scholarly journals Phase II Clinical Trial of Pembrolizumab in Patients with Progressive Metastatic Pheochromocytomas and Paragangliomas

Cancers ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (8) ◽  
pp. 2307 ◽  
Author(s):  
Camilo Jimenez ◽  
Vivek Subbiah ◽  
Bettzy Stephen ◽  
Junsheng Ma ◽  
Denai Milton ◽  
...  

Metastatic pheochromocytomas and paragangliomas (MPPGs) are rare endocrine malignancies that are associated with high rates of morbidity and mortality because of their large tumor burden and location, progression, and release of catecholamines. Systemic therapies for MPPGs are limited. MPPGs are characterized by pseudohypoxia that may prevent immune system recognition. We conducted a phase II clinical trial of pembrolizumab in patients with progressive MPPGs. The primary endpoint was the non-progression rate at 27 weeks. The secondary endpoints included the objective response and clinical benefit rates, progression free and overall survival duration, and safety. We also determined whether PDL-1 expression and the presence of infiltrating mononuclear inflammatory cells in the primary tumor were associated with clinical response and hereditary background. Eleven patients were included in this trial, four (36%) with germline mutations and seven (64%) with hormonally active tumors. Four patients (40%, 95% confidence interval (CI) 12–74%) achieved the primary endpoint. The objective response rate was 9% (95% CI: 0–41%). The clinical benefit rate was 73% (95% CI: 39–94%). Four patients had grade 3 adverse events related to pembrolizumab. No patients experienced grade 4 or 5 adverse events or a catecholamine crisis. Progression free survival time was 5.7 months (95% CI: 4.37—not reached). The median survival duration was 19 months (95% CI: 9.9—not reached). PDL-1 expression and the presence of infiltrating mononuclear inflammatory cells in the primary tumor did not seem to be associated with disease response. Single-agent pembrolizumab has modest treatment efficacy in patients with progressive MPPGs. Positive responses seemed to be independent of patients’ hereditary backgrounds, tumor hormonal status, and the presence of infiltrating mononuclear inflammatory cells or PDL-1 expression in the primary tumor.

2021 ◽  
Vol 39 (15_suppl) ◽  
pp. e16201-e16201
Author(s):  
Susan Combs Scott ◽  
Ana De Jesus-Acosta ◽  
Chen Hu ◽  
Benjamin Philip Levy ◽  
Valsamo Anagnostou ◽  
...  

e16201 Background: Limited systemic treatment options are available for progressive well-differentiated neuroendocrine tumors (NET), also called carcinoid tumors. Given emerging evidence for immunotherapy response in high grade NET including small cell lung cancer, we sought to determine the efficacy of combination immunotherapy with ipilimumab and nivolumab in patients with advanced, progressive, well-differentiated NET in an open label phase II clinical trial. Methods: Eligible patients had well-differentiated, nonfunctional NET of lung, pancreas, or GI origin that had progressed within the past 12 months after at least one line of prior therapy. Patients received nivolumab 240 mg every 2 weeks and ipilimumab 1mg/kg every 6 weeks for up to 2 years. Primary endpoint was objective response rate (ORR) by RECIST v1.1. Using a Simon’s 2-stage design, the study planned to accrue up to 56 patients. Based on published response rates to everolimus of 5%, we hypothesized that this regimen would be considered promising if the true ORR is > 15%. Results: Nine patients were enrolled prior to study closure due to funding, including 6 patients with NET of lung origin, 2 pancreatic, and 1 small bowel (Table). Median age was 71 years. All patients had distant metastatic disease at enrollment, with an average of 2 prior lines of therapy. Four of 9 patients achieved the primary endpoint of confirmed objective response, all of whom have ongoing response with a median duration of 15.4 months. Five of 9 patients, including all 4 responders, experienced immune-related toxicity requiring treatment modification or discontinuation. The trial did not accrue the target of 56 patients, however, objective response in 4 of 9 patients (ORR 44.4%, 90% CI: 16.9-74.9%) excluded the response rate target (15%). Conclusions: The impressive ORR of 44% with a median duration of response exceeding 15 months in this small clinical trial warrants further study of combination CTLA-4 and PD-1 inhibition in previously treated well-differentiated NET. Our ongoing immunologic and genomic correlative analysis in responders and non-responders will help inform future study of immunotherapy in this patient population in need of new systemic therapy approaches. Clinical trial information: NCT03420521. [Table: see text]


Blood ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 136 (Supplement 1) ◽  
pp. 17-17
Author(s):  
Yuqin Song ◽  
Jun Zhu ◽  
Ningjing Lin ◽  
Mingzhi Zhang ◽  
Hai Bai ◽  
...  

