scholarly journals Bioconversion of Sweet Sorghum Residues by Trichoderma citrinoviride C1 Enzymes Cocktail for Effective Bioethanol Production

Catalysts ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (11) ◽  
pp. 1292
Author(s):  
Anna Kancelista ◽  
Joanna Chmielewska ◽  
Paweł Korzeniowski ◽  
Wojciech Łaba
Keyword(s):  
Sweet Sorghum ◽  
Enzyme Preparation ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Bioethanol Production ◽  
Crude Enzyme Extract ◽  
Hydrolysis Process ◽  
Enzyme Cocktail ◽  
The One ◽  
Trichoderma Citrinoviride ◽  
The Cost

Improved cost-effective bioethanol production using inexpensive enzymes preparation was investigated. Three types of waste lignocellulosic materials were converted—for the production of enzyme preparation, a mixture of sugar beet pulp and wheat bran, while the source of sugars in hydrolysates was sweet sorghum biomass. A novel enzyme cocktail of Trichoderma citrinoviride C1 is presented. The one-step ultrafiltration process of crude enzyme extract resulted in a threefold increase of cellulolytic and xylanolytic activities. The effectiveness of enzyme preparation, compared to Cellic® CTec2, was tested in an optimized enzymatic hydrolysis process. Depending on the test conditions, hydrolysates with different glucose concentrations were obtained—from 6.3 g L−1 to 14.6 g L−1 (representing from 90% to 79% of the CTec2 enzyme yield, respectively). Furthermore, ethanol production by Saccharomyces cerevisiae SIHA Active Yeast 6 strain DF 639 in optimal conditions reached about 120 mL kg d.m.−1 (75% compared with the CTec2 process). The achieved yields suggested that the produced enzyme cocktail C1 could be potentially used to reduce the cost of bioethanol production from sweet sorghum biomass.

scholarly journals Biorefinery Gets Hot: Thermophilic Enzymes and Microorganisms for Second-Generation Bioethanol Production

Processes ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (9) ◽  
pp. 1583
Author(s):  
Luca Zuliani ◽  
Annabel Serpico ◽  
Mario De Simone ◽  
Nicola Frison ◽  
Salvatore Fusco
Keyword(s):  
Second Generation ◽  
Hydrolytic Enzyme ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Environmental Crisis ◽  
Bioethanol Production ◽  
Thermophilic Enzymes ◽  
Second Generation Bioethanol ◽  
Feed Production ◽  
Variable Nature ◽  
The Cost

To mitigate the current global energy and the environmental crisis, biofuels such as bioethanol have progressively gained attention from both scientific and industrial perspectives. However, at present, commercialized bioethanol is mainly derived from edible crops, thus raising serious concerns given its competition with feed production. For this reason, lignocellulosic biomasses (LCBs) have been recognized as important alternatives for bioethanol production. Because LCBs supply is sustainable, abundant, widespread, and cheap, LCBs-derived bioethanol currently represents one of the most viable solutions to meet the global demand for liquid fuel. However, the cost-effective conversion of LCBs into ethanol remains a challenge and its implementation has been hampered by several bottlenecks that must still be tackled. Among other factors related to the challenging and variable nature of LCBs, we highlight: (i) energy-demanding pretreatments, (ii) expensive hydrolytic enzyme blends, and (iii) the need for microorganisms that can ferment mixed sugars. In this regard, thermophiles represent valuable tools to overcome some of these limitations. Thus, the aim of this review is to provide an overview of the state-of-the-art technologies involved, such as the use of thermophilic enzymes and microorganisms in industrial-relevant conditions, and to propose possible means to implement thermophiles into second-generation ethanol biorefineries that are already in operation.

scholarly journals Treatment for Severe Lupus Nephritis: A Cost-Effectiveness Analysis in China

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zonglin Dai ◽  
Xi Zhang ◽  
Irene OL Wong ◽  
Eric HY Lau ◽  
Zhiming Lin
Keyword(s):  
Cost Effectiveness ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Gdp Per Capita ◽  
Effective Strategy ◽  
Lifetime Horizon ◽  
Clinical Prognosis ◽  
Cost Effective Strategy ◽  
Per Capita ◽  
The One ◽  
The Cost

