center, Western Aphasia Battery (WAB), and the Boston Diagnostic Aphasia Examination before and after treatment. Results: AOS and WAB scores increased significantly after treatment in both groups (p < 0.05). AOS and WAB scores exhibited significant differences between the experimental group and the control group after training (p < 0.05). The response rate in the experimental group was significantly higher than that in the control group (p < 0.05). Conclusion: AOT based on mirror neuron theory may improve language function in patients with AOS after stroke.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document