Introduction: Classical Hodgkin lymphoma (cHL) is characterized by genetic alterations in 9p24.1, leading to overexpression of PD-L1 ligand. GLS-010 is a novel fully human anti-PD-1 monoclonal antibody (mAb) and exhibited favorable results in previous Phase I study. The aim of this study was to evaluate the safety and efficacy profile of GLS-010 in Chinese patients (pts) with relapsed or refractory cHL. Methods: In this multi-center, single-arm Phase II clinical trial, pts with relapsed or refractory cHL after at least 2 lines of prior systemic chemotherapies were enrolled and treated with GLS-010 240mg every 2 weeks until disease progression, death, unacceptable toxicity or withdraw from the study. Efficacy was assessed with the primary endpoint of objective response rate (ORR) by independent review committee (IRC) per Lugano 2014. Adverse events (AEs) were graded by NCI CTCAE v4.03. Results: As of April 18, 2020, a total of 85 pts with relapsed or refractory cHL received a median of 14.5 treatment cycles (1 cycle include 2 injections). The pretreatment characteristics of the pts are shown in Table 1. At a median follow-up of 15.8 months, 28.2% (24/85) of pts discontinued treatment. As shown in Table 2, treatment-related adverse events (TRAEs) of any grade occurred in 79 (92.9%) of 85 patients, most of which were Grade 1-2. The most common TRAEs were fever (27/85, 31.8%), neutrophil count decreased (17/85, 20%) and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) increased (17/85, 20%). Grade ≥3 TRAEs occurred in 25 (29.4%) pts, most commonly, hepatic function abnormal (5/85, 5.88%) and hyperuricaemia (4/85, 4.71%). For all the 85 pts, ORR was 90.59% (77/85, 95%CI: 82.30-95.85) with 32.9% (28/85) of patients achieving a CR and 57.6% (49/85) of patients achieving a PR (Table 3). Median duration of response (DoR) and progression free survival (PFS) were not reached yet. Conclusions: GLS-010 showed impressive anti-tumor activity (ORR=90.59%) and manageable safety profile in Chinese patients with relapsed or refractory cHL, and could be a new safe and effective treatment option. Disclosures Meng: Guangzhou Gloria Biosciences Co., Ltd.: Current Employment.


2021 ◽  
Vol 39 (6_suppl) ◽  
pp. TPS369-TPS369
Author(s):  
Michael B. Atkins ◽  
Yanfang Liu ◽  
Rodolfo F. Perini ◽  
Ananya Roy ◽  
John B. A. G. Haanen

TPS369 Background: Treatment options for RCC in the late-line setting after immunotherapy and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)-targeted therapy are limited. Hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF)-2α is a transcription factor that has been established as an oncogenic driver in clear cell RCC (ccRCC). The first-in-class small molecular HIF-2α inhibitor, MK-6482, recently showed promising antitumor activity in a cohort of heavily pretreated ccRCC patients (pts) and in pts with von Hippel-Lindau–disease-associated RCC for which the FDA granted Breakthrough Therapy Designation to MK-6482. Methods: This randomized, open-label, multicenter phase II trial will evaluate the efficacy and safety of 2 doses of MK-6482 in pts with advanced RCC who have experienced progression after prior systemic therapy (NCT04489771). Eligible pts are male or female aged ≥18 years with histologically confirmed locally advanced or metastatic ccRCC (measurable disease per RECIST v1.1) who have experienced progression after 1-3 prior systemic therapies comprising an anti-PD-1/L1 agent combined with a VEGF-targeted tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI) or an anti-cytotoxic T lymphocyte-associated antigen-4 agent and have undergone no more than 3 prior systemic regimens; and a Karnofsky Performance Scale ≥70. Treatment progression on anti-PD-1/L1 combination therapy was defined as pts who received at least 2 doses of anti-PD-1/L1 therapy and demonstrated radiographic disease progression as assessed by the investigator. Pts who have received prior treatment with MK-6482 or another HIF-2α inhibitor, and those requiring intermittent or chronic supplemental oxygen, or with a baseline hemoglobin less than 10 g/dL, a history of human immunodeficiency virus, hepatitis B or hepatitis C infection, or active central nervous system metastases will be excluded. Approximately 150 pts will be randomly assigned 1:1 to oral MK-6482 120 mg once daily (QD) or 200 mg QD; treatment will continue until progression, unacceptable toxicity, or withdrawal. Pts will be stratified by International Metastatic RCC Database Consortium prognostic scores (0, 1-2, 3-6) and the number of prior TKI-containing therapies (0, 1, or 2-3). Imaging with computed tomography or magnetic resonance imaging will be undertaken on Week 9 from the date of randomization, every 8 weeks through Week 49, and every 12 weeks thereafter. Adverse events will be monitored throughout the study and for 30 days after treatment (90 days for serious adverse events). The primary end point is objective response rate per RECIST v1.1 by blinded independent central review (BICR). Secondary end points are progression-free survival, duration of response and clinical benefit rate per RECIST v1.1 by BICR, overall survival, pharmacokinetics, and safety. Safety will be analyzed using a tiered approach. This study is recruiting. Clinical trial information: NCT04489771 .


