scholarly journals Overall Warming with Reduced Seasonality: Temperature Change in New England, USA, 1900–2020

Climate ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (12) ◽  
pp. 176
Author(s):  
Stephen S. Young ◽  
Joshua S. Young
Keyword(s):  
New England ◽  
Winter Season ◽  
The United States ◽  
Temperature Data ◽  
Seasonal Temperature ◽  
Temperature Changes ◽  
Rural Economies ◽  
Historical Climatology ◽  
Average Annual Temperature ◽  
Maximum Temperatures

The ecology, economy, and cultural heritage of New England is grounded in its seasonal climate, and this seasonality is now changing as the world warms due to human activity. This research uses temperature data from the U.S. Historical Climatology Network (USHCN) to analyze annual and seasonal temperature changes in the New England region of the United States from 1900 to 2020 at the regional and state levels. Results show four broad trends: (1) New England and each of the states (annually and seasonally) have warmed considerably between 1900 and 2020; (2) all of the states and the region as a whole show three general periods of change (warming, cooling, and then warming again); (3) the winter season is experiencing the greatest warming; and (4) the minimum temperatures are generally warming more than the average and maximum temperatures, especially since the 1980s. The average annual temperature (analyzed at the 10-year and the five-year average levels) for every state, and New England as a whole, has increased greater than 1.5 °C from 1900 to 2020. This warming is diminishing the distinctive four-season climate of New England, resulting in changes to the region’s ecology and threatening the rural economies throughout the region.

scholarly journals A Comparison of Temperature Data from Automated and Manual Observing Networks in Georgia and Impacts of Siting Characteristics

2016 ◽  
Vol 33 (7) ◽  
pp. 1473-1494 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jason Allard ◽  
Paul C. Vincent ◽  
Jeromy R. McElwaney ◽  
Gerrit Hoogenboom
Keyword(s):  
Abrupt Change ◽  
Monitoring Network ◽  
Nocturnal Boundary Layer ◽  
Temperature Data ◽  
Land Use Land Cover ◽  
Local Conditions ◽  
Climate Record ◽  
Seasonal Maximum ◽  
Historical Climatology ◽  
Maximum Temperatures

AbstractThe objectives of this study were to compare average monthly and seasonal maximum and minimum temperatures of the Georgia Automated Environmental Monitoring Network (AEMN) to those of geographically close (i.e., paired) manual observations from U.S. Historical Climatology Network (USHCN) stations and Cooperative Observer Program (COOP) stations for the period 2002–13, and to evaluate the extent to which differences in siting characteristics of paired AEMN–USHCN stations contribute to the temperature differences. Correlations for monthly and seasonal maximum and minimum temperatures of paired AEMN–USHCN and AEMN–COOP stations were high and almost always significant, although the correlations for seasonal minimum temperatures were slightly lower than those of maximum temperatures, especially for summer. Monthly maximum and minimum temperatures and seasonal maximum temperatures of paired AEMN–USHCN and AEMN–COOP stations were significantly different in only a few instances, while seasonal minimum temperatures were more often significantly different, particularly for summer. The stronger relationship between maximum temperatures than minimum temperatures for paired stations is logical given that minimum temperatures typically occur when a shallow, decoupled nocturnal boundary layer is more sensitive to local conditions [e.g., land use/land cover (LULC)]. Stepwise regressions confirmed that a portion of the variance of seasonal minimum temperatures of paired AEMN–USHCN stations was explained by differences in LULC, while the variance in seasonal maximum temperatures was explained better by differences in elevation. Despite the generally close relationships between temperatures of paired stations and a portion of the differences being explained, an abrupt change from manual networks to the AEMN without data adjustments would change the Georgia climate record on monthly and seasonal time scales.

scholarly journals Distinct Hydrological Signatures in Observed Historical Temperature Fields

2006 ◽  
Vol 7 (5) ◽  
pp. 1061-1075 ◽  
Author(s):  
Randal D. Koster ◽  
Max J. Suarez ◽  
Siegfried D. Schubert
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
General Circulation ◽  
Circulation Model ◽  
The United States ◽  
Temperature Fields ◽  
Seasonal Temperature ◽  
Temperature Variance ◽  
Geographical Patterns ◽  
Historical Climatology ◽  
Historical Temperature

Abstract In an atmospheric general circulation model (AGCM), the physical bounds on soil moisture content and the nonlinear relationship between soil moisture and evaporation lead to distinct geographical patterns in key surface energy and water balance variables. In particular, simple hydrological considerations suggest—and extensive AGCM simulations confirm—that the variance and skew of seasonally averaged [June–August (JJA)] air temperature on the planet should be maximized in specific, and different, regions: a variance maximum should appear on the dry side of the soil moisture variance maximum, and a positive skew maximum should appear on the wet side of the temperature variance maximum. These ideas are tested with multidecade observational temperature data from the Global Historical Climatology Network (GHCN). In the United States, where sufficient data exist, the predicted patterns in the seasonal temperature moments show up where expected. These results suggest that hydrological considerations do indeed control the patterns of seasonal temperature variance and skew in nature.

