scholarly journals Biocatalysis with Laccases: An Updated Overview

Catalysts ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 26
Author(s):  
Ivan Bassanini ◽  
Erica Elisa Ferrandi ◽  
Sergio Riva ◽  
Daniela Monti
Keyword(s):  
Organic Synthesis ◽  
Alcohol Oxidation ◽  
Industrial Processes ◽  
Organic Substrates ◽  
Fine Chemicals ◽  
Multicopper Oxidases ◽  
Carbohydrate Chemistry ◽  
Nucleophilic Substitutions ◽  
Mediator System ◽  
Integrated Processes

Laccases are multicopper oxidases, which have been widely investigated in recent decades thanks to their ability to oxidize organic substrates to the corresponding radicals while producing water at the expense of molecular oxygen. Besides their successful (bio)technological applications, for example, in textile, petrochemical, and detoxifications/bioremediations industrial processes, their synthetic potentialities for the mild and green preparation or selective modification of fine chemicals are of outstanding value in biocatalyzed organic synthesis. Accordingly, this review is focused on reporting and rationalizing some of the most recent and interesting synthetic exploitations of laccases. Applications of the so-called laccase-mediator system (LMS) for alcohol oxidation are discussed with a focus on carbohydrate chemistry and natural products modification as well as on bio- and chemo-integrated processes. The laccase-catalyzed Csp2-H bonds activation via monoelectronic oxidation is also discussed by reporting examples of enzymatic C-C and C-O radical homo- and hetero-couplings, as well as of aromatic nucleophilic substitutions of hydroquinones or quinoids. Finally, the laccase-initiated domino/cascade synthesis of valuable aromatic (hetero)cycles, elegant strategies widely documented in the literature across more than three decades, is also presented.

scholarly journals Nitrile Synthesis with Aldoxime Dehydratases: A Biocatalytic Platform with Applications in Asymmetric Synthesis, Bulk Chemicals, and Biorefineries

Molecules ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (15) ◽  
pp. 4466
Author(s):  
Pablo Domínguez de María
Keyword(s):  
Asymmetric Synthesis ◽  
Organic Solvents ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Aqueous Media ◽  
Industrial Processes ◽  
Polymer Chemistry ◽  
Fine Chemicals ◽  
Mild Conditions ◽  
Bulk Chemicals ◽  
Recent Developments

Nitriles comprise a broad group of chemicals that are currently being industrially produced and used in fine chemicals and pharmaceuticals, as well as in bulk applications, polymer chemistry, solvents, etc. Aldoxime dehydratases catalyze the cyanide-free synthesis of nitriles starting from aldoximes under mild conditions, holding potential to become sustainable alternatives for industrial processes. Different aldoxime dehydratases accept a broad range of aldoximes with impressive high substrate loadings of up to >1 Kg L−1 and can efficiently catalyze the reaction in aqueous media as well as in non-aqueous systems, such as organic solvents and solvent-free (neat substrates). This paper provides an overview of the recent developments in this field with emphasis on strategies that may be of relevance for industry and sustainability. When possible, potential links to biorefineries and to the use of biogenic raw materials are discussed.

scholarly journals Current Status and Future of Nitrile Catalysis using Key Nitrilases Enzymes and their Biotechnological Impact

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 71-81
Author(s):  
Ashish Bhatt ◽  
Darshankumar Prajapati ◽  
Akshaya Gupte
Keyword(s):  
Organic Synthesis ◽  
Current Status ◽  
Fine Chemicals ◽  
Converting Enzyme ◽  
Waste Products ◽  
Current Review ◽  
Agricultural Industries ◽  
Widespread Interest ◽  
By Products ◽  
Classification Structure

