Heat Modulation of Intrinsic MR Contrasts for Tumor Characterization

(1) Background: The longitudinal relaxation time (T1), transverse relaxation time (T2), water proton chemical shift (CS), and apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) are MR quantities that change with temperature. In this work, we investigate heat-induced intrinsic MR contrast types to add salient information to conventional MR imaging to improve tumor characterization. (2) Methods: Imaging tests were performed in vivo using different rat tumor models. The rats were cooled/heated to steady-state temperatures from 26–36 °C and quantitative measurements of T1, T2, and ADC were obtained. Temperature maps were measured using the proton resonance frequency shift (PRFS) method during the heating and cooling cycles. (3) Results: All tissue samples show repeatable relaxation parameter measurement over a range of 26–36 °C. Most notably, we observed a more than 3.3% change in T1/°C in breast adenocarcinoma tumors compared to a 1% change in benign breast fibroadenoma lesions. In addition, we note distinct values of T2/°C change for rat prostate carcinoma cells compared to benign tissue. (4) Conclusion: These findings suggest the possibility of improving MR imaging visualization and characterization of tissue with heat-induced contrast types. Specifically, these results suggest that the temporal thermal responses of heat-sensitive MR imaging contrast mechanisms in different tissue types contain information for improved (i) characterization of tumor/tissue boundaries for diagnostic and therapy purposes, and (ii) characterization of salient behavior of tissues, e.g., malignant versus benign tumors.

Download Full-text

Radiomics- Quantitative Biomarker Analysis for Breast Cancer Diagnosis and Prediction: A Review

Current Medical Imaging Formerly Current Medical Imaging Reviews ◽

10.2174/1573405617666210303102526 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 17 ◽

Author(s):

Priscilla Dinkar Moyya ◽

Mythili Asaithambi

Keyword(s):

Breast Cancer ◽

Molecular Subtypes ◽

Breast Cancer Diagnosis ◽

Benign Tumors ◽

Genomic Information ◽

Tumor Characterization ◽

Breast Malignancy ◽

The Past ◽

Biomarker Analysis

Background: Cancer of the breast has become a global problem for women's health. Though concerns regarding early detection and accurate diagnosis were raised, an effort is required for precision medicine as well as personalized treatment. In the past years, the area of medicinal imaging has seen an unprecedented growth that leads to an advancement of radiomics, which provides countless quantitative biomarkers extracted from modern diagnostic images, including a detailed tumor characterization of breast malignancy. Discussion: In this research, we presented the methodology and implementation of radiomics, together with its future trends and challenges by the basis of published papers. Radiomics could distinguish between malignant from benign tumors, predict prognostic factors, molecular subtypes of breast carcinoma, treatment response to neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC), and recurrence survival. The incorporation of quantitative knowledge with clinical, histopathological and genomic information will enable physicians to afford customized care of treatment for patients with breast cancer. Conclusion: Our research was intended to help physicians and radiologists learn fundamental knowledge about radiomics and also to work collaboratively with researchers to explore evidence for further usage in clinical practice.

Download Full-text

In vivo measurement of transverse relaxation time in the mouse brain at 17.6 T

Magnetic Resonance in Medicine ◽

10.1002/mrm.24533 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 70 (4) ◽

pp. 985-993 ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

Firat Kara ◽

Fu Chen ◽

Itamar Ronen ◽

Huub J. M. de Groot ◽

Jörg Matysik ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Relaxation Time ◽

Mouse Brain ◽

Transverse Relaxation Time ◽

Transverse Relaxation ◽

In Vivo Measurement

Download Full-text

The magnetic resonance shutter speed discriminates vascular properties of malignant and benign breast tumors in vivo

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences ◽

10.1073/pnas.0711226105 ◽

2008 ◽

Vol 105 (46) ◽

pp. 17943-17948 ◽

Cited By ~ 68

Author(s):

Wei Huang ◽

Xin Li ◽

Elizabeth A. Morris ◽

Luminita A. Tudorica ◽

Venkatraman E. Seshan ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Malignant Tumors ◽

Pharmacokinetic Analysis ◽

Benign Tumors ◽

Implicit Assumption ◽

Benign Lesions ◽

Tissue Samples ◽

Dce Mri ◽

Two Parameters ◽

Shutter Speed

The pharmacokinetic analysis of dynamic-contrast-enhanced (DCE) MRI data yields Ktrans and kep, two parameters independently measuring the capillary wall contrast reagent transfer rate. The almost universally used standard model (SM) embeds the implicit assumption that equilibrium transcytolemmal water exchange is effectively infinitely fast. In analyses of routine DCE-MRI data from 22 patients with suspicious breast lesions initially ruled positive by institutional screening protocols, the SM Ktrans values for benign and malignant lesions exhibit considerable overlap. A form of the shutter-speed model (SSM), which allows for finite exchange kinetics, agrees with the SM Ktrans value for each of the 15 benign lesions. However, it reveals that the SM underestimates Ktrans for each of the seven malignant tumors in this population. The fact that this phenomenon is unique to malignant tumors allows their complete discrimination from the benign lesions, as validated by comparison with gold-standard pathology analyses of subsequent biopsy tissue samples. Likewise, the SM overestimates kep, particularly for the benign tumors. Thus, incorporation of the SSM into the screening protocols would have precluded all 68% of the biopsy/pathology procedures that yielded benign findings. The SM/SSM difference is well understood from molecular first principles.

