scholarly journals Electrodeposition of Thick and Crack-Free Fe-Cr-Ni Coatings from a Cr (III) Electrolyte

Coatings ◽  
2022 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 56
Author(s):  
Vanessa Meinhold ◽  
Dominik Höhlich ◽  
Thomas Mehner ◽  
Thomas Lampke
Keyword(s):  
Direct Current ◽  
Deposition Method ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Chromium Vi ◽  
Nickel Chromium ◽  
Corrosion Studies ◽  
Iron Nickel ◽  
Hard Chrome ◽  
Scratch Tests ◽  
Economical Alternative

The electrodeposition of iron-nickel-chromium coatings is a more environmentally friendly and economical alternative to hard-chrome coatings made from chromium (VI) electrolytes and stainless-steel bulk materials. The aim of the study was to develop a suitable deposition method for thick and low-crack Fe-Cr-Ni coatings. Iron-nickel-chromium coatings were electrodeposited using a more ecological chromium (III) electrolyte with direct current (DC), stepped direct current, and pulse current (PC). The influence of the deposition method on the electrolyte aging, the alloy composition of the coating, and their microstructure was investigated. Corrosion studies of the Fe-Cr-Ni coatings in 3.5% NaCl solution were performed using polarization tests. Furthermore, hardness measurements and scratch tests were carried out to determine the adhesion strength. Phase analyses were performed by X-ray diffraction, and the chemical composition and microstructure were characterized by scanning electron microscopy. Using the stepped DC and PC method, crack-free Fe-Cr-Ni coatings were successfully deposited.

An X-Ray Diffraction Study of the Aging Reaction in Two Austenitic Alloys

1967 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
pp. 434-446
Author(s):  
J. K. Abraham ◽  
T. L. Wilson
Keyword(s):  
Cluster Size ◽  
Nickel Titanium ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Niobium Alloys ◽  
Nickel Chromium ◽  
Unit Cells ◽  
Iron Nickel ◽  
Hardness Increase ◽  
The Asymmetry ◽  
The One

AbstractAging processes exhibiting cluster to precipitate transitions were studied in polycrystalline line austenitic iron-base alloys with a Siemens' Guinier camera. This camera combines the Seemann-Bohlin focusing geometry with a curved-crystal monochromator arid thus maximizes the resolution of observed sidebands and the weak precipitate lines. Growth studies encompassing a cluster-size range of 15 to 70 unit cells were followed. For the systems of interest, this coincided with a variation from detectable hardness increase to a stage of maximum hardness immediately preceding precipitation, Cluster sizes were calculated on the basis of the Guinier model; variation with time and temperature permitted calculations of an apparent activation energy in the one system where decomposition was spontaneous. An iron-nickeltitanium alloy was used to study aging in a ternary system. Behavior was classic in that the cluster size present on quenching grew with aging coincident with a simultaneous hardness increase. Calculation of activation energies indicated strongly that transportation of nickel to, or iron from, the cluster was rate determining. Upon overaging, the nickel-titanium enriched clusters gave way to the hexagonal Ni2Ti phase. An iron-nickel-chromium-niobium quaternary, in addition to presenting a clustering system similar to the above ternary, showed two rather interesting phenomena. First, chromium was necessary for precipitation; the ternary ironnickel-niobium did not age. Secondly, a stable Pe2Nb Laves phase present upon quenching from 2200°F disappeared on aging in favor of nickel-niobium clusters; an incubation time for the formation of these clusters existed, and its duration was about 4 hr. An asymmetry was noted in the diffraction intensities about the (311)γ line in both systems. In the iron-nickel-titanium case, the asymmetry was only in intensity, whereas, with the iron-nickel-chromium-niobium alloys, the asymmetry existed in both intensity and position. Interpretation of these observations is made on the basis of anticipated variations in scattering factors, lattice spacings, and cluster sizes.

NAS 335X

Alloy Digest ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 62 (5) ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Corrosion Resistance ◽  
Physical Properties ◽  
Tensile Properties ◽  
Heat Treating ◽  
Molybdenum Alloy ◽  
Nickel Chromium ◽  
Iron Nickel

Abstract NAS 335X (UNS N08020) is an iron-nickel-chromium-molybdenum alloy with corrosion resistance for both reducing and oxidizing environments. This datasheet provides information on composition, physical properties, hardness, elasticity, and tensile properties. It also includes information on corrosion resistance as well as forming, heat treating, machining, and joining. Filing Code: SS-1146. Producer or source: Nippon Yakin Kogyo Company Ltd.

HAYNES 556 ALLOY FILLER METAL

Alloy Digest ◽  
2000 ◽  
Vol 49 (4) ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Corrosion Resistance ◽  
Physical Properties ◽  
Tensile Properties ◽  
Oxidation Resistance ◽  
Filler Metal ◽  
Cobalt Alloy ◽  
Nickel Chromium ◽  
Iron Nickel ◽  
Haynes Alloy ◽  
Alloy Filler

Abstract Haynes alloy 556 filler metal is an iron-nickel-chromium-cobalt alloy that combines effective resistance to sulfidizing, carburizing, and chlorine-bearing environments with excellent strength and oxidation resistance at high temperatures. This datasheet provides information on composition, physical properties, elasticity, and tensile properties as well as creep. It also includes information on corrosion resistance as well as joining. Filing Code: SS-782. Producer or source: Haynes International Inc.