Background: Lupus nephritis (LN) is the most common secondary glomerular diseases that will cause end-stage renal disease (ESRD) and renal-related death. The cost-effectiveness of various treatments for LN recommended by official guidelines has not been investigated in China. Our study is to evaluate clinical prognosis and cost-effectiveness of the current treatments for severe LN.Methods: A Markov model was simulated for 1,000 LN patients of 30 years old, over a 3-years and 30-years lifetime horizon respectively. We assessed the cost-effectiveness of six therapeutic strategies from a societal perspective, with cyclophosphamide (CYC) or mycophenolate mofetil (MMF) induction therapy followed by CYC, MMF or azathioprine (AZA) maintenance therapy. Main outcomes included quality-adjusted life years (QALYs), incremental cost-effectiveness ratio (ICER) and clinical prognosis. One and three times gross domestic product (GDP) per capita were used as the willingness-to-pay (WTP) thresholds. We also carried out sensitivity analysis under a lifetime horizon.Results: Compared with the baseline strategy of CYC induction and maintenance, for a 3-years horizon the most cost-effective strategy was CYC induction and AZA maintenance with $448 per QALY gained, followed by MMF induction and AZA maintenance which however was not cost-effective under the one times GDP per capita WTP threshold. For a lifetime horizon, CYC induction and AZA maintenance remained the most cost-effective strategy but MMF induction and maintenance became cost-effective under the one times GDP per capita WTP threshold and achieved a higher complete remission rate (57.2 versus 48.9%) and lower risks of ESRD (3.3 versus 5.8%) and all-cause mortality (36.0 versus 40.8%). The risk of developing ESRD during maintenance was the most influential parameter affecting ICER.Conclusions: The strategy of CYC induction followed by AZA maintenance was the most cost-effective strategy in China for short-term treatment, while the strategy of MMF in both induction and maintenance became cost-effective and yielded more desirable clinical outcomes for lifetime treatment. The uncertainty analysis supported the need for monitoring the progression to ESRD.

A review on Development and Characterization of a Cost-Effective Targeted Quality-Driven Antimalarial Product with an Emphasis on Phytosomes

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Bhargav ◽  
Y. Padmanabha Reddy ◽  
K.B. Koteshwara
Keyword(s):  
Low Income ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Low Income Countries ◽  
Development Of Resistance ◽  
Infected Rbcs ◽  
Resistant Strains ◽  
The One ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Neural Network Technology

Abstract : Malaria, a protozoan disease led to numerous deaths and several new million cases raised due to the development of resistance as per the WHO malaria report 2019. This can be overcome by the development of an effective targeted plant-based delivery system through phytosomes that are effective in permeation and bioavailability to treat infected RBCs (parasitic cells). This review article explained the development of targeted Nanophytosomes to overcome resistance, to improve efficacy. This review paper also emphasized various quality-driven developmental approaches in developing an antimalarial product at a reasonable cost. By implementing molecular modeling techniques in development, a significant phytoconstituent with the capability of acting at the target (receptor or enzymes) of the parasite and the one with the capability to overcome drug resistance against resistant strains of parasites can be identified. Absorption Distribution Metabolism Excretion and Toxicity (ADMET) studies information provide a route to the design and formulation of a potent antimalarial agent. Efficient targeted Nanophytosomal formulations can be formulated by functionalizing or conjugating with suitable targets to direct the phytoconstituent to the infected RBCs thereby achieving complete parasitic eradication. Artificial Neural Network technology (ANN), Quality by Design (QbD), molecular dynamics, and simulation studies implementation improves quality and reduces the cost of the product, as these malarial products are much utilized in low-income countries. Hence it can be concluded that targeted developmental quality-driven approaches implementation is essential for effective malarial treatment.

scholarly journals ANTIOXIDANT ACTIVITY OF PHENOLIC COMPOUNDS AS BYPRODUCT OF BIOETHANOL PRODUCTION FROM AGRO-WASTES

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 11-18
Author(s):  
V Manivasagan ◽  
K Susmitha ◽  
S Prabavathi ◽  
K Saranya ◽  
N G Ramesh Babu
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Sustainability ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Complex Mixture ◽  
Bioethanol Production ◽  
Lignocellulosic Substrate ◽  
Renewable Feedstocks ◽  
Ethanol Pretreatment ◽  
The One ◽  
The Cost

