scholarly journals Seasonal Signals Observed in Non-Contact Long-Term Road Texture Measurements

Coatings ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 735
Author(s):  
Vikki Edmondson ◽  
James Martin ◽  
Owen Ardill ◽  
Michael Lim ◽  
Malal Kane ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Seasonal Variation ◽  
Linear Trend ◽  
Environmental Parameters ◽  
Rate Of Change ◽  
Skid Resistance ◽  
Annual Average Daily Traffic ◽  
Seasonal Signals ◽  
Order Of Magnitude ◽  
The Uk

Texture is required on road pavements for safe vehicle braking and manoeuvres. This paper provides a unique analysis of long-term texture obtained using traffic speed condition survey (TRACS) data from 14 sites, located along a north to south transect spanning the longest highway in the UK. A total of 19 years of sensor measured texture depth (SMTD) data have been analyzed using spatial filtering techniques and compared with meteorological and traffic datasets. The results for hot rolled asphalt (HRA) surfaces reveal that changes to SMTD follow a linearly increasing trend with time. The “rate of change” is influenced by the order of magnitude of annual average daily traffic (AADT), when factored for the percentage of heavy goods vehicles. This linear trend is disrupted by environmental parameters, such as rainfall events and seasonal conditioning. In the summer, this signal is evident as a transient peak in the “rate of change” of texture greater than 0.04 mm, and in the winter as a reduction. The transient changes in texture corresponded to above average rainfall occurring in the week prior to SMTD measurement. The signal observed demonstrates an inverse pattern to the classically understood seasonal variation of skid resistance in the UK, where values are low in the summer and high in the winter. The findings demonstrate for the first time that texture measurements experience a seasonal signal, and provide compelling evidence pointing toward surface processes (such as polishing and the wetting and drying of surface contaminants) causing changes to texture that are affecting seasonal variation in skid resistance.

Using the Change4Life Disney Branded 10-minute Shake Ups During the COVID-19 ‘Lockdown’

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emily Budzynski-Seymour ◽  
James Steele ◽  
Michelle Jones
Keyword(s):  
Perceived Exertion ◽  
Affective Responses ◽  
Online Resources ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Affective States ◽  
Perceived Effort ◽  
Qualitative Feedback ◽  
Bidirectional Relationship ◽  
The Uk

Physical activity (PA) is considered essential to overall health yet it is consistently reported that children are failing to meet the recommended levels. Due to the bidirectional relationship between affective states and PA, affective responses are a potential predictor to long term engagement. Since late March 2020 the UK government enforced ‘lockdown’ measures to help control the spread of Coronavirus (COVID-19); however, this has impacted children’s PA. Using online resources at home to support PA is now common. The primary aim of this research was to investigate the use of the Change4Life 10-minute Shake Ups to support PA by examining the effects of Disney branding upon children’s (n=32) post activity affective responses and perceived exertion. The secondary was to investigate the effect of the lockdown on PA habits. Children had similar positive affective responses and perceived effort to activities; however, branding was considered to be a key contributing factor based upon qualitative feedback from parents. Children’s PA levels dropped slightly since ‘lockdown’ was imposed; though online resources have been utilised to support PA. The use of immersive elements such as characters and narrative in PA sessions, as well as utilising online resources during ‘lockdown’ appear potentially promising for future research.

Long Term Monitoring of the Macrobenthos of the Upper Clyde Estuary

1984 ◽  
Vol 16 (5-7) ◽  
pp. 359-373 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anne R Henderson
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Seasonal Variation ◽  
Organic Pollution ◽  
Long Term Changes ◽  
Pollution Loading ◽  
Faunal Density ◽  
History Of ◽  
Long Term Monitoring ◽  
Term Monitoring

The sublittoral macrobenthic invertebrate populations of the Upper Clyde Estuary are described. The estuary has a long history of organic pollution. The long term changes in species composition, faunal density and dominance patterns between 1974 and 1980 are presented. The fauna is dominated by brackish, pollution tolerant oligochaetes and polychaetes. Fluctuations in populations can be related to both seasonal variation in environmental conditions and long term improvements in water quality through a reduction in pollution loading to the estuary.

GA: Armani’s Giorgio Armani

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul Brooker ◽  
Margaret Hayward
Keyword(s):  
Final Section ◽  
The Body ◽  
Body Shop ◽  
The Third ◽  
Haute Couture ◽  
Fashion Designer ◽  
The Body Shop ◽  
The Uk ◽  
Career Woman

The Armani high-fashion example illustrates the importance of adaptive rational methods in his founding and developing of an iconic high-fashion firm. Armani adapted stylistically to fashion’s new times in the 1970–80s by creating a new style catering for the career woman. His stylistic adaptation is compared with that of another famous Italian fashion designer, Versace, who instead modernized haute couture fashion and created a succession of glamourous styles. Both leaders exploited the same opportunity but in different ways. The third section compares these leaders’ legacies in the 1990s–2000s and assesses from a long-term perspective how capably they had used adaptive rational methods. The final section shifts the focus from fashion to the cosmetics industry and from Italy to the UK. Anita Roddick used adaptive rational methods to establish The Body Shop corporation in the 1970s–80s. However, she then abandoned rational methods with dire results for her corporation in the 1990s.

scholarly journals Knowledge and attitudes towards concussion in UK-based male ice hockey players: A need for attitude change?