A Shifting Seasonality of Schizophrenic Births

1979 ◽  
Vol 134 (2) ◽  
pp. 183-186 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Fuller Torrey ◽  
Barbara Boyle Torrey
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
New England ◽  
Temperature Variation ◽  
The United States ◽  
Seasonal Temperature ◽  
Birth Seasonality ◽  
England And Wales ◽  
Seasonal Temperature Variation ◽  
Period Data ◽  
Seasonal Shifts

SummaryIn view of recent findings in Japan, and in England and Wales, data on schizophrenic births in the United States were reexamined to see if seasonal shifts had occurred. In Missouri a progressive shift from February to April and May was noted between 1921 and 1930 and between 1941 and 1950. In five New England states there was no shift over the same period. Data were then obtained to compare the Missouri shift with two hypotheses previously put forward to explain schizophrenic birth seasonality: (1) that it is related to the seasonality of general births, and (2) that it is related to seasonal temperature variation. Neither hypothesis was supported by the data.

Causal Effects Of Seasonal Temperature Changes And Variability On Mortality In The United States

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 (1) ◽  
pp. 1226
Author(s):  
Joel Schwartz ◽  
Francesco Nordio ◽  
Mihye Lee ◽  
Antonella Zanobetti
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
The United States ◽  
Causal Effects ◽  
Seasonal Temperature ◽  
Temperature Changes

scholarly journals Trends in Extreme U.S. Temperatures

2014 ◽  
Vol 27 (11) ◽  
pp. 4209-4225 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jaechoul Lee ◽  
Shanghong Li ◽  
Robert Lund
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Time Series ◽  
New England ◽  
General Structure ◽  
A Priori ◽  
Temporal Trends ◽  
The United States ◽  
Stationary Time Series ◽  
Regularity Conditions ◽  
Maximum Temperatures

Abstract This paper develops trend estimation techniques for monthly maximum and minimum temperature time series observed in the 48 conterminous United States over the last century. While most scientists concur that this region has warmed on aggregate, there is no a priori reason to believe that temporal trends in extremes and averages will exhibit the same patterns. Indeed, under minor regularity conditions, the sample partial sum and maximum of stationary time series are asymptotically independent (statistically). Previous authors have suggested that minimum temperatures are warming faster than maximum temperatures in the United States; such an aspect can be investigated via the methods discussed in this study. Here, statistical models with extreme value and changepoint features are used to estimate trends and their standard errors. A spatial smoothing is then done to extract general structure. The results show that monthly maximum temperatures are not often greatly changing—perhaps surprisingly, there are many stations that show some cooling. In contrast, the minimum temperatures show significant warming. Overall, the southeastern United States shows the least warming (even some cooling), and the western United States, northern Midwest, and New England have experienced the most warming.

THE NATURE AND ENVIRONMENT OF COST MANAGEMENT AMONG EARLY NINETEENTH CENTURY U.S. TEXITLE MANUFACTURERS

1992 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 1-24 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas Tyson
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
New England ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Cost Management ◽  
Cost Accounting ◽  
The United States ◽  
Social Forces ◽  
Cost Information ◽  
Early Nineteenth Century ◽  
Textile Mills

Several authors have suggested that a particular managerial component was needed before cost accounting could be fully used for accountability and disciplinary purposes. They argue that the marriage of managerialism and accounting first occurred in the United States at the Springfield Armory after 1840. They generally downplay the quality and usefulness of cost accounting at the New England textile mills before that time and call for a re-examination of original mill records from a disciplinary perspective. This paper reports the results of such a re-examination. It initially describes the social and economic environment of U.S. textile manufacturing in New England in the early nineteenth century. Selected cost memos and reports are described and analyzed to indicate the nature and scope of costing undertaken at the mills in Lowell, Massachusetts, in the late 1820s and early 1830s. The paper discusses how particular cost information was used and speculates why certain more modern procedures were not adopted. Its major finding is that cost management practices fully measured up to the business complexities, economic pressures, and social forces of the day.