The present study aims to evaluate the potential of agro wastes such as apple pomace, Grasses, sugarcane bagasse as potential sources of bioethanol production. Bioethanol is the one of the recent increasing biofuels due to its positive impact on the environment and especially towards second generation of biofuels i.e. from non-food biomass. It’s produced from high sugar and starch containing raw materials and lignocellulosic biomass. Lignocellulose may be a complex mixture of carbohydrate that needs an efficient pretreatment for the assembly of fermentable sugar, after hydrolysis are fermented into ethanol. Pretreatment of lignocellulose has received considerable research globally thanks to economic and environmental sustainability of ethanol production. Microbes like Zymomonas mobilis, and Phanerochaete provide sufficient fermentation yield and can be utilized for fermenting lignocellulosic substrate. These microbes are isolated from the feedstock samples in the present study. A suitable media was also designed for the growth of the isolated microorganisms. The antioxidant tests were analyzed on the potential samples using UV-VIS spectrophotometer. Lowering the cost of bioethanol production is one of the biggest challenges currently and can be greatly reduced by utilizing renewable feedstocks. Thus, making bioethanol is more economically competitive compared to fossil fuel.

scholarly journals Application of Structure from Mortion in Japanese Archaeology

2015 ◽  
Vol XL-5/W7 ◽  
pp. 235-239 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Kaneda ◽  
Y.A. Nawabi ◽  
H. Yamaguchi
Keyword(s):  
Cost Effective ◽  
Archaeological Site ◽  
3 Dimensional ◽  
Archaeological Data ◽  
Cost Effective Method ◽  
Complicated Form ◽  
Long Time ◽  
Aerial Vehicle ◽  
The One ◽  
The Cost

In Japan, archaeological excavations carry out over fifty thousand times per year. Nowadays, archaeological data is accumulated day by day. To record these documentation about archaeological data, it is desirable to the documentation of their shape in 3-dimensional form. Structure from Motion (SfM) is the one of the cost effective method to record the 3D documentation. This paper introduces application of SfM technology to examine the validity of an archaeological documentation in Japanese archaeology in recent year. Whenever, a complicated form finding has to be recorded at an archaeological excavation. It often requires a long time to create by a traditional manual drawing. For example, a well made of reuse roof tiles, garden stones and stone chamber. By using SfM, the time spent working at the archaeological site was greatly reduced. And many platforms to take an image at the variety of archaeological site's condition, like a small UAV (Unmanned Aerial Vehicle) are tested using for wider area recording. These methods are used in disaster stricken areas in East Japan.

scholarly journals Use of Impulse oscillometry for Diagnostic of Asthma in Preschoolers: A Cost-effectiveness Analysis

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jefferson Antonio Buendía ◽  
Diana Guerrero_Patiño
Keyword(s):  
Cost Effectiveness ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Sensitivity Analyses ◽  
Base Case ◽  
Impulse Oscillometry ◽  
Tree Model ◽  
Health Technologies ◽  
Patient Cooperation ◽  
The One ◽  
The Cost

Abstract BackgroundImpulse oscillometry is an alternative to measure lung function in preschoolers because is much simpler and can be performed in tidal breathing with minimal patient cooperation. The introduction of new health technologies such as impulse oscillometry raises concerns as if the extra benefit offered outweighs the additional cost compared to spirometry This study aimed to evaluate the cost-effectiveness of impulse oscillometry in preschoolers in Colombia.Methods We conducted a decision tree model to estimate the cost and proportion of correctly diagnosed cases of asthma of impulse oscillometry compared to spirometry in preschooler’s children between 3-6 years old . The analysis was carried out from a societal perspective. Multiple sensitivity analyses were conducted. Cost-effectiveness was evaluated at a willingness-to-pay value of $19,000. ResultsWith impulse oscillometry, the proportion of correctly diagnosed cases was 42%, while with spirometry was 39%. The expected cost estimated by the model for a patient diagnosed with IOS was U$ 174 while with spirometry was U$ 99. The incremental cost-effectiveness ratio estimated in the probabilistic model was US$ 6881. The one-way and probabilistic sensitivity analyses, our base‐case results were robust to variations of all assumptions and parameters Conclusion Impulse oscillometry was found to be cost-effective for the diagnosis of asthma in preschoolers. Our results should stimulate further research to expand the use of this diagnostic test in developing countries.

scholarly journals Management of low nitrogen input with potassium and phosphorus fertilizers for cropping system and yield of Sweet Sorghum Crop (Sorghum bicolour L. Moench) in a field experiment at Panskura, East Midnapore, West Bengal

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pradip Roy ◽  
Satakshi Basu ◽  
Jayeeta Chatterjee ◽  
Indrani Chakraborty ◽  
Rohan Dutta ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sweet Sorghum ◽  
West Bengal ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Cropping System ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Fertilizer Treatment ◽  
High Potassium ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Low Nitrogen

