scholarly journals A Calculation Method for Interconnected Timber Elements Using Wood-Wood Connections

Buildings ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 61 ◽  
Author(s):  
Julien Gamerro ◽  
Jean François Bocquet ◽  
Yves Weinand
Keyword(s):  
Calculation Method ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Limit State ◽  
Digital Fabrication ◽  
Calculation Model ◽  
Free Form ◽  
Structural Elements ◽  
Timber Constructions ◽  
Building Components ◽  
Vibration Tests

Wood-wood connections, widely used in the past, have been progressively replaced by steel fasteners in timber constructions. Currently, they can be manufactured and implemented more efficiently thanks to digital fabrication techniques. In addition, with the emergence of new timber plate engineered products, digitally produced wood-wood connections have been developed with a strong focus on complex free-form geometries. The gained knowledge through research and building implementations have pushed the development of more standardized structural elements. As a result, this work presents a new concept of building components using through tenon connections based on the idea of transportable flat-packs directly delivered and assembled on site. The main objective of this research is to develop a convenient calculation model for practice that can capture the semi-rigid behavior of the connections and predict the effective bending stiffness of such structural elements. A case study is used as a reference with three large-scale slabs of a 8.1 m span. Bending and vibration tests are performed to study the mechanical behavior and assess the proposed calculation method. The results show the high influence of the semi-rigid behavior of connections on the bending properties and, therefore, on the serviceability limit state. The model is in good agreement with the test results, and further improvements can be made regarding the local behavior of the connection. This study demonstrates the feasibility of the proposed construction system and the applicability of the developed calculation model to design practice.

Study of Seismic Design Method for Slope Supporting Structure of Soil Nailing

2013 ◽  
Vol 353-356 ◽  
pp. 2073-2078
Author(s):  
Tian Zhong Ma ◽  
Yan Peng Zhu ◽  
Chun Jing Lai ◽  
De Ju Meng
Keyword(s):  
Seismic Design ◽  
Calculation Method ◽  
Retaining Wall ◽  
Earth Pressure ◽  
Calculation Model ◽  
Soil Nailing ◽  
Case Record ◽  
Analysis And Design ◽  
Supporting Structure ◽  
Earthquake Action

Slope anchorage structure of soil nail is a kind of economic and effective flexible slope supporting structure. This structure at present is widely used in China. The supporting structure belong to permanent slope anchorage structure, so the design must consider earthquake action. Its methods of dynamical analysis and seismic design can not be found for the time being. The seismic design theory and method of traditional rigidity retaining wall have not competent for this new type of flexible supporting structure analysis and design. Because the acceleration along the slope height has amplification effect under horizontal earthquake action, errors should be induced in calculating earthquake earth pressure using the constant acceleration along the slope height. Considering the linear change of the acceleration along the slope height and unstable soil with the fortification intensity the influence of the peak acceleration, the earthquake earth pressure calculation formula is deduced. The soil nailing slope anchorage structure seismic dynamic calculation model is established and the analytical solutions are obtained. The seismic design and calculation method are given. Finally this method is applied to a case record for illustration of its capability. The results show that soil nailing slope anchorage structure has good aseismic performance, the calculation method of soil nailing slope anchorage structure seismic design is simple, practical, effective. The calculation model provides theory basis for the soil nailing slope anchorage structure of seismic design. Key words: soil nailing; slope; earthquake action; seismic design;

scholarly journals Structured Two-Stream Attention Network for Video Question Answering

2019 ◽  
Vol 33 ◽  
pp. 6391-6398 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lianli Gao ◽  
Pengpeng Zeng ◽  
Jingkuan Song ◽  
Yuan-Fang Li ◽  
Wu Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Question Answering ◽  
Free Form ◽  
Image Region ◽  
Attention Network ◽  
Natural Language Question ◽  
Temporal Structures ◽  
Text Features ◽  
Video Input ◽  
Language Question

