scholarly journals Evaluation of the Heat Produced by the Hydrothermal Liquefaction of Wet Food Processing Residues and Model Compounds

2022 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 2
Author(s):  
Morgane Briand ◽  
Geert Haarlemmer ◽  
Anne Roubaud ◽  
Pascal Fongarland
Keyword(s):  
Glutamic Acid ◽  
Batch Reactor ◽  
Underlying Mechanism ◽  
Hydrothermal Liquefaction ◽  
Continuous Reactor ◽  
Heat Of Reaction ◽  
Model Compounds ◽  
Spent Grains ◽  
Food Residues ◽  
Heat Released

Hydrothermal liquefaction has proven itself as a promising pathway to the valorisation of low-value wet food residues. The chemistry is complex and many questions remain about the underlying mechanism of the transformation. Little is known about the heat of reaction, or even the thermal effects, of the hydrothermal liquefaction of real biomass and its constituents. This paper explores different methods to evaluate the heat released during the liquefaction of blackcurrant pomace and brewers’ spent grains. Some model compounds have also been evaluated, such as lignin, cellulose and glutamic acid. Exothermic behaviour was observed for blackcurrant pomace and brewers’ spent grains. Results obtained in a continuous reactor are similar to those obtained in a batch reactor. The heat release has been estimated between 1 MJ/kg and 3 MJ/kg for blackcurrant pomace and brewers’ spent grains, respectively. Liquefaction of cellulose and glucose also exhibit exothermic behaviour, while the transformation of lignin and glutamic acid present a slightly endothermic behaviour.

scholarly journals An In-Depth Process Model for Fuel Production via Hydrothermal Liquefaction and Catalytic Hydrotreating

Processes ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (7) ◽  
pp. 1172
Author(s):  
Leonard Moser ◽  
Christina Penke ◽  
Valentin Batteiger
Keyword(s):  
Process Model ◽  
Reaction Network ◽  
Hydrothermal Liquefaction ◽  
Process Chain ◽  
Fuel Production ◽  
Model Compounds ◽  
Point Distribution ◽  
Process Step ◽  
Elemental Analyses ◽  
Made In

One of the more promising technologies for future renewable fuel production from biomass is hydrothermal liquefaction (HTL). Although enormous progress in the context of continuous experiments on demonstration plants has been made in the last years, still many research questions concerning the understanding of the HTL reaction network remain unanswered. In this study, a unique process model of an HTL process chain has been developed in Aspen Plus® for three feedstock, microalgae, sewage sludge and wheat straw. A process chain consisting of HTL, hydrotreatment (HT) and catalytic hydrothermal gasification (cHTG) build the core process steps of the model, which uses 51 model compounds representing the hydrolysis products of the different biochemical groups lipids, proteins, carbohydrates, lignin, extractives and ash for modeling the biomass. Two extensive reaction networks of 272 and 290 reactions for the HTL and HT process step, respectively, lead to the intermediate biocrude (~200 model compounds) and the final upgraded biocrude product (~130 model compounds). The model can reproduce important characteristics, such as yields, elemental analyses, boiling point distribution, product fractions, density and higher heating values of experimental results from continuous experiments as well as literature values. The model can be applied as basis for techno-economic and environmental assessments of HTL fuel production, and may be further developed into a predictive yield modeling tool.

Hydrothermal liquefaction and gasification of biomass and model compounds: a review

2020 ◽  
Vol 22 (23) ◽  
pp. 8210-8232
Author(s):  
Chuang Yang ◽  
Shuzhong Wang ◽  
Jianqiao Yang ◽  
Donghai Xu ◽  
Yanhui Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hydrothermal Liquefaction ◽  
Model Compounds ◽  
Hydrothermal Conversion ◽  
Biocrude Oil

Catalytic hydrotreatment of HTL biocrude oil, SCWG of biomass, and hydrothermal conversion of model compounds are reviewed.