Download Full-text

Effect of Mineral Composition on Transverse Relaxation Time Distributions and MR Imaging of Tight Rocks from Offshore Ireland

Minerals ◽

10.3390/min10030232 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 10 (3) ◽

pp. 232

Author(s):

Stian Almenningen ◽

Srikumar Roy ◽

Arif Hussain ◽

John Georg Seland ◽

Geir Ersland

Keyword(s):

Magnetic Field ◽

Relaxation Time ◽

Mr Imaging ◽

Field Strength ◽

High Field ◽

Transverse Relaxation Time ◽

Transverse Relaxation ◽

The Core ◽

Low Field ◽

Field Strengths

In this paper, we investigate the effect of magnetic field strength on the transverse relaxation time constant (T2) in six distinct core plugs from four different rock types (three sandstones, one basalt, one volcanic tuff and one siltstone), retrieved from offshore Ireland. The CPMG pulse-sequence was used at two different magnetic field strengths: high-field at 4.70 T and low-field at 0.28 T. Axial images of the core plugs were also acquired with the RAREst sequence at high magnetic field strength. Thin-sections of the core plugs were prepared for optical imaging and SEM analysis, and provided qualitative information on the porosity and quantification of the elemental composition of the rock material. The content of iron varied from 4 wt. % to close to zero in the rock samples. Nevertheless, the effective T2 distributions obtained at low-field were used to successfully predict the porosity of the core plugs. Severe signal attenuations from internal magnetic gradients resulted in an underestimation of the porosity at high-field. No definitive trend was identified on the evolution of discrete relaxation time components between magnetic field strengths. The low-field measurements demonstrate that NMR is a powerful quantitative tool for petrophysical rock analysis as compared to thin-section analysis. The results of this study are of interest to the research community who characterizes natural gas hydrates in tight heterogeneous core plugs, and who typically relies on MR imaging to distinguish between solid hydrates and fluid phases. It further exemplifies the importance of selecting appropriate magnetic field strengths when employing NMR/MRI for porosity calculation in tight rock.

Download Full-text

MR Imaging Relaxometry Allows Noninvasive Characterization of in Vivo Differentiation of Muscle Precursor Cells

Radiology ◽

10.1148/radiol.14140483 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 274 (3) ◽

pp. 800-809 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Natalie C. Chuck ◽

Fahd Azzabi Zouraq ◽

Markus Rottmar ◽

Daniel Eberli ◽

Andreas Boss

Keyword(s):

Mr Imaging ◽

Precursor Cells ◽

Muscle Precursor ◽

Noninvasive Characterization ◽

In Vivo Differentiation ◽

Muscle Precursor Cells

Download Full-text

Synthesis and characterization of dextran stabilized superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles for in vivo MR imaging of liver fibrosis

Carbohydrate Polymers ◽

10.1016/j.carbpol.2013.10.015 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 101 ◽

pp. 760-768 ◽

Cited By ~ 50

Author(s):

Ariya Saraswathy ◽

Shaiju. S. Nazeer ◽

Nirmala Nimi ◽

Sabareeswaran Arumugam ◽

Sachin. J. Shenoy ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Iron Oxide ◽

Liver Fibrosis ◽

Mr Imaging ◽

Iron Oxide Nanoparticles ◽

Superparamagnetic Iron Oxide ◽

Superparamagnetic Iron Oxide Nanoparticles ◽

Synthesis And Characterization ◽

Oxide Nanoparticles

Download Full-text

Novel Image Analysis Approach Quantifies Morphological Characteristics of 3D Breast Culture Acini with Varying Metastatic Potentials

Journal of Biomedicine and Biotechnology ◽

10.1155/2012/102036 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 2012 ◽

pp. 1-16 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

Lindsey McKeen Polizzotti ◽

Basak Oztan ◽

Chris S. Bjornsson ◽

Katherine R. Shubert ◽

Bülent Yener ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Breast Cancer ◽

Image Analysis ◽

Three Dimensional ◽

Morphological Characteristics ◽

Tissue Samples ◽

Metastatic Cascade ◽

Automated Grading

Prognosis of breast cancer is primarily predicted by the histological grading of the tumor, where pathologists manually evaluate microscopic characteristics of the tissue. This labor intensive process suffers from intra- and inter-observer variations; thus, computer-aided systems that accomplish this assessment automatically are in high demand. We address this by developing an image analysis framework for the automated grading of breast cancer inin vitrothree-dimensional breast epithelial acini through the characterization of acinar structure morphology. A set of statistically significant features for the characterization of acini morphology are exploited for the automated grading of six (MCF10 series) cell line cultures mimicking three grades of breast cancer along the metastatic cascade. In addition to capturing both expected and visually differentiable changes, we quantify subtle differences that pose a challenge to assess through microscopic inspection. Our method achieves 89.0% accuracy in grading the acinar structures as nonmalignant, noninvasive carcinoma, and invasive carcinoma grades. We further demonstrate that the proposed methodology can be successfully applied for the grading ofin vivotissue samples albeit with additional constraints. These results indicate that the proposed features can be used to describe the relationship between the acini morphology and cellular function along the metastatic cascade.

Download Full-text