2021 ◽  
Vol 39 (15_suppl) ◽  
pp. 3506-3506
Author(s):  
Andrea Sartore-Bianchi ◽  
Filippo Pietrantonio ◽  
Sara Lonardi ◽  
Benedetta Mussolin ◽  
Francesco Rua ◽  
...  

3506 Background: Despite advances in molecular segmentation of metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC), beyond RAS status therapeutic actionability remains confined to the limited subgroups of ERBB2 amplified, BRAF mutated and MSI-H patients. Optimization of available treatments is therefore warranted. Rechallenge with anti-EGFR monoclonal antibodies is often empirically used with some benefit as late-line therapy. We previously found that mutant RAS and EGFR ectodomain clones, which emerge in blood during EGFR blockade, decline upon antibody withdrawal leading to regain drug sensitivity. Based on this rationale, we designed CHRONOS, a multicenter phase II trial of anti-EGFR therapy rechallenge guided by monitoring of the mutational status of RAS, BRAF and EGFR in circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA). To our knowledge, this is the first interventional clinical trial of liquid biopsy for driving anti-EGFR rechallenge therapy in mCRC. Methods: Eligible patients were PS ECOG 0-2 RAS/BRAF WT mCRC having first achieved an objective response and then progression in any treatment line with an anti-EGFR antibody containing regimen, displaying RAS, BRAF and EGFR ectodomain WT status in ctDNA at molecular screening after progression to the last anti-EGFR-free regimen. Clonal evolution in ctDNA was analyzed by ddPCR and next generation sequencing. Panitumumab 6 mg/kg was administered IV every two weeks until progression. The primary endpoint was objective response rate (ORR) by RECIST version 1.1 with independent central review. 27 total patients and 6 responses were required to declare the study positive (power = 85%, type I error = 0.05). Results: Between Aug 19, 2019 and Nov 6, 2020 52 patients were screened by liquid biopsy and 36 (69%) were negative in ctDNA for RAS/BRAF/EGFR mutations. Of these, 27 patients were enrolled in 4 centers. Median age was 64 years (range: 42-80). PS ECOG was 0/50%, 1/46%, 2/4%. Previous anti-EGFR was administered in 1st line in 63%, 2nd in 15% and > 2nd in 22%. Median number of previous treatments was 3. The primary endpoint was met, with 8/27 partial responses (PR) observed (2 unconfirmed) (ORR = 30%, 95% CI: 12-47%). Stable disease (SD) was obtained in 11/27 (40%, 95% CI: 24-59%), lasting > 4 months in 8/11. Disease control rate (PR plus SD > 4 months) was therefore obtained in 16/27 (59%, 95% CI: 41-78%). Median progression-free survival was 16 weeks. Median duration of response was 17 weeks (1 ongoing). Maximal grade toxicity was G3, limited to dermatological and occurring in 19% of patients. ctDNA dynamics were studied in all patients. Conclusions: Liquid biopsy-driven rechallenge with anti-EGFR antibodies leads to further objective responses in one third of patients. Genotyping tumor DNA in the blood to direct therapy can be effectively incorporated in the management of advanced CRCs. Clinical trial information: 2016-002597-12.