Nitriles are organic compounds consisting of −C≡N group. They are frequently known to occur in nature and as intermediate by-products and waste products of various chemical, pharmaceutical, and agricultural industries. They are also found in fruit pits, cabbage, cauliflower, and sprouts, which are released upon hydrolysis. Nitrile converting enzymes like nitrilases have been extracted from microorganisms and plants. Nitrilase-mediated biocatalysis reactions have continuously aroused widespread interest to scientists and entrepreneurs in organic synthesis. Nitrile converting biocatalysts (Nitrilases) are now of substantial industrial interest from the perspective of treating toxic nitrile and cyanide-containing compounds. Nitrile degrading enzymes generally consist of nitrilases and amidases. The aim of the current review is to summarize the recent advancements on regioselective nitrilases concerning their fundamental researches and their application in the synthesis of series of high-value fine chemicals and pharmaceuticals. The present review also focuses on the utility of nitrile converting enzyme, sources, properties, classification, structure, and applications as well.

scholarly journals Organic synthesis of high added value molecules with MOF catalysts

2020 ◽  
Vol 18 (40) ◽  
pp. 8058-8073
Author(s):  
Nuria Martín ◽  
Francisco G. Cirujano
Keyword(s):  
Organic Synthesis ◽  
Added Value ◽  
Porous Solids ◽  
Fine Chemicals ◽  
Confined Spaces ◽  
Ordered Porous

Recent examples of organic synthesis of fine chemicals and pharmaceuticals in confined spaces of MOFs are highlighted and compared with silica-based ordered porous solids, such as zeolites or mesoporous (organo)silica.

scholarly journals Synthesis and Reactions of Five-Membered Heterocycles Using Phase Transfer Catalyst (PTC) Techniques

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-47 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ahmed M. El-Sayed ◽  
Omyma A. Abd Allah ◽  
Ahmed M. M. El-Saghier ◽  
Shaaban K. Mohamed
Keyword(s):  
Organic Synthesis ◽  
Phase Transfer Catalysis ◽  
Phase Transfer ◽  
Heterogeneous Reaction ◽  
Reaction Rates ◽  
Industrial Processes ◽  
Phase Transfer Catalysts ◽  
Traditional Technologies ◽  
Solid Liquid ◽  
Active Intermediates

Phase transfer catalysts (PTCs) have been widely used for the synthesis of organic compounds particularly in both liquid-liquid and solid-liquid heterogeneous reaction mixtures. They are known to accelerate reaction rates by facilitating formation of interphase transfer of species and making reactions between reagents in two immiscible phases possible. Application of PTC instead of traditional technologies for industrial processes of organic synthesis provides substantial benefits for the environment. On the basis of numerous reports it is evident that phase-transfer catalysis is the most efficient way for generation and reactions of many active intermediates. In this review we report various uses of PTC in syntheses and reactions of five-membered heterocycles compounds and their multifused rings.

Laccase-Mediator System for Alcohol Oxidation to Carbonyls or Carboxylic Acids: Toward a Sustainable Synthesis of Profens

ChemSusChem ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 7 (9) ◽  
pp. 2684-2689 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paola Galletti ◽  
Matteo Pori ◽  
Federica Funiciello ◽  
Roberto Soldati ◽  
Alberto Ballardini ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Carboxylic Acids ◽  
Alcohol Oxidation ◽  
Mediator System ◽  
Laccase Mediator System

Organic synthesis with tricarbonyliron lactone complexes

1988 ◽  
Vol 326 (1592) ◽  
pp. 633-640 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Natural Products ◽  
Total Synthesis ◽  
Selective Oxidation ◽  
Organic Synthesis ◽  
Lewis Acids ◽  
Iron Carbonyl ◽  
Organic Substrates ◽  
Carpenter Bee

π-Ally tricarbonyliron lactone complexes are useful precursors for organic synthesis. These stable complexes are readily prepared from a variety of organic substrates and may be respectively converted to β- and δ-lactones by selective oxidation or exhaustive carbonylation. The natural products massoialactone, parasorbic acid, the carpenter bee pheromone and malyngolide were prepared by using the iron carbonyl methodology, along with precursors for the ionophore antibiotic CP 61405 and avermectin B1a synthesis. Several corresponding lactam complexes were obtained by treatm ent of the π-allytricarbonyliron lactones with amines in the presence of Lewis acids. These complexes were used in the formal total synthesis of the nocardicins and ( + )-thienamycin.

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