scholarly journals Enzyme-Assisted Mechanical Peeling of Cassava Tubers

Catalysts ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 66
Author(s):  
Ziba Barati ◽  
Sajid Latif ◽  
Sebastian Romuli ◽  
Joachim Müller
Keyword(s):  
Response Surface Methodology ◽  
Response Surface ◽  
Surface Area ◽  
Incubation Time ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Optimum Operating ◽  
Optimum Conditions ◽  
Peeling Process ◽  
Pre Treatment

In this study, the effect of enzymatic pre-treatment and the size of cassava tubers on mechanical peeling was examined. Cassava tubers were sorted based on their mass as small, medium and large. Viscozyme® L and an abrasive cassava peeling machine was used for the enzymatic pre-treatment and the mechanical peeling, respectively. Response surface methodology (RSM) was used to investigate the effect of the enzyme dose (0.5–1.9 mL g−1), incubation time (1.5–6 h), peeling time (1.5–4.5 min) and size of the tubers (small, medium and large) on the peeling process. Peeled surface area (PSA) and peel loss (PL) were measured as main responses in RSM. Results showed that the PSA and PL were significantly (p < 0.05) influenced by the enzyme dose, incubation time and peeling time. The size of tubers only had a significant impact on the PSA. The optimum operating conditions for different sizes of tubers were found and validated. Under optimum conditions, the PSA of the large tubers (89.52%) was significantly higher than the PSA of the medium and small tubers (p < 0.05). Application of enzymatic pre-treatment can improve the mechanical peeling process especially for larger cassava tubers.

scholarly journals Freeze–Thaw Pre-Treatment of Cassava Tubers to Improve Efficiency of Mechanical Peeling

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (14) ◽  
pp. 2856 ◽  
Author(s):  
Barati ◽  
Latif ◽  
Romuli ◽  
Müller
Keyword(s):  
Response Surface Methodology ◽  
Response Surface ◽  
Surface Area ◽  
Incubation Time ◽  
Rotational Speed ◽  
Operational Parameters ◽  
Freeze Thaw ◽  
Improve Efficiency ◽  
Peeling Process ◽  
Pre Treatment

The effect of a freeze–thaw pre-treatment (FTP) on the peeling process of cassava tubers was investigated in this study. The length and weight of the cassava tubers varied from 200 to 280 mm and 500 to 900 g, respectively. A prototype abrasive cassava peeling machine was used. The operational parameters were the rotational speed of the brushes (550–1150 rpm), peeling time (1–5 min), thawing temperature (50–90 °C), and incubation time of the thawing treatment (0–120 s). Response surface methodology was applied to optimize FTP to improve the peeling process of cassava tubers. Peeled surface area and peel loss were measured as the responses. Results revealed that the peeled surface area and peel loss were significantly influenced by the rotational speed of the brushes, peeling time, and the incubation time of the thawing treatment (p < 0.05). Under optimal peeling conditions, with a rotational speed of 1000 rpm, a peeling time of 3.4 min, a thawing temperature of 59 °C, and an incubation time of 90 s, the peeled surface and the peel loss were approximately 99.5 and 19%, respectively. The results show that the use of FTP can improve cassava peeling by softening the peels and increasing the peeled surface area.

scholarly journals Enzyme optimization to reduce the viscosity of pitanga (Eugenia uniflora L.) juice

2016 ◽  
Vol 19 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ricardo Schmitz Ongaratto ◽  
Luiz Antonio Viotto
Keyword(s):  
Response Surface Methodology ◽  
Response Surface ◽  
Incubation Time ◽  
Regression Models ◽  
Incubation Temperature ◽  
Correlation Coefficients ◽  
Enzyme Concentration ◽  
Optimum Conditions ◽  
Activity Time ◽  
Independent Variables

Summary The aim of this work was to separately evaluate the effects of pectinase and cellulase on the viscosity of pitanga juice, and determine the optimum conditions for their use employing response surface methodology. The independent variables were pectinase concentration (0-2.0 mg.g–1) and cellulase concentration (0-1.0 mg.g–1), activity time (10-110 min) and incubation temperature (23.2-56.8 °C). The use of pectinase and cellulase reduced the viscosity by about 15% and 25%, respectively. The results showed that enzyme concentration was the most important factor followed by activity time, and for the application of cellulase the incubation temperature had a significant effect too. The regression models showed correlation coefficients (R2) near to 0.90. The pectinase application conditions that led to the lowest viscosity were: concentration of 1.7 mg.g–1, incubation temperature of 37.6 °C and incubation time of 80 minutes, while for cellulase the values were: concentration of 1.0 mg.g-1, temperature range of 25 °C to 35 °C and incubation time of 110 minutes.

scholarly journals Design and Optimization of a Process for Sugarcane Molasses Fermentation bySaccharomyces cerevisiaeUsing Response Surface Methodology