2019 ◽  
Vol 37 (15_suppl) ◽  
pp. TPS3156-TPS3156
Author(s):  
Tomoko Jogo ◽  
Yoshiaki Nakamura ◽  
Yoshito Komatsu ◽  
Ken Kato ◽  
Eiji Shinozaki ◽  
...  

TPS3156 Background: Approximately 7% of advanced solid malignancies have FGFR gene alterations. However, standard treatment for FGFR-altered malignancies has not been established. Moreover, circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) analysis has a potential to accurately identify FGFR alterations by assessing spatial and temporal intratumoral heterogeneity, which have shown to be associated with a poor prognosis and resistance to anti-cancer therapy. Methods: We are conducting an investigator-initiated multicenter phase II basket-type trial to investigate efficacy and safety of TAS-120, a highly selective covalent pan-FGFR inhibitor, for the patients with advanced solid malignancies with FGFR alterations identified by ctDNA analysis as a part of the Nationwide Cancer Genome Screening Project (GOZILA study, UMIN000029315). Eligibility criteria include histologically confirmed unresectable advanced or recurrent solid tumors regardless of histology of origin; ECOG PS of 0 or 1; refractory or intolerant to the standard therapies; and clonal FGFR alterations ( FGFR1-3 gain-of-function mutations, FGFR1,2 amplifications and FGFR2,3 fusions) identified by a 73-gene sequencing ctDNA panel (Guardant360). Enrolled patients will receive TAS-120 20 mg once daily, orally, in a 21 day-cycle. The primary endpoint is to clarify objective response rate (ORR) assessed by investigators per RECIST v1.1. The secondary endpoints are to evaluate progression-free survival, duration of response, time to treatment failure, disease control rate, overall survival, ORR by central determination, and incidence of adverse events. Target sample size is determined as 26 to test the null hypothesis of ORR as 5% with one-sided alpha level of 2.5% and power of 80% to detect an expected value of ORR as 25%. Furthermore, tumor tissue and ctDNA will be serially collected and analyzed to investigate the resistance mechanisms and provide clinically meaningful biomarker which may be used for identifying and implementing treatment changes. Clinical trial information: 194624.


2020 ◽  
Vol 38 (15_suppl) ◽  
pp. 4574-4574
Author(s):  
Shiguang Chen

4574 Background: Chemoembolisation and oral sorafenib are the recommended treatment for unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC); however, some patients respond poorly to these. Hepatic arterial infusion (HAI) chemotherapy may have potential benefit in these patients. We aimed to investigate the efficacy and safety of HAI of oxaliplatin plus raltitrexed in patients with unresectable HCC. Methods: In this phase II, single-arm clinical trial, we enrolled patients aged 18–70 years with unresectable HCC at the Fujian Cancer Hospital (China). We performed HAI with oxaliplatin (100 mg/m2 for 4 hours) and raltitrexed (3 mg/m2 for 1 hour). Treatment was repeated every 3 weeks and was discontinued either because of disease progression, unacceptable toxicity levels, or refusal of further treatment. We used Simon’s two-stage design. The primary endpoint was the objective response rate according to the Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors version 1.1. Results: Fifty-one patients were screened between January 5, 2018 and August 7, 2019. Of these, 39 patients (34 men and 5 women; median age, 53 years) were enrolled and included in the intention-to-treat population. Objective response was achieved in 18 (51.4%) of 35 patients in the per-protocol population and in 18 (46.2%) of 39 patients in the intention-to-treat population. Treatment-related grade 4 adverse events or deaths were not reported, and the observed grade 3 adverse events were elevated aspartate aminotransferase levels (5[12.8%]), elevated alanine aminotransferase levels (1 [2.6%]), leukopenia (1 [2.6%]), thrombocytopenia (1 [2.6%]), and abdominal infection (1 [2.6%]). Conclusions: HAI of oxaliplatin plus raltitrexed showed promising efficacy and acceptable toxicity levels in patients unresectable HCC, and further evaluation is warranted. Clinical trial information: ChiCTR-OOC-17014182 . [Table: see text]


2020 ◽  
Vol 38 (15_suppl) ◽  
pp. TPS10085-TPS10085
Author(s):  
Anjali Rohatgi ◽  
Ryan Campbell Massa ◽  
William E. Gooding ◽  
Tullia C. Bruno ◽  
Dario Vignali ◽  
...  

