scholarly journals The Pathophysiology and the Therapeutic Potential of Cannabinoids in Prostate Cancer

Cancers ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (16) ◽  
pp. 4107
Author(s):  
Kanika Singh ◽  
Nazim Nassar ◽  
Ava Bachari ◽  
Ellen Schanknecht ◽  
Srinivasareddy Telukutla ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Prostate Cancer ◽  
Cell Growth ◽  
Antitumor Agents ◽  
Therapeutic Potential ◽  
Mechanisms Of Action ◽  
Antitumor Drugs ◽  
The Past ◽  
Anticancer Effects ◽  
Cell Growth And Differentiation ◽  
Selection Of

Prostate cancer is the second most frequently occurring cancer diagnosed among males. Recent preclinical evidence implicates cannabinoids as powerful regulators of cell growth and differentiation. In this review, we focused on studies that demonstrated anticancer effects of cannabinoids and their possible mechanisms of action in prostate cancer. Besides the palliative effects of cannabinoids, research from the past two decades has demonstrated their promising potential as antitumor agents in a wide variety of cancers. This analysis may provide pharmacological insights into the selection of specific cannabinoids for the development of antitumor drugs for the treatment of prostate cancer.

scholarly journals Therapeutic Potential of Gnetin C in Prostate Cancer: A Pre-Clinical Study

Nutrients ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (12) ◽  
pp. 3631
Author(s):  
Ketaki Gadkari ◽  
Urvi Kolhatkar ◽  
Rutu Hemani ◽  
Gisella Campanelli ◽  
Qing Cai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Prostate Cancer ◽  
Tumor Progression ◽  
Cancer Progression ◽  
Therapeutic Potential ◽  
Inhibitory Effects ◽  
Antitumor Effects ◽  
Anticancer Effects ◽  
Potent Inhibition ◽  
Avian Erythroblastosis Virus

Natural stilbenes have gained significant attention in the scientific community owing to their potential anticancer effects against prostate cancer. We recently reported that Gnetin C, a resveratrol (Res) dimer, demonstrated more potent inhibition of metastasis-associated protein 1/v-ets avian erythroblastosis virus E26 oncogene homolog 2 (MTA1/ETS2) axis in prostate cancer cell lines than other stilbenes. In this study, we investigated in vivo antitumor effects of Gnetin C in two doses (50 and 25 mg/kg, i.p.) using PC3M-Luc subcutaneous xenografts and compared these to Res and pterostilbene (Pter). We found that while vehicle-treated mice revealed rapid tumor progression, compounds-treated mice showed noticeable delay in tumor growth. Gnetin C in 50 mg/kg dose demonstrated the most potent tumor inhibitory effects. Gnetin C in 25 mg/kg dose exhibited tumor inhibitory effects comparable with Pter in 50 mg/kg dose. Consistent with the effective antitumor effects, Gnetin C-treated tumors showed reduced mitotic activity and angiogenesis and a significant increase in apoptosis compared to all the other groups. The data suggest that Gnetin C is more potent in slowing tumor progression in prostate cancer xenografts than Res or Pter. Taken together, we demonstrated, for the first time, that Gnetin C is a lead compound among stilbenes for effectively blocking prostate cancer progression in vivo.

scholarly journals Quantitatively Modeling Factors that Influence the Therapeutic Doses of Antibodies

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yu Tang ◽  
Xiaobing Li ◽  
Yanguang Cao
Keyword(s):  
Mechanisms Of Action ◽  
Therapeutic Antibodies ◽  
Dose Selection ◽  
Response Curves ◽  
The Past ◽  
Flat Dose ◽  
Target Binding ◽  
Antibody Pharmacokinetics ◽  
Therapeutic Doses ◽  
Selection Of

AbstractDose selection and confirmation are critical tasks in the development of therapeutic antibodies. These tasks could become particularly challenging in the absence of robust pharmacodynamics biomarkers or at very flat dose-response curves. Although much knowledge has been acquired in the past decade, it remains uncertain which factors are relevant and how to select doses more rationally. In this study, we developed a quantitative metric, Therapeutic Exposure Affinity Ratio (TEAR), to retrospectively evaluate up to 60 approved antibodies and their therapeutic doses (TDs), and systematically assessed the factors that are relevant to antibody TDs and dose selection patterns. This metric supported us to analyze many factors that are beyond antibody pharmacokinetics and target binding affinity. Our results challenged the traditional perceptions about the importance of target turnovers and target anatomical locations in the selection of TDs, highlighted the relevance of an overlooked factor, antibody mechanisms of action. Overall, this study provided insights into antibody dose selection and confirmation in the development of therapeutic antibodies.