Development Channelization, Partisanship, and Populism: Possibilities for Rural Renewal in the Death Throes of Coal

2021 ◽  
pp. 073112142110246
Author(s):  
Adam Mayer
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Political Ideology ◽  
Energy System ◽  
The United States ◽  
Coal Industry ◽  
Right Wing ◽  
Donald Trump ◽  
Partisan Polarization ◽  
Rural Economies ◽  
Right Wing Populism

In the last few decades, the United States has experienced several related and significant societal trends—the transition of the energy system away from coal, the intensification of partisan polarization, and the rise of a populist right-wing political ideology, perhaps best exemplified by the election of Donald Trump. We build Gramling and Freudenberg’s little-explored concept of “development channelization” to argue that nostalgic right-wing populism, grievances directed toward the federal government, and partisanship converge to potentially thwart efforts to transition and diversify rural economies. Populist nostalgia and blame are associated with support for expanding the collapsing coal industry but do not predict support for other types of development. There are patterns of partisan polarization in support for extractive industries and wind power, but many development options appear to be relatively nonpartisan. We discuss these findings in terms of populism, nostalgia, partisan polarization, and the potential for rural renewal in the United States.

scholarly journals Temperature Projections over the Indus River Basin of Pakistan Using Statistical Downscaling

Atmosphere ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 195
Author(s):  
Muhammad Saleem Pomee ◽  
Elke Hertig
Keyword(s):  
21St Century ◽  
Statistical Downscaling ◽  
General Circulation ◽  
Winter Season ◽  
Circulation Model ◽  
Indus Basin ◽  
Indus River ◽  
Temperature Changes ◽  
Basin Scale ◽  
Maximum Heating

We assessed maximum (Tmax) and minimum (Tmin) temperatures over Pakistan’s Indus basin during the 21st century using statistical downscaling. A particular focus was given to spatiotemporal heterogeneity, reference and General Circulation Model (GCM) uncertainties, and statistical skills of regression models using an observational profile that could significantly be improved by recent high-altitude observatories. First, we characterized the basin into homogeneous climate regions using K-means clustering. Predictors from ERA-Interim reanalysis were then used to model observed temperatures skillfully and quantify reference and GCM uncertainties. Thermodynamical (dynamical) variables mainly governed reference (GCM) uncertainties. The GCM predictors under RCP4.5 and RCP8.5 scenarios were used as “new” predictors in statistical models to project ensemble temperature changes. Our analysis projected non-uniform warming but could not validate elevation-dependent warming (EDW) at the basin scale. We obtained more significant warming during the westerly-dominated seasons, with maximum heating during the winter season through Tmin changes. The most striking feature is a low-warming monsoon (with the possibility of no change to slight cooling) over the Upper Indus Basin (UIB). Therefore, the likelihood of continuing the anomalous UIB behavior during the primary melt season may not entirely be ruled out at the end of the 21st century under RCP8.5.

scholarly journals Estimation of seasonal boundaries using temperature data: a case of northwest part of Bangladesh

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 50-62
Author(s):  
Syed Mustafizur Rahman ◽  
Syed Mahbubur Rahman ◽  
Md. Shuzon Ali ◽  
Md. Abdullah Al Mamun ◽  
Md. Nezam Uddin
Keyword(s):  
Spectral Analysis ◽  
Crop Productivity ◽  
Temperature Data ◽  
Daily Temperature ◽  
Temperature Cycle ◽  
Local Climate ◽  
Higher Power ◽  
Cycle Plays ◽  
Maximum Temperatures ◽  
Harmonic Analyses

Abstract Seasons are the divisions of the year into months or days according to the changes in weather, ecology and the intensity of sunlight in a given region. The temperature cycle plays a major role in defining the meteorological seasons of the year. This study aims at investigating seasonal boundaries applying harmonic analysis in daily temperature for the duration of 30 years, recorded at six stations from 1988 to 2017, in northwest part of Bangladesh. Year by year harmonic analyses of daily temperature data in each station have been carried out to observe temporal and spatial variations in seasonal lengths. Periodic nature of daily temperature has been investigated employing spectral analysis, and it has been found that the estimated periodicities have higher power densities of the frequencies at 0.0027 and 0.0053 cycles/day. Some other minor periodic natures have also been observed in the analyses. Using the frequencies between 0.0027 to 0.0278 cycles/day, the observed periodicities in spectral analysis, harmonic analyses of minimum and maximum temperatures have found four seasonal boundaries every year in each of the stations. The estimated seasonal boundaries for the region fall between 19-25 February, 19-23 May, 18-20 August and 17-22 November. Since seasonal variability results in imbalance in water, moisture and heat, it has the potential to significantly affect agricultural production. Hence, the seasons and seasonal lengths presented in this research may help the concerned authorities take measures to reduce the risks for crop productivity to face the challenges arise from changing climate. Moreover, the results obtained are likely to contribute in introducing local climate calendar.

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