To date, visual question answering (VQA) (i.e., image QA and video QA) is still a holy grail in vision and language understanding, especially for video QA. Compared with image QA that focuses primarily on understanding the associations between image region-level details and corresponding questions, video QA requires a model to jointly reason across both spatial and long-range temporal structures of a video as well as text to provide an accurate answer. In this paper, we specifically tackle the problem of video QA by proposing a Structured Two-stream Attention network, namely STA, to answer a free-form or open-ended natural language question about the content of a given video. First, we infer rich longrange temporal structures in videos using our structured segment component and encode text features. Then, our structured two-stream attention component simultaneously localizes important visual instance, reduces the influence of background video and focuses on the relevant text. Finally, the structured two-stream fusion component incorporates different segments of query and video aware context representation and infers the answers. Experiments on the large-scale video QA dataset TGIF-QA show that our proposed method significantly surpasses the best counterpart (i.e., with one representation for the video input) by 13.0%, 13.5%, 11.0% and 0.3 for Action, Trans., TrameQA and Count tasks. It also outperforms the best competitor (i.e., with two representations) on the Action, Trans., TrameQA tasks by 4.1%, 4.7%, and 5.1%.

Projects Selection and Evaluation Tools for the of Non-Conventional Materials and Technologies (NOCMATS)

2012 ◽  
Vol 517 ◽  
pp. 13-19 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Ohayon ◽  
Khosrow Ghavami
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Evaluation Criteria ◽  
Second World War ◽  
Structural Elements ◽  
Industrialized Countries ◽  
Governmental Agencies ◽  
Vegetable Fibers ◽  
Private Organizations ◽  
The Social ◽  
Second World

The results of many successfully realized Research and Development (R&D) concerned with non-conventional materials and technologies (NOCMAT) in developing countries including Brazil have not been used in large scale in practice. This is due to the lack of selection and evaluation criteria and concepts from planning and designing to implementation programs by governmental agencies and private organizations concerned with the newly developed sustainable materials and technologies. The problems of selecting and evaluating R&D innovation outputs and impacts for construction are complex and need scientific and systematic studies in order to avoid the social and environmental mistakes occurred in industrialized countries after the Second World War. This paper presents a logical framework for the implementation of pertinent indicators to be used as a tool in R&D of NOCMAT projects selection and evaluation concerned with materials, structural elements and technologies of bamboo and composites reinforced with vegetable fibers. Indicators, related to the efficiency, effectiveness, impact, relevance and sustainability of such projects are considered and discussed.

The Finite Element Analysis of the Large-Scale Converter Transformer Valve Side of the Electric Field

2013 ◽  
Vol 325-326 ◽  
pp. 476-479 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lin Suo Zeng ◽  
Zhe Wu
Keyword(s):  
Finite Element ◽  
Electric Field ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Calculation Model ◽  
Simulation Software ◽  
Field Calculation ◽  
Element Analysis ◽  
Ansys Simulation ◽  
The Finite Element Analysis ◽  
Electric Field Calculation

This article is based on finite element theory and use ANSYS simulation software to establish electric field calculation model of converter transformer for a ±800kV and make electric field calculation and analysis for valve winding. Converter transformer valve winding contour distribution of electric field have completed in the AC, DC and polarity reversal voltage.

Characterization of hydrodynamic properties from free vibration tests of a large-scale bridge model

2021 ◽  
Vol 106 ◽  
pp. 103368
Author(s):  
Thomas Schumacher ◽  
Alaa W. Hameed ◽  
Christopher Higgins ◽  
Brittany Erickson
Keyword(s):  
Free Vibration ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Hydrodynamic Properties ◽  
Bridge Model ◽  
Vibration Tests

Study on Carbon Emission Calculation Method of Concrete

2018 ◽  
Vol 768 ◽  
pp. 293-305 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chun Zhi Zhao ◽  
Yi Liu ◽  
Shi Wei Ren ◽  
Jiang Quan
Keyword(s):  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Calculation Method ◽  
Carbon Emission ◽  
Rapid Development ◽  
Reference Value ◽  
Calculation Model ◽  
Emission Data ◽  
Continuous Growth ◽  
Boundary Definition ◽  
Concrete Production

along with the rapid development of commercial concrete industry and the continuous growth of concrete demand, the commercial concrete production has brought large energy consumption and mineral resource consumption; cement calcination and direct/indirect energy consumption within the boundary of ready-mixed concrete system have become the main source of concrete greenhouse gas. This paper mainly settles key problems such as boundary definition, data collection, calculation model, data acceptance/rejection and data calculation method concerned with concrete carbon emission calculation, establishes the national uniform concrete carbon emission calculation method and emission factor within the same cultural boundary, and provides theoretical and data calculation basis for determining the reference value and grade of concrete carbon emission. As for other products, the carbon emission of unit product may also be calculated by reference to this paper; therefore, inherent carbon emission data of buildings are accumulated, providing quantized data support for taking measures to reduce the carbon emission intensity.

