Porous Carbonated Hydroxyapatite-Based Paraffin Wax Nanocomposite Scaffold for Bone Tissue Engineering: A Physicochemical Properties and Cell Viability Assay Analysis

Porosity is one of the parameters of scaffold pore structure that must be developed using paraffin wax as a synthetic polymer for making porous bioceramics carbonated hydroxyapatite (CHA). This study fabricated CHA based on abalone mussel shells (Halioitis asinina); CHA/paraffin wax nanocomposite scaffolds were synthesized using paraffin wax with concentration variations of 10, 20, and 30 wt.%. The energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS) results showed that the Ca/P molar ratio of CHA was 1.72, which approaches the natural bone. The addition of paraffin wax in all concentration variation treatments caused the crystallographic properties of the CHA/paraffin wax nanocomposite scaffolds to decrease. The results of pore analysis suggest that the high concentration of paraffin wax in the CHA suspension is involved in the formation of more pores on the surface of the scaffold, but only CHA/paraffin wax 30 wt.% had a scaffold with potential to be used in media with a cellular growth orientation. The micropore analysis was also supported by the cell viability assay results for CHA/paraffin wax 30 wt.% nanocomposite scaffold, where serial doses of scaffold concentrations to mouse osteoblast cells were secure. Overall, based on this analysis, the CHA/paraffin wax scaffold can be a candidate for bone tissue engineering.

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Preparation and Characterization of Hydroxyapatite/Bacterial Cellulose Nanocomposite Scaffolds for Bone Tissue Engineering

Key Engineering Materials ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.330-332.923 ◽

2007 ◽

Vol 330-332 ◽

pp. 923-926 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Hong Jiang Jiang ◽

Yu Ling Wang ◽

Shi Ru Jia ◽

Yuan Huang ◽

Fang He ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Tissue Engineering ◽

Bone Tissue Engineering ◽

Bacterial Cellulose ◽

Bone Tissue ◽

Cellulose Nanofibers ◽

Nanocomposite Scaffold ◽

Nanocomposite Scaffolds

The surfaces of BC (bacterial cellulose) nanofibers are covered with homogeneous nano-sized precipitates upon exposure to SBF. The characteristics of the nanocompoiste scaffolds are characterized by XRD, FTIR, TEM and SEM. It is believed that the the HAp/BC nanocomposite scaffold are promising in applications of bone tissue engineering.

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Development of Biopolymeric Hybrid Scaffold-Based on AAc/GO/nHAp/TiO2 Nanocomposite for Bone Tissue Engineering: In-Vitro Analysis

Nanomaterials ◽

10.3390/nano11051319 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (5) ◽

pp. 1319

Author(s):

Muhammad Umar Aslam Khan ◽

Wafa Shamsan Al-Arjan ◽

Mona Saad Binkadem ◽

Hassan Mehboob ◽

Adnan Haider ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Mechanical Properties ◽

Tissue Engineering ◽

Bone Tissue Engineering ◽

Bone Tissue ◽

Guar Gum ◽

Porous Scaffolds ◽

Vitro Assay ◽

Vitro Analysis ◽

Nanocomposite Scaffolds

Bone tissue engineering is an advanced field for treatment of fractured bones to restore/regulate biological functions. Biopolymeric/bioceramic-based hybrid nanocomposite scaffolds are potential biomaterials for bone tissue because of biodegradable and biocompatible characteristics. We report synthesis of nanocomposite based on acrylic acid (AAc)/guar gum (GG), nano-hydroxyapatite (HAp NPs), titanium nanoparticles (TiO2 NPs), and optimum graphene oxide (GO) amount via free radical polymerization method. Porous scaffolds were fabricated through freeze-drying technique and coated with silver sulphadiazine. Different techniques were used to investigate functional group, crystal structural properties, morphology/elemental properties, porosity, and mechanical properties of fabricated scaffolds. Results show that increasing amount of TiO2 in combination with optimized GO has improved physicochemical and microstructural properties, mechanical properties (compressive strength (2.96 to 13.31 MPa) and Young’s modulus (39.56 to 300.81 MPa)), and porous properties (pore size (256.11 to 107.42 μm) and porosity (79.97 to 44.32%)). After 150 min, silver sulfadiazine release was found to be ~94.1%. In vitro assay of scaffolds also exhibited promising results against mouse pre-osteoblast (MC3T3-E1) cell lines. Hence, these fabricated scaffolds would be potential biomaterials for bone tissue engineering in biomedical engineering.

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Electrospun Bio-Nanocomposite Scaffolds for Bone Tissue Engineering by Cellulose Nanocrystals Reinforcing Maleic Anhydride Grafted PLA

ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces ◽

10.1021/am4005072 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 5 (9) ◽

pp. 3847-3854 ◽

Cited By ~ 199

Author(s):

Chengjun Zhou ◽

Qingfeng Shi ◽

Weihong Guo ◽

Lekeith Terrell ◽

Ammar T. Qureshi ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Tissue Engineering ◽

Maleic Anhydride ◽

Bone Tissue Engineering ◽

Bone Tissue ◽

Cellulose Nanocrystals ◽

Nanocomposite Scaffolds

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THREE-DIMENSIONAL NANOCOMPOSITE SCAFFOLDS FOR BONE TISSUE ENGINEERING: FROM DESIGN TO APPLICATION

Nano LIFE ◽

10.1142/s1793984411000396 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 02 (01) ◽

pp. 1250005 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

BIN DUAN ◽

MIN WANG ◽

WILLIAM W. LU

Keyword(s):