SANICRO 31

Alloy Digest ◽  
1965 ◽  
Vol 14 (9) ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Petrochemical Industry ◽  
Elevated Temperatures ◽  
Heat Treating ◽  
Chromium Alloy ◽  
Good Resistance ◽  
Nickel Chromium ◽  
Temperature Performance ◽  
Iron Nickel ◽  
Corrosion And Oxidation

Abstract SANDVIK SANICRO 31 is an iron-nickel-chromium alloy having good resistance to corrosion and oxidation and good mechanical properties at elevated temperatures. It is recommended for electrical sheathing, pyrometer tubes, equipment for heat treating and furnace tubes and other equipment in the petrochemical industry. This datasheet provides information on composition, physical properties, hardness, elasticity, and tensile properties. It also includes information on high temperature performance and corrosion resistance as well as forming, heat treating, machining, joining, and surface treatment. Filing Code: SS-172. Producer or source: Sandvik.

Influence of Impurities on the High Temperature Corrosion And Reaction Kinetics of Zirconium in Hydrochloric Acid

CORROSION ◽  
1962 ◽  
Vol 18 (3) ◽  
pp. 103t-115t ◽  
Author(s):  
W. E. KUHN
Keyword(s):  
Corrosion Resistance ◽  
Reaction Kinetics ◽  
Surface Preparation ◽  
High Purity Grade ◽  
Nickel Chromium ◽  
Formed Precipitate ◽  
Electrolyte Surface ◽  
Iron Nickel ◽  
Specific Impurity ◽  
Purity Grade

Abstract The corrosion of zirconium of four different analyses including iodide, Hf-free reactor grade, an Hf-containing high purity grade, and an Hf-containing low purity grade zirconium, has been studied at 150–250 C in an aqueous solution containing 20 percent HCl. Studies of the reaction kinetics and surface phenomena have been made in extensive experiments. The results of the experimental work are discussed with detailed consideration being given to the role of impurities, the heterogeneous nature of corrosion, the influence of the electrolyte, surface preparation and diffusion barriers. It was concluded in general that small concentrations of specific impurity elements which formed precipitate phases had a powerful influence on the dissolution rate of zirconium and the resistance of primordial oxidic protective films. Iron, nickel, chromium, manganese, and silicon as impurities are believed to be most detrimental to the corrosion resistance of annealed zirconium in the form of precipitate particles acting as anodic corrosion centers. Various ways of improving the corrosion resistance of zirconium in HCl are either suggested or implied in the experimental results and their discussion. 6.3.20, 4.3.2, 3.7.2

scholarly journals Design and Evaluation of an Ultrahigh-Strength Coral Aggregate Concrete for Maritime and Reef Engineering

Materials ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (19) ◽  
pp. 5871
Author(s):  
Jinming Liu ◽  
Boyu Ju ◽  
Wei Xie ◽  
Huang Yu ◽  
Haiying Xiao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Performance ◽  
Autogenous Shrinkage ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Early Hydration ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Ultrahigh Strength ◽  
Marine Concrete ◽  
Marine Engineering ◽  
Reactive Powder ◽  
Economical Alternative

In this paper, an ultrahigh-strength marine concrete containing coral aggregates is developed. Concrete fabricated from marine sources is considered an effective and economical alternative for marine engineering and the construction of remote islands. To protect sea coral ecosystems, the coral aggregates used for construction are only efflorescent coral debris. To achieve the expected mechanical performance from the studied concrete, an optimal mixture design is conducted to determine the optimal proportions of components, in order to optimize the compressive strength. The mechanical properties and the autogenous shrinkage, as well as the heat flow of early hydration reactions, are measured. The hydration products fill up the pores of coral aggregates, endowing our concrete with flowability and self-compacting ability. The phases in the marine concrete are identified via X-ray diffraction analysis. The 28-day compressive and flexural strength of the developed marine concrete achieve 116.76 MPa and 18.24 MPa, respectively. On account of the lower cement content and the internal curing provided by coral aggregates, the volume change resulting from autogenous shrinkage is only 63.11% of that of ordinary reactive powder concrete.

Rectifying Behavior of Aligned ZnO Nanorods on Mg0.3Zn0.7O Thin Film Template

2011 ◽  
Vol 364 ◽  
pp. 35-39 ◽  
Author(s):  
Salina Muhamad ◽  
Abu Bakar Suriani ◽  
Mohamad Hafiz Mamat ◽  
Rafidah Ahmad ◽  
Mohamad Rusop
Keyword(s):  
Thin Film ◽  
Zno Nanorods ◽  
Thermionic Emission ◽  
Deposition Method ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Hexagonal Shape ◽  
Semiconductor Junction ◽  
Vertically Aligned ◽  
Scanning Electron

Rectifying behavior more than 3 orders of aligned zinc oxide (ZnO) nanorods grown on Mg0.3Zn0.7O thin film template using chemical bath deposition method was observed, giving a barrier height of 0.75 eV, and the ideality factor achieved was almost 6, which was analyzed using thermionic emission theory. Field emission scanning electron microscope (FESEM) images revealed that the grown ZnO was in hexagonal shape, uniformly distributed and in vertically aligned form. The crystallinity of the sample being studied using X-ray diffraction (XRD), where the highest peak was found at (002) phase, confirming that high crytallinity of ZnO was attained. The effect of metal/semiconductor junction between metal and aligned ZnO nanorods was discussed in further details.

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