TPS10085 Background: Novel checkpoint inhibitors are a promising treatment for advanced melanoma, as only a fraction of patients have durable responses to current FDA-approved immunotherapy. Lymphocyte activation gene 3 (LAG3) is an inhibitory checkpoint receptor on CD4+ and CD8+ T cells, where engagement results in suppression of T cell activation and proliferation. LAG3 and PD1 are co-expressed on T cells during T cell receptor signaling and are down-regulated after antigen clearance. Persistent stimulation leads to prolonged LAG3 and PD1 expression and to T cell exhaustion, a possible mechanism of resistance to immunotherapy. Both LAG3 and PD1 are expressed on tumor-infiltrating T cells in melanoma. Murine tumors treated with both anti-LAG3 and anti-PD1 have demonstrated increased tumor regression than tumors in mice treated with either single agent. Further, a phase I trial has demonstrated safety of combined anti-LAG3 monoclonal antibody, relatlimab and anti-PD1 monoclonal antibody, nivolumab. Methods: This phase II, single-center clinical trial is designed to enroll treatment naive patients with unresectable or metastatic melanoma to ultimately receive combined relatlimab and nivolumab after a lead-in arm where patients are randomized to receive relatlimab, nivolumab, or the combination for the first 4 week cycle. For the lead-in phase, patients will have baseline and post-treatment blood and tumor sampling. Disease assessment by imaging will occur after the lead-in phase at 4 weeks. After completion of the lead-in phase, all patients proceed to combination therapy with disease assessment at 12-week intervals. The primary endpoint for the lead-in phase is to evaluate changes in immune cell populations in peripheral blood and tumor with the single agents and combination treatment. The primary endpoint for the combination phase is best overall anti-tumor response. Secondary clinical endpoints include progression-free survival, overall survival, duration of response and toxicity. Exploratory endpoints are to determine the mechanistic effects of anti-LAG3 and anti-PD1 on the blood and tumor microenvironment, cytokine signatures, and correlation of these with clinical response. The study is currently accruing with enrollment of 9 out of 42 patients. Clinical trial information: NCT03743766.


2007 ◽  
Vol 25 (18_suppl) ◽  
pp. 3004-3004
Author(s):  
M. Ross ◽  
L. H. Camacho ◽  
E. M. Hersh ◽  
C. K. Brown ◽  
J. Richards ◽  
...  

3004 Background: We have previously reported that vaccination with IDM therapeutic vaccine (IDD-3/Uvidem [Uvidem is co-developed with SANOFI-AVENTIS]) composed of dendritic cells (DC) loaded with three allogeneic lysates from tumor cell lines can elicit immune and anti-tumor responses. We describe here the preliminary results from a phase II clinical trial in metastatic melanoma patients. Methods: DC-MEL-202 is a single arm, two-stage phase II trial designed to evaluate clinical and immunological activities and the safety of a multivalent DC vaccine in patients with in-transit or low volume metastatic melanoma. There was no HLA restriction. Autologous DC were generated, under GMP conditions, from monocytes cultured in GM-CSF and IL-13, loaded with three allogeneic melanoma tumor lysates (M44, SK-MEL 28 and COLO 829) and matured with a combination of bacterial extract (FMKP) and IFN-γ, generating up to 15 doses of the vaccine containing 25x106 DC. Patients received six bi-weekly and two 6-weekly injections (id and sc). Clinical responders were eligible to receive additional doses. Immune response against tumor-associated antigens (TAA) peptides was assessed, at several time points, by detection of IFN-γ producing cells by flow cytometry Results: 33 patients were treated. To date: Vaccination is well tolerated with toxicity limited to mild events (only one possibly related SAE, age-related macular degeneration, was reported). Clinical response (RECIST): 6 patients showed evidence of clinical benefit (1CR, 1PR and 4 SD) with duration of response ranging from 7.5 to 22 months. Assessment of pathological response in target sites in 2 pts (1 PR, 1 SD) showed no residual disease.. 23/33 patients are still alive with a mean follow-up of 11mo (range 3–22mo). Mature data of PFS and OS will be presented. Immune response: 21 (84 %) out of 25 evaluated patients showed detectable TAA-specific CD8+ T cells with ten showing boosted or appearance of anti-TAA specific CD8+ T cells. Conclusions: Vaccination with IDD-3/Uvidem is safe and can elicit tumor specific CD8+ T cells not limited to HLA-A2+ patients. Substantial clinical benefit warrants further development of IDD3. No significant financial relationships to disclose.


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