Physical Model of Aluminium Refining Process in the Batch and Continuous Reactors

2010 ◽  
Vol 654-656 ◽  
pp. 1553-1556 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mariola Saternus ◽  
Jan Botor
Keyword(s):  
Liquid Metal ◽  
Batch Reactor ◽  
Gas Bubbles ◽  
Physical Modelling ◽  
Processing Parameters ◽  
Refining Process ◽  
Continuous Reactor ◽  
Gas Dispersion ◽  
Uniform Dispersion ◽  
Over Dispersion

Both primary and secondary aluminium need to be refined. The most popular methods of aluminium refining is barbotage. This method is based on the introduction of refining gas bubbles into liquid metal. It can be done in batch or continuous reactors. The refining gas can be introduced to the metal by lances, ceramic porous plugs or rotary impellers. The gas bubbles generated in this way are then mixed with the liquid metal and the level of mixing depends on the processing parameters such as the flow rate of refining gas or the impeller speed. Five patterns of the refining gas dispersion in the liquid metal are known: no dispersion, minimal dispersion, intimate dispersion, uniform dispersion and over-dispersion. Physical modelling is the best way to visualize these kinds of dispersion. It also helps to choose the adequate processing parameters. However, it is also important to keep the dynamic and geometrical similarities to the refining process. In the paper the physical modelling of the aluminium refining process is presented. Two reactors: URO-200 batch reactor with a rotary impeller and URC-7000 continuous reactor with ceramic porous plugs were taken into consideration.

Single- and two-step hydrothermal liquefaction of microalgae in a semi-continuous reactor: Effect of the operating parameters

2015 ◽  
Vol 191 ◽  
pp. 426-432 ◽  
Author(s):  
Keerati Prapaiwatcharapan ◽  
Sasithorn Sunphorka ◽  
Prapan Kuchonthara ◽  
Kunn Kangvansaichol ◽  
Napida Hinchiranan
Keyword(s):  
Hydrothermal Liquefaction ◽  
Continuous Reactor ◽  
Operating Parameters

Biocrude oil production and nutrient recovery from algae by two-step hydrothermal liquefaction using a semi-continuous reactor

2014 ◽  
Vol 32 (1) ◽  
pp. 79-87 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sasithorn Sunphorka ◽  
Keerati Prapaiwatcharapan ◽  
Napida Hinchiranan ◽  
Kunn Kangvansaichol ◽  
Prapan Kuchonthara
Keyword(s):  
Oil Production ◽  
Hydrothermal Liquefaction ◽  
Continuous Reactor ◽  
Nutrient Recovery ◽  
Biocrude Oil

Visible and solar light photocatalytic disinfection of bacteria by N-doped TiO2

2014 ◽  
Vol 14 (5) ◽  
pp. 924-930 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. Arya ◽  
Ligy Philip
Keyword(s):  
Batch Reactor ◽  
Reaction Rates ◽  
Water Disinfection ◽  
Continuous Reactor ◽  
Pseudo First Order Reaction ◽  
Doped Tio2 ◽  
Complete Inactivation ◽  
Bicarbonate Ions ◽  
Solar Water Disinfection ◽  
Inactivation Of Bacteria

A water treatment system was developed based on a photocatalytic process, employing immobilized N-doped TiO2, which worked under solar radiation. Batch reactor studies were conducted using an immobilized and suspended form of N-doped TiO2. Activities of Degussa P-25 and N-doped TiO2 were compared. Optimization of catalyst concentration was also carried out. Reaction rates under different working conditions were compared. The bacterial kill followed a pseudo first-order reaction. Continuous reactor studies were carried out using N-doped TiO2 coated glass plates. Three-log inactivation of bacteria was obtained after a contact time of 40 min. The effects of turbidity, bicarbonate ions and organic matter were studied. It was found that the efficiency of the system decreased due to these components. Comparison of the performance of solar water-disinfection (SODIS) and solar photocatalytic treatment for disinfection of water was also carried out. The results showed that the suspended catalyst achieved complete inactivation in 1 h compared to SODIS which took 6 h. Bacterial regrowth was observed in the case of SODIS treatment whereas no bacterial growth was observed after solar photocatalytic treatment.

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