Effects of Weld Strength Heterogeneity on Crack Driving Force in Stress and Strain Based Design Scenarios

2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stijn Hertelé ◽  
Noel O’Dowd ◽  
Matthias Verstraete ◽  
Koen Van Minnebruggen ◽  
Wim De Waele
Keyword(s):  
Driving Force ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Limit State ◽  
Weld Strength ◽  
Force Response ◽  
Crack Driving Force ◽  
Key Factor ◽  
Weld Properties ◽  
Girth Welds ◽  
Strain Hardening Behavior

Weld strength mismatch is a key factor with respect to the assessment of a flawed girth weld. However, it is challenging to assign a single strength mismatch value to girth welds, which are generally heterogeneous in terms of constitutive behavior. The authors have recently developed a method (‘homogenization’) to account for weld strength property variations in the estimation of crack driving force response and the corresponding tensile limit state. This paper separately validates the approach for stress based and strain based assessments. Whereas homogenization is reliably applicable for stress based assessments, the strain based crack driving force response is highly sensitive to effects of actual heterogeneous weld properties. The sensitivity increases with increased weld width and decreased strain hardening behavior. For strain based design, a more accurate methodology is desirable, and large scale testing and/or advanced numerical modeling remain essential.

A Model of Seawater Structure Near the West Coast of Vancouver Island, British Columbia

1963 ◽  
Vol 20 (4) ◽  
pp. 939-967 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert K. Lane
Keyword(s):  
British Columbia ◽  
West Coast ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Coastal Region ◽  
Vancouver Island ◽  
Structural Elements ◽  
The West ◽  
Characteristic Structure ◽  
Oceanographic Data ◽  
Vertical Sections

Oceanographic data collected in a line of stations extending seaward of the west coast of Vancouver Island, British Columbia, were reviewed and analyzed. On the basis of these data and the large-scale meteorological processes of wind, insolation, and precipitation, the characteristic structure of temperature and salinity in the coastal region was denned in five temporal stages throughout the year. These stages are presented as vertical sections along the line with characteristic ranges of values to be found in each of the structural elements.

Permafrost Thawing-Pipeline Interaction Advanced Finite Element Model

2009 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jianfeng Xu ◽  
Basel Abdalla ◽  
Ayman Eltaher ◽  
Paul Jukes
Keyword(s):  
Finite Element ◽  
Energy Demand ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Limit State ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
Ultimate Limit State ◽  
Fe Model ◽  
Field Development ◽  
Thaw Settlement ◽  
Permafrost Thawing

The increasing energy demand has promoted the interest in exploration and field development in the Arctic waters, which holds one quarter of the world’s petroleum reserves. The harsh conditions and fragile environment in the arctic region introduce many challenges to a sustainable development of these resources. One of the key challenges is the engineering consideration of warm pipelines installed in permafrost areas; found mainly in shallow waters and shore crossings. Evaluations have to be made during the pipeline design to avoid significant thaw settlement and large-scale permafrost degrading. In this paper, a three-dimensional (3D) finite element (FE) model was developed to study the interaction between buried pipelines transporting warm hydrocarbons and the surrounding permafrost. This interaction is a combination of several mechanisms: heat transfer from the pipeline, results in permafrost thawing and formation of thaw bulb around the pipeline. Consequently, the thaw settlement of soil beneath the pipeline base results in bending strains in the pipe wall. For safe operations, the pipe should be designed so that the induced strains do not exceed the ultimate limit state conditions. The developed model helps in accurate prediction of pipe strains by using finite element continuum modeling method as opposed to the more commonly used discrete (springs) modeling and hand calculations. It also assesses the real size of the thaw bulb and the corresponding settlement at any time, thus preventing an over-conservative design.

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