scholarly journals The Evolution of Intumescent Char in Flame-Retardant Coatings Based on Amino Resin

Coatings ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 709
Author(s):  
Wei Song ◽  
Muting Wu ◽  
Yanrong He ◽  
Yuzhang Wu ◽  
Wei Qu
Keyword(s):  
Flame Retardant ◽  
Urea Formaldehyde ◽  
Formaldehyde Resin ◽  
Chemical Structures ◽  
Second Stage ◽  
Whole Process ◽  
Amino Resin ◽  
Three Stages ◽  
Flame Retardant Properties ◽  
Modified Urea

Intumescent flame-retardant (IFR) coatings have been gaining more attention. The behaviors of intumescent char in IFR coatings play the most important role in its flame-retardant properties. However, the evolution of intumescent char throughout the whole process of protection is still unclear. In this study, both the formation and shrinkage of char were studied. The formulation of IFR includes melamine modified urea-formaldehyde resin (MUF), ammonium polyphosphate (APP) and pentaerythritol (PER). The flame-retardant properties of the coating were measured by the cone calorimeter (CONE). The evolution of the volume and the pore size distribution of char were monitored. The morphological and chemical structures were characterized by the scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). The results show that the evolution of intumescent char could be divided into three stages. More than 50% shrinkage of char occurs in the second stage. There are obvious transformations of the morphological and chemical structures of char between the different stages.

scholarly journals Effects of Three Biomass Fillers on the Properties of Melamine Modified Urea-Formaldehyde Resin

2020 ◽  
Vol 782 ◽  
pp. 022077
Author(s):  
Shanfeng Xu ◽  
Sanshan Xia ◽  
Yuzhu Chen ◽  
Hui Xiao ◽  
Maoyu Yi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Urea Formaldehyde ◽  
Urea Formaldehyde Resin ◽  
Formaldehyde Resin ◽  
Modified Urea

scholarly journals Calcium carbonate modified urea–formaldehyde resin adhesive for strength enhanced medium density fiberboard production

RSC Advances ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (40) ◽  
pp. 25010-25017
Author(s):  
Li Lu ◽  
Yan Wang ◽  
Tianhua Li ◽  
Supeng Wang ◽  
Shoulu Yang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Calcium Carbonate ◽  
Urea Formaldehyde ◽  
Medium Density Fiberboard ◽  
Urea Formaldehyde Resin ◽  
Formaldehyde Resin ◽  
Medium Density ◽  
Ionic Bond ◽  
Resin Adhesive ◽  
Uf Resin ◽  
Modified Urea

Reactions between CaCO3 and CH2O2 during polycondensation of UF resin produce Ca2+. Ionic bond complexation binds Ca2+ with UF resin. The UF resin crystalline percentage decreases from 26.86% to 22.71%. IB strength of resin bonded fiberboard increases from 0.75 to 0.94 MPa.

The Influence of Amount of Wood Fiber on New Flame-Retardant Melamine-Urea-Formaldehyde (MUF) Composite Foam

2011 ◽  
Vol 393-395 ◽  
pp. 1012-1017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yu Feng Ma ◽  
Wei Zhang ◽  
Ling Li ◽  
Ming Ming Zhang ◽  
Zeng Hui Cheng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Flame Retardant ◽  
Cell Shape ◽  
Urea Formaldehyde ◽  
Wood Fiber ◽  
Cell Size Distribution ◽  
Composite Foam ◽  
Composite Foams ◽  
Flame Retardant Properties ◽  
Irregular Cell

New composite foams were prepared by co-foaming of Melamine-Urea-Formaldehyde (MUF) resin and wood fiber in the closed mould at 70°C. The effects of amount of wood fiber on mechanical properties, brittleness, flame-retardant, insulation and microscopic structures of wood fiber-MUF foam were investigated. Results indicated that the flame-retardant properties increased, and the brittleness and mechanical properties decreased with the increase of the amount of wood fiber in composite foams. The addition of wood fiber resulted in more uniform cell size distribution and irregular cell shape, but had little effect on insulation properties.

Biocomposites based on cellulose and starch modified urea‐formaldehyde resin: Hydrolytic, thermal, and radiation stability

2018 ◽  
Vol 40 (4) ◽  
pp. 1287-1294 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vojislav Jovanović ◽  
Suzana Samaržija‐Jovanović ◽  
Branka Petković ◽  
Zoran Milićević ◽  
Gordana Marković ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Urea Formaldehyde ◽  
Radiation Stability ◽  
Urea Formaldehyde Resin ◽  
Formaldehyde Resin ◽  
Modified Urea

Thermal Behavior Analysis of Melamine Modified Urea-Formaldehyde Resin with Different Molar Ratios

2020 ◽  
Vol 1001 ◽  
pp. 61-66
Author(s):  
Shan Feng Xu ◽  
San Shan Xia ◽  
Yu Zhu Chen ◽  
Hui Xiao ◽  
Ming Wei Jing ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Activation Energy ◽  
Urea Formaldehyde ◽  
Formaldehyde Emission ◽  
Urea Formaldehyde Resin ◽  
Molar Ratio ◽  
Formaldehyde Resin ◽  
Molar Ratios ◽  
High Molar Ratio ◽  
Degradation Properties ◽  
Modified Urea

In this study, Thermogravimetry (TG) were used to analyze thermal degradation properties of two kinds of low-molar ratio of the melamine-modified urea-formaldehyde resin (MUF). The MUF was calculated using Kissinger equation and Flynn-Wall-Ozawa equation Resin pyrolysis activation energy. The results showed that the curing time of low mole was longer than that of MUF resin (muf-b), the content of free formaldehyde was lower, and the formaldehyde emission and wet bonding strength of plywood were reduced by 65.79% and 21.90%, respectively. TG test showed that the pyrolysis process of MUF resins with different molar ratios can be divided into three stages: dehydration, rapid pyrolysis and carbonization. At the same heating rate, the weight loss rate, peak conversion rate and carbon residue of the high molar ratio MUF resin (MUF-a) in the fast pyrolysis stage are larger than those of the MUF-b resin. The MUF-a resin pyrolysis activation energy is 166.76 kJ/mol, and the MUF-b resin pyrolysis activation energy is 95.30 kJ/mol. High molar ratio resin has higher pyrolysis activation energy and better thermal stability.

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