2019 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 153-161 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sarah Hutchinson ◽  
Paul Ellison ◽  
Andrew Levy ◽  
David Marchant
Keyword(s):  
Attitude Change ◽  
Ice Hockey ◽  
Knowledge And Attitudes ◽  
Accurate Knowledge ◽  
Hockey Players ◽  
Sport Concussion ◽  
Concussion History ◽  
Concussion Knowledge ◽  
The Uk

Objective Concussion is a common injury in ice hockey, and previous research suggests some misconceptions and unsafe attitudes amongst players. The purpose of this study was to assess sport concussion knowledge, attitudes and the effect of sport concussion history in UK-based male ice hockey players across three levels of competition: professional, semi-professional and amateur. Methods Sixty-one participants across a number of UK ice hockey teams completed the Rosenbaum Concussion Knowledge and Attitudes Survey and reviewed a series of statements to assess knowledge (concussion knowledge index), attitudes (concussion attitude index) and misconceptions of concussion. Results Level of competition and concussion history had no significant effect on concussion knowledge index or concussion attitude index. A positive significant relationship exists between playing experience and concussion knowledge index and concussion attitude index. Statements identified common misconceptions and areas of accurate knowledge regarding concussion symptoms suggesting that male ice hockey players have a higher level knowledge compared to a sample of the UK general public. Playing experience was associated with increased knowledge and increasingly safe attitudes towards concussion. Conclusion Despite knowledge relating to loss of consciousness and correct management of symptoms being generally accurate, there are worryingly unsafe attitudes regarding aspects of concussion. Such attitudes may well pose significant threats to players’ safety and long-term health.

scholarly journals Perioperative Geriatric Assessment as A Predictor of Long-Term Hepatectomy Outcomes in Elderly Patients with Hepatocellular Carcinoma

Cancers ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 842
Author(s):  
Masaki Kaibori ◽  
Hideyuki Matsushima ◽  
Morihiko Ishizaki ◽  
Hisashi Kosaka ◽  
Kosuke Matsui ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hepatocellular Carcinoma ◽  
Geriatric Assessment ◽  
Proportional Hazards ◽  
Prognostic Indicator ◽  
Cox Proportional Hazards ◽  
Rate Of Change ◽  
Score Change ◽  
Comorbidity Burden ◽  
Reduction Group

This retrospective study recorded pertinent baseline geriatric assessment variables to identify risk factors for recurrence-free survival (RFS) and overall survival (OS) after hepatectomy in 100 consecutive patients aged ≥70 years with hepatocellular carcinoma. Patients had geriatric assessments of cognition, nutritional and functional statuses, and comorbidity burden, both preoperatively and at six months postoperatively. The rate of change in each score between preoperative and postoperative assessments was calculated by subtracting the preoperative score from the score at six months postoperatively, then dividing by the score at six months postoperatively. Patients with score change ≥0 comprised the maintenance group, while patients with score change <0 comprised the reduction group. The change in Geriatric 8 (G8) score at six months postoperatively was the most significant predictive factor for RFS and OS among the tested geriatric assessments. Five-year RFS rates were 43.4% vs. 6.7% (maintenance vs. reduction group; HR, 0.19; 95%CI, 0.11–0.31; p < 0.001). Five-year OS rates were 73.8% vs. 17.8% (HR, 0.12; 95%CI, 0.06–0.25; p < 0.001). Multivariate Cox proportional hazards analysis showed that perioperative maintenance of G8 score was an independent prognostic indicator for both RFS and OS. Perioperative changes in G8 scores can help forecast postoperative long-term outcomes in these patients.

scholarly journals Selection Response in Finite Populations

Genetics ◽  
1996 ◽  
Vol 144 (4) ◽  
pp. 1961-1974 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ming Wei ◽  
Armando Caballero ◽  
William G Hill
Keyword(s):  
Linkage Disequilibrium ◽  
Inbreeding Depression ◽  
Genetic Variance ◽  
Relative Rate ◽  
Selection Response ◽  
Rate Of Change ◽  
Effective Population ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Model Account

Formulae were derived to predict genetic response under various selection schemes assuming an infinitesimal model. Account was taken of genetic drift, gametic (linkage) disequilibrium (Bulmer effect), inbreeding depression, common environmental variance, and both initial segregating variance within families (σAW02) and mutational (σM2) variance. The cumulative response to selection until generation t(CRt) can be approximated asCRt≈R0[t−β(1−σAW∞2σAW02)t24Ne]−Dt2Ne,where Ne is the effective population size, σAW∞2=NeσM2 is the genetic variance within families at the steady state (or one-half the genic variance, which is unaffected by selection), and D is the inbreeding depression per unit of inbreeding. R  0 is the selection response at generation 0 assuming preselection so that the linkage disequilibrium effect has stabilized. β is the derivative of the logarithm of the asymptotic response with respect to the logarithm of the within-family genetic variance, i.e., their relative rate of change. R  0 is the major determinant of the short term selection response, but σM2, Ne and β are also important for the long term. A selection method of high accuracy using family information gives a small Ne and will lead to a larger response in the short term and a smaller response in the long term, utilizing mutation less efficiently.

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