scholarly journals VARIETY OF TUMOR MODELS FOR TESTING ANTITUM TREATMENT ACTIVITY OF SUBSTANCES IN MICE

2020 ◽  
Vol 66 (4) ◽  
pp. 353-363
Author(s):  
Tatyana Nekhaeva ◽  
A. Chernov ◽  
Yana Toropova ◽  
Mikhail Galagudza ◽  
Irina Baldueva
Keyword(s):  
Mouse Models ◽  
Mechanisms Of Action ◽  
Experimental Models ◽  
Genetically Engineered ◽  
Antitumor Drugs ◽  
Laboratory Mice ◽  
Metabolism Study ◽  
New Anticancer Drugs ◽  
Treatment Activity ◽  
Selection Of

Selection of tolerated and toxic doses, schemes of therapy for new anticancer drugs, assessment of its toxicity, pharmacokinetics, metabolism, study of the mechanism of action and tumor sensitivity are carried out using models of human tumors in mice. The review contains a diverse description of experimental models (transplantable, genetically engineered, humanized, autochthonous, orthotopic, heterotopic and metastatic) tumors using laboratory mice. The advantages, disadvantages, directions and specific features of the use of mouse models, their role in the study of mechanisms of action of antitumor drugs are considered on the examples of recent research.

Y-box binding protein-1 promotes castration-resistant prostate cancer growth via androgen receptor expression

2011 ◽  
Vol 18 (4) ◽  
pp. 505-517 ◽  
Author(s):  
Masaki Shiota ◽  
Ario Takeuchi ◽  
YooHyun Song ◽  
Akira Yokomizo ◽  
Eiji Kashiwagi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Prostate Cancer ◽  
Androgen Receptor ◽  
Cell Growth ◽  
Therapeutic Potential ◽  
Binding Protein ◽  
Receptor Expression ◽  
Transcriptional Level ◽  
Castration Resistant Prostate Cancer ◽  
Castration Resistance ◽  
Castration Resistant

The androgen receptor (AR) is well known to play a central role in the pathogenesis of prostate cancer (PCa). In several studies, AR was overexpressed in castration-resistant PCa (CRPC). However, the mechanism of AR overexpression in CRPC is not fully elucidated. Y-box binding protein-1 (YB-1) is a pleiotropic transcription factor that is upregulated in CPRC. We aimed to elucidate the role of YB-1 in castration resistance of PCa and identify therapeutic potential of targeting YB-1. Using immunohistochemistry, we found that nuclear YB-1 expression significantly correlated with the Gleason score and AR expression in PCa tissues. In PCa cells, YB-1 regulated AR expression at the transcriptional level. Furthermore, YB-1 expression and nuclear localization were upregulated in CRPC cells. Overexpression of AR, as well as YB-1, conferred castration-resistant growth in LNCaP and 22Rv1 cells. Conversely, knocking down YB-1 resulted in suppressed cell growth and induced apoptosis, which was more efficient than knocking down AR in LNCaP cells. In other types of PCa cells, such as CRPC cells, knocking down YB-1 resulted in a significant reduction of cell growth. In conclusion, these findings suggested that YB-1 induces castration resistance in androgen-dependent PCa cells via AR expression. Thus, YB-1 may be a promising therapeutic target for PCa, as well as CRPC.

794: Valproic Acid Inhibits Prostate Cancer Cell Growth in Vitro and in Vivo

2006 ◽  
Vol 175 (4S) ◽  
pp. 257-257
Author(s):  
Jennifer Sung ◽  
Qinghua Xia ◽  
Wasim Chowdhury ◽  
Shabana Shabbeer ◽  
Michael Carducci ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Prostate Cancer ◽  
Valproic Acid ◽  
Cell Growth ◽  
Cancer Cell ◽  
Prostate Cancer Cell ◽  
Cancer Cell Growth

Integrated FAHP-VIKOR model for green supplier selection in a Nickle coating SME

2020 ◽  
pp. 133-139
Author(s):  
Sanatan Ratna ◽  
B Kumar
Keyword(s):  
Staff Training ◽  
Supplier Selection ◽  
Fuzzy Ahp ◽  
Research Work ◽  
Supplier Evaluation ◽  
Green Supplier Selection ◽  
The Past ◽  
Coating Industry ◽  
Sustainability Issue ◽  
Selection Of

In the past few decades, there has been lot of focus on the issue of sustainability. This has occurred due to the growing concerns related to climate change and the growing awareness about environmental concerns. Also, the competition at global level has led to the search for the most sustainable route in the industries. The current research work deals with the selection of green supplier in a Nickle coating industry based on certain weighted green attributes. For this purpose, a hybrid tool comprising of Fuzzy AHP (Fuzzy Analytical Hierarchy) and VIKOR (VlseKriterijumska Optimizacija I Kompromisno Resenje) is used. The Fuzzy AHP is used for assigning proper weights to the selected criteria for supplier evaluation, while VIKOR is used for final supplier selection based on the weighted criteria. The three criterions for green supplier selection are, Ecological packaging, Corporate socio-environmental responsibility and Staff Training. The outcome of the integrated model may serve as a steppingstone to other SMEs in different sectors for selecting the most suitable supplier for addressing the sustainability issue.

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