Tissue Engineering ◽

Bone Tissue Engineering ◽

Bone Tissue ◽

Rabbit Model ◽

Bone Morphogenetic Protein 2 ◽

Human Umbilical Cord ◽

Porous Structures ◽

Tissue Engineering Scaffolds ◽

Surface Modified ◽

Nanocomposite Scaffolds

Selective laser sintering (SLS), a rapid prototyping technology, was investigated for producing bone tissue engineering scaffolds. Completely biodegradable osteoconductive calcium phosphate (Ca-P)/poly(hydroxybutyrate-co-hydroxyvalerate) (PHBV) scaffolds were successfully fabricated via SLS using Ca-P/PHBV nanocomposite microspheres. In the SLS manufacturing route, the architecture of tissue engineering scaffolds (pore shape, size, interconnectivity, etc.) can be designed and the sintering process can be optimized for obtaining scaffolds with desirable porous structures and mechanical properties. SLS was also shown to be very effective in producing highly complex porous structures using nanocomposite microspheres. To render SLS-formed Ca-P/PHBV scaffolds osteoinductive, recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein-2 (rhBMP-2) could be loaded onto the scaffolds. For achieving a controlled release of rhBMP-2 from scaffolds, surface modification of Ca-P/PHBV scaffolds by gelatin entrapment and heparin immobilization was needed. The immobilized heparin provided binding affinity for rhBMP-2. Surface modified Ca-P/PHBV nanocomposite scaffolds loaded with rhBMP-2 enhanced the proliferation of human umbilical cord derived mesenchymal stem cells (hUCMSCs) and also their alkaline phosphatase activity. In in vivo experiments using a rabbit model, surface modified Ca-P/PHBV nanocomposite scaffolds loaded with rhBMP-2 promoted ectopic bone formation, exhibiting their osteoinductivity. The strategy of combining advanced scaffold fabrication, nanocomposite material, and controlled growth factor delivery is promising for bone tissue regeneration.

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Preparation and characterization of nano biphasic calcium phosphate/poly-L-lactide composite scaffold

Science and Engineering of Composite Materials ◽

10.1515/secm-2014-0100 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 23 (1) ◽

pp. 37-44 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Weizhong Yang ◽

Yong Yi ◽

Yuan Ma ◽

Li Zhang ◽

Jianwen Gu ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Tissue Engineering ◽

Calcium Phosphate ◽

Cell Viability ◽

Bone Tissue Engineering ◽

Bone Tissue ◽

Biphasic Calcium Phosphate ◽

Composite Scaffold ◽

Pore Wall ◽

Tissue Engineering Scaffold ◽

Plla Scaffold

AbstractNano biphasic calcium phosphate (BCP) particles were synthesized using the sol-gel method. As-prepared BCP particles were combined with poly-L-lactide (PLLA) to fabricate nano-BCP/PLLA composite scaffold through a series of processing steps containing solvent self-diffusion, hot-pressing, and particulate leaching. The composite had a suitable porous structure for bone tissue engineering scaffold. In comparison, micro-BCP/PLLA scaffold was studied as well. Nano-BCP particles were distributed homogeneously in the PLLA matrix, and much more tiny crystallites exposed on the surface of the pore wall. Due to the finer inorganic particle distribution in the PLLA phase and the larger area of the bioactive phase exposed in the pore wall surface, nano-BCP/PLLA scaffold had enhanced compressive strength, good bioactivity, and superior cell viability. A nonstoichiometric apatite layer could be rapidly formed on the surface of nano- BCP/PLLA when soaked in simulated body fluid. The MG-63 cell viability of nano-BCP/PLLA scaffold is significantly higher than that of micro-BCP/PLLA scaffold. Therefore, nano-BCP/PLLA composite may be a suitable alternative for bone tissue engineering scaffold.

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Nano-carbonated hydroxyapatite precipitation from abalone shell (Haliotis asinina) waste as the bioceramics candidate for bone tissue engineering

Nanomaterials and Nanotechnology ◽

10.1177/18479804211032851 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 ◽

pp. 184798042110328

Author(s):

Hestining A Permatasari ◽

Mona Sari ◽

Aminatun ◽

Tri Suciati ◽

Kiagus Dahlan ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Tissue Engineering ◽

Bone Tissue Engineering ◽

Bone Tissue ◽

Aging Time ◽

Carbonate Content ◽

P Value ◽

Transmission Electron Microscopy Analysis ◽

Crystallinity Degree ◽

Carbonated Hydroxyapatite ◽

Carbonate Substitution

In this study, nano-carbonated hydroxyapatite (n-CHAp) was successfully synthesized with abalone shells ( Halioitis asinina) as the calcium source using precipitation methods with aging time variations, namely, 0 (without the aging process), 24, and 48 h. Based on an analysis of X-ray diffraction characterization, the spectrum of the n-CHAp is shown for all sample variations in aging time. The results of the calculation of lattice parameter values confirm that the phase formed is the B-type CHAp phase with the increasing crystallinity degree, crystallite size, particle size, and polydispersity which is confirmed by the presence of the CO32- functional group at 1438 cm−1 and 878 cm−1, that is, the B-type carbonate substitution characteristic. The presence of the carbonate ions identified as smaller during the extension of aging time causes the decreasing value of the Ca/P mole ratio but still has a value greater than the HAp Ca/P value (1.67), which is 1.80–1.72. Based on the transmission electron microscopy analysis, the nanometer-size of B-type CHAp particles was successfully obtained. According to the criteria for nanostructures, crystallographic properties, carbonate content, and chemical processes, B-type CHAp samples based on abalone shells ( Halioitis asinina) are one of the candidates in bioceramics for bone tissue engineering applications.

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