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nour Sh. El-Gendy ◽  
Hekmat R. Madian ◽  
Salem S. Abu Amr
Keyword(s):  
Response Surface Methodology ◽  
Response Surface ◽  
Batch Fermentation ◽  
Fermentation Process ◽  
Incubation Temperature ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Quadratic Model ◽  
Optimum Operating ◽  
Sugarcane Molasses ◽  
Bioethanol Production

A statistical model was developed in this study to describe bioethanol production through a batch fermentation process of sugarcane molasses by locally isolatedSaccharomyces cerevisiaeY-39. Response surface methodology RSM based on central composite face centered design CCFD was employed to statistically evaluate and optimize the conditions for maximum bioethanol production and study the significance and interaction of incubation period, initial pH, incubation temperature, and molasses concentration on bioethanol yield. With the use of the developed quadratic model equation, a maximum ethanol production of 255 g/L was obtained in a batch fermentation process at optimum operating conditions of approximately 71 h, pH 5.6, 38°C, molasses concentration 18% wt.%, and 100 rpm.

scholarly journals Fixed bed utilization for the isolation of xylene vapor: Kinetics and optimization using response surface methodology and artificial neural network

2020 ◽  
Vol 26 (2) ◽  
pp. 200105-0
Author(s):  
Kaushal Naresh Gupta ◽  
Rahul Kumar
Keyword(s):  
Neural Network ◽  
Artificial Neural Network ◽  
Response Surface Methodology ◽  
Response Surface ◽  
Flow Rate ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Optimum Operating ◽  
Operating Parameters ◽  
Bed Height ◽  
Artificial Neural

This paper discusses the isolation of xylene vapor through adsorption using granular activated carbon as an adsorbent. The operating parameters investigated were bed height, inlet xylene concentration and flow rate, their influence on the percentage utilization of the adsorbent bed up to the breakthrough was found out. Mathematical modeling of experimental data was then performed by employing a response surface methodology (RSM) technique to obtain a set of optimum operating conditions to achieve maximum percentage utilization of bed till breakthrough. A fairly high value of R2 (0.993) asserted the proposed polynomial equation’s validity. ANOVA results indicated the model to be highly significant with respect to operating parameters studied. A maximum of 76.1% utilization of adsorbent bed was found out at a bed height of 0.025 m, inlet xylene concentration of 6,200 ppm and a gas flow rate of 25 mL.min-1. Furthermore, the artificial neural network (ANN) was also employed to compute the percentage utilization of the adsorbent bed. A comparison between RSM and ANN divulged the performance of the latter (R2 = 0.99907) to be slightly better. Out of various kinetic models studied, the Yoon-Nelson model established its appropriateness in anticipating the breakthrough curves.

scholarly journals Optimisation of Tray Drier Microalgae Dewatering Techniques Using Response Surface Methodology

Energies ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (9) ◽  
pp. 2327 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ruth Anyanwu ◽  
Cristina Rodriguez ◽  
Andy Durrant ◽  
Abdul Olabi
Keyword(s):  
Response Surface Methodology ◽  
Response Surface ◽  
Air Temperature ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Optimum Operating ◽  
Slight Effect ◽  
Air Velocity ◽  
Independent Variables ◽  
Air Supply ◽  
Central Composite

The feasibility of the application of a tray drier in dewatering microalgae was investigated. Response surface methodology (RSM) based on Central Composite Design (CCD) was used to evaluate and optimise the effect of air temperature and air velocity as independent variables on the dewatering efficiency as a response function. The significance of independent variables and their interactions was tested by means of analysis of variance (ANOVA) with a 95% confidence level. Results indicate that the air supply temperature was the main parameter affecting dewatering efficiency, while air velocity had a slight effect on the process. The optimum operating conditions to achieve maximum dewatering were determined: air velocities and temperatures ranged between 4 to 10 m/s and 40 to 56 °C respectively. An optimised dewatering efficiency of 92.83% was achieved at air an velocity of 4 m/s and air temperature of 48 °C. Energy used per 1 kg of dry algae was 0.34 kWh.

Optimization of oil bleaching parameters, using response surface methodology, for acid-activated sepiolite from Iran

Clay Minerals ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 50 (5) ◽  
pp. 639-648 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mojtaba Saneei ◽  
Sayed Amir Hossein Goli ◽  
Javad Keramat
Keyword(s):  
Response Surface Methodology ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Free Fatty Acid ◽  
Specific Surface ◽  
Response Surface ◽  
Surface Area ◽  
Canola Oil ◽  
Bleaching Agent ◽  
Optimum Conditions ◽  
Β Carotene