A plot experiment was supervised in open pollinated field to evaluate the response of lower doses of Nitrogen combined with standard to high potassium and Phosphorus doses and the relative effects on sweet sorghum (Sorghum bicolor L. Moench) yield in Panskura Agriculture Field located at East Midnapore of West Bengal during 2017-18 in a randomized block design (RBD) with three replications. Data were collected on every 30 days interval starting from 40 Days After Sowing (DAS) to 130 DAS. Results revealed that maximum plant height of 193.4 cm was observed in N3P2K2 treatment at 130 DAS, maximum green biomass of 26.84 t/ha was observed with N3P2K3 treatment at 100 DAS, maximum sugar concentration of 10.07 % was observed with N3P2K2 treatment at 100 DAS and highest sugar yield of 1896.88 kg/ha with the same ratio of fertilizer treatment. All the parameters were evaluated to identify the cost-effective status as well as the significance of the study.

scholarly journals The Study of Cost-Effectiveness of Rivaroxaban versus Warfarin in Patients with Atrial Fibrillation Who Developed Ischemic Stroke

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Neda Jaberi ◽  
Zahra Kavosi ◽  
Etrat Hooshmandi ◽  
Nasrin Moradi ◽  
Khosro Keshavarz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Atrial Fibrillation ◽  
Sensitivity Analysis ◽  
Ischemic Stroke ◽  
Cost Effectiveness ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Evaluation Study ◽  
Intermediate Outcomes ◽  
The Social ◽  
The One ◽  
The Cost

Introduction. Rivaroxaban is a new anticoagulant providing benefits for the treatment of patients with atrial fibrillation (AF). This study is aimed at evaluating the cost-effectiveness of rivaroxaban compared to warfarin in patients with AF. Method. This economic evaluation study was conducted among 144 selected nonrandomly patients who were treated with rivaroxaban or warfarin and suffered from AF leading to stroke, in the stroke ward of Shiraz Nemazee Hospital in 2019. The final and clinical (intermediate) outcomes were QALYs and no bleeding and prevention of ischemic stroke, respectively. The study was performed from the social perspective, and a deterministic one-way sensitivity analysis was conducted to identify the effects of uncertainty. The analysis of the collected data was carried out using SPSS18 and TreeAge software. Results. Patients who received rivaroxaban had lower costs ($ 25275 vs. $ 26554) and higher QALYs (0.5 vs. 0.33) compared to those taking warfarin. Bleeding and stroke occurred in (9 vs. 40) and (1 vs. 3) patients in the rivaroxaban and warfarin groups, respectively, and there was a significant decrease in the incidence of bleeding in the rivaroxaban group (81.9% vs 44.4%). Thus, rivaroxaban in all the outcomes was cheaper and more effective than warfarin. The one-way sensitivity analysis confirmed the robustness of the results. Conclusions. Considering the incremental cost-effectiveness ratio, rivaroxaban is more cost-effective and can be a dominant alternative. Therefore, it is suggested to use rivaroxaban as the first priority in AF patients because rivaroxaban reduces costs and increases clinical outcomes compared with warfarin.

scholarly journals Cost-Effective Supporting Materials for Immobilization of Yeast by Using Sweet Sorghum Juice for Bioethanol Production

2020 ◽  
Vol 64 (03) ◽  
pp. 99-104
Author(s):  
Ravi Danavath ◽  
Chiranjeevi Tulluri ◽  
Kanakaraju Yerra ◽  
Vani Gandham ◽  
Uma Addepally
Keyword(s):  
Sweet Sorghum ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Bioethanol Production ◽  
Sweet Sorghum Juice ◽  
Supporting Materials

scholarly journals Lessons Learned from 10 Years of ANITA Mox for Sidestream Treatment

Processes ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (5) ◽  
pp. 863
Author(s):  
Romain Lemaire ◽  
Magnus Christensson
Keyword(s):  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Lessons Learned ◽  
Biofilm Reactor ◽  
Reject Water ◽  
Hydrolysis Process ◽  
Effective Removal ◽  
The Us ◽  
Sidestream Treatment ◽  
The Cost

When a wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) uses anaerobic digestion (AD) on its sludge treatment line, the opportunity to install a sidestream deammonification process for the cost-effective removal of the N-rich reject water load generated by the sludge digester should be considered. In this context, the ANITA™ Mox process based on the moving bed biofilm reactor (MBBR) technology has been implemented at more than 30 full-scale facilities over the last 10 years to treat reject water from conventional AD or after thermal hydrolysis process (THP) to reduce the N-load and associated treatment costs on the WWTP. This paper reviews the lessons learned in the implementation of the ANITA™ Mox process at several WWTP in the US, Europe, and Australia.

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