AbstractAn Iranian sepiolite was activated with 1.5 M HCl. During activation, the specific surface area increased from 105 to 168 m2/g and the SiO2 content increased from 45.4 to 51.6%. The roles of temperature and time and the amount of acid-activated sepiolite used, were investigated and the optimum conditions, where chlorophyll, β-carotene, free fatty acid and peroxide were at their minimum levels, were determined for bleaching of canola oil by applying response surface methodology (RSM). Optimum bleaching conditions were obtained by adding 3% of acid-activated sepiolite at a temperature of 110°C with a bleaching time of 42.46 min during which, the amount of chlorophyll-α, β-carotene, free fatty acid and peroxide were reduced from 12.30 to 0.35 mg/kg, 49.15 to 14.98 mg/kg, 0.62 to 0.15%, and 3.87 to 2.14 meq O2/kg of oil, respectively. At optimum conditions, sepiolite displayed a greater capacity for removal of chlorophyll and β-carotene than a commercial bentonite bleaching agent.

scholarly journals Evaluating Pre- and Post-Coagulation Configuration of Dissolved Air Flotation Using Response Surface Methodology

Processes ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 383 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emmanuel Kweinor Tetteh ◽  
Sudesh Rathilal
Keyword(s):  
Response Surface Methodology ◽  
Response Surface ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Post Treatment ◽  
Oil Refinery ◽  
Optimum Conditions ◽  
Dissolved Air Flotation ◽  
Air Flotation ◽  
Pre Treatment ◽  
Dissolved Air

The effects of coagulation-dissolved air flotation (DAF) process configuration was studied on oil refinery wastewater. The configuration was done in two ways: acid-coagulation-DAF (pre-treatment) and acid-DAF-coagulation (post-treatment). Two different cationic and polymeric organic coagulants were employed in this study to compare their treatability performance with the two aforementioned configurations. All the coagulants applied before the DAF were found to be effective, with over 85% more contaminant removal efficiency than their post-treatment. Alum, being the most cost-effective coagulant, was then employed with response surface methodology (RSM) to obtain the optimum conditions. These include a coagulant dosage of 100 mg/L, air saturator pressure of 375 kPa and air–water ratio of 10% vol/vol corresponding to a desirability of 92% for the removal of oily pollutants from a local South Africa oil refinery’s wastewater. With the response quadratic models that were developed, the optimum conditions were tested experimentally, which were consistent with the models predicted results at a 95% confidence level.

scholarly journals Application of Response Surface Methodology for Optimization of Permeabilization Process of Baker’s Yeast

2014 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 31-35 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ilona Trawczyńska ◽  
Marek Wójcik
Keyword(s):  
Response Surface Methodology ◽  
Response Surface ◽  
Catalase Activity ◽  
Isopropyl Alcohol ◽  
Treatment Time ◽  
Baker’S Yeast ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Yeast Cells ◽  
Optimum Operating ◽  
Baker's Yeast

Abstract Permeabilization was used for the purpose of transforming the cells of microorganisms into biocatalysts with an enhanced enzyme activity. Baker’s yeast cells were permeabilized with various organic solvents. A high degree of catalase activity was observed upon permeabilization with acetone, chloroform, isopropyl alcohol and ethyl acetate. Response surface methodology was used to model the effect of concentration of isopropyl alcohol, temperature and treatment time on the permeabilization of baker’s yeast cells to maximize the decomposition of H2O2. The optimum operating conditions for permeabilization were observed at 53.7% concentration of isopropyl alcohol, treatment time of 40 min and temperature of 15.6oC. A maximum value of catalase activity was found to be 6.188 U/g wet wt. and was ca. 60 times higher than the catalytic activity of yeast not treated by the permeabilization process.

scholarly journals Arsenic removal by the micellar-enhanced ultrafiltration using response surface methodology

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 574-585 ◽  
Author(s):  
Oznur Begum Gokcek ◽  
Nigmet Uzal
Keyword(s):  
Response Surface Methodology ◽  
Aqueous Solutions ◽  
Response Surface ◽  
Removal Efficiency ◽  
Surfactant Concentration ◽  
Arsenic Removal ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Optimum Operating ◽  
Micellar Enhanced Ultrafiltration ◽  
The Impact

Abstract The present research investigates the removal of arsenic (As) from aqueous solutions using micellar-enhanced ultrafiltration (MEUF) by utilizing two different surfactants: benzethonium chloride and dodecyl pyridinium chloride (BCl and DPCl). The impact of the operating variables and maximum removal efficiency were found under different conditions for BCl and DPCl surfactants. The maximum As rejection efficiency for MEUF with BCl and DPCl surfactants is 92.8% and 84.1%, respectively. In addition to this, a statistics-based experimental design with response surface methodology was used for the purpose of examining the impact of operating conditions, including initial pH, initial As concentration (ppb), and surfactant concentration (BCl, mM) in As-removal from aqueous solutions. In the analysis of the experimental data, a second-order polynomial model that was validated by statistical analysis for the BCl surfactant was used. On the basis of the response model created, the removal of As ions was acquired at optimum operating parameters, including the initial As concentration of 150 ppb, surfactant concentration of 5 mM and pH 10 for the BCl surfactant with 92.8% As-removal efficiency.

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