scholarly journals Schlieren Visualization of Shaping Air during Operation of an Electrostatic Rotary Bell Sprayer: Impact of Shaping Air on Droplet Atomization and Transport

Coatings ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (8) ◽  
pp. 279 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adnan Darwish Ahmad ◽  
Ahmad Abubaker ◽  
Ahmad Salaimeh ◽  
Nelson Akafuah
Keyword(s):  
Automotive Industry ◽  
Flow Behavior ◽  
Paint Film ◽  
Target Surface ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Centrifugal Forces ◽  
Droplet Transport ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Insight Into

Electrostatic rotary bell sprayers (ERBSs) are widely used in the automotive industry. In ERBS, atomization is facilitated using centrifugal forces which disintegrate the paint film inside the cup into droplets at the cup edge. The droplets are then transported by the flow of a shaping air (SA) and electrostatic forces to a target surface; the characteristics of these droplets dramatically influence the quality of a painted surface and the painting transfer efficiency. In the current paper, a novel Schlieren-based visualization of the shaping air in the absence of paint droplets was performed during a qualitative investigation to delineate shaping air flow behavior and its interaction with droplets and droplet transport. An infrared thermographic flow visualization (IRFV) method and droplet size measurement were used to complement the Schlieren data for providing insight into shaping air-droplet interactions. The results demonstrated the impact of different operating conditions on the SA flow pattern, and the influence SA has on the secondary atomization and transport of droplets. Hence, these experimental methods combine with a useful tool for optimizing SA configurations that improve spray quality, droplet transport, and the efficiency of ERBS operations.

scholarly journals THE IMPACT OF THE COVID-19 PANDEMIC ON SUPPLY CHAINS IN THE AUTOMOTIVE INDUSTRY

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Goran Milovanovic ◽  
◽  
Tamara Stankovic ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Supply Chain ◽  
Supply Chains ◽  
Automotive Industry ◽  
Business Relationships ◽  
Automotive Supply Chain ◽  
Automotive Supply ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Insight Into ◽  
Chain Level

Health crises have an impact on supply chains, mainly by disrupting their regular activities. In this research, the authors have analyzed the impact that the Covid-19 pandemic has made on business relationships between supply chain partners in the automotive industry and their suppliers, which are mostly from territories where the initial outbreak of the SARS COV 2 virus occurred. The analysis shows that in some cases, there is a strong dependency between the pandemic and production levels. Being dependent prevents supply chains from maintaining stability and causes system vulnerabilities. The authors conclude their work with a thesis on the pronounced impact of the current pandemic on automotive supply chain activities. For the analysis to be complete, it is necessary to monitor changes in production levels further, since data for the current year still does not provide a realistic insight into all the consequences at the supply chain level.

Grid Quality Measures for PEBI Grids

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ilya Mishev ◽  
Ruslan Rin
Keyword(s):  
Flow Behavior ◽  
Quality Measures ◽  
Approximation Properties ◽  
Approximation Quality ◽  
Flux Approximation ◽  
The Matrix ◽  
Eventual Loss ◽  
Dynamic Measures ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Combining the Perpendicular Bisector (PEBI) grids with the Two Point Flux Approximation (TPFA) scheme demonstrates a potential to accurately model on unstructured grids, conforming to the geological and engineering features of real grids. However, with the increased complexity and resolution of the grids, the PEBI conditions will inevitably be violated in some cells and the approximation properties will be compromised. The objective is to develop accurate and practical grid quality measures that quantify such errors. We critically evaluated the existing grid quality measures and found them lacking predictive power in several areas. The available k-orthogonality measures predict error for flow along the strata, although TPFA provides an accurate approximation. The false-positive results are not only misleading but can overwhelm further analysis. We developed the so-called "truncation error" grid measure which is probably the most accurate measure for flow through a plane face and accurately measures the error along the strata. We also quantified the error due to the face curvature. Curved faces are bound to exist in any real grid. The impact of the quality of the 2-D Delaunay triangulation on TPFA approximation properties is usually not taken into account. We investigate the impact of the size of the smallest angles that can cause considerable increase of the condition number of the matrix and an eventual loss of accuracy, demonstrated with simple examples. Based on the analysis, we provide recommendations. We also show how the size of the largest angles impacts the approximation quality of TPFA. Furthermore, we discuss the impact of the change of the permeability on the TPFA approximation. Finally, we present simple tools that reservoir engineers can use to incorporate the above-mentioned grid quality measures into a workflow. The grid quality measures discussed up to now are static. We also sketch the further extension to dynamic measures, that is, how the static measures can be used to detect change in the flow behavior, potentially leading to increased error. We investigate a comprehensive set of methods, several of them new, to measure the static grid quality of TPFA on PEBI grids and possible extension to dynamic measures. All measures can be easily implemented in production reservoir simulators and examined using the suggested tools in a workflow.

Dynamic Analysis of Mechanical Systems With Clearances—Part 1: Formation of Dynamic Model

1971 ◽  
Vol 93 (1) ◽  
pp. 305-309 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Dubowsky ◽  
F. Freudenstein
Keyword(s):  
Equations Of Motion ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Coupled Systems ◽  
Dynamical Response ◽  
Dynamic Force ◽  
Dynamical Equations ◽  
Mechanical Joint ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Insight Into

A mathematical model of an elastic mechanical joint with clearances has been formulated and the dynamical equations of motion derived (Part I). The model, which we have called an Impact Pair, is basic to the determination of the dynamical response of mechanical and electromechanical systems with clearances, including determination of dynamic force amplification, frequency response, time-displacement characteristics, and other dynamic characteristics. Whenever possible, the results for the impact pair under various operating conditions are illustrated by graphs, which may also offer some insight into the behavior of clearance-coupled systems.

Preoperative Insight Into the Quality of Radial Artery Grafts

Angiology ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 68 (9) ◽  
pp. 790-794 ◽  
Author(s):  
Petar Vukovic ◽  
Miodrag Peric ◽  
Sandra Radak ◽  
Nikola Aleksic ◽  
Dragana Unic-Stojanovic ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Radial Artery ◽  
Neointimal Hyperplasia ◽  
Quality Criteria ◽  
Rejection Rate ◽  
Allen Test ◽  
Forearm Circulation ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Insight Into ◽  
Artery Conduit

We investigated the impact of preoperative ultrasonography of the forearm circulation on radial artery conduit selection. Preoperative ultrasound of the forearm circulation was performed routinely in 536 patients planned for radial artery harvesting. The safety assessment of the harvest included the following algorithm of tests: the ultrasound, the Allen test, and pulse oximetry. The quality criteria that were used to exclude a radial artery from harvesting were small size of the artery, diffuse atherosclerosis, calcifications, and severe neointimal hyperplasia. The overall rejection rate due to safety reasons was 16.4%. Seventy-one (13.2%) radial arteries did not fulfill the conduit quality criteria and consequently these arteries were not harvested. In 13.4% of radial arteries, localized arterial wall disease was found in the distal third of the artery. The distal part of the artery was discarded and the rest was used as a conduit. Our results indicate that the ultrasound provides an accurate preoperative insight into the radial artery morphology, enabling selection of the arteries with favorable morphological features.

scholarly journals RISK- ANALYSIS OF DIAGNOSTIC DIAGNOSIS DURING OPERATION OF SELF-PROPELLED LOADING CRANES OF THE ARROW TYPE

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (154) ◽  
pp. 267-271
Author(s):  
О. Skrypnyk ◽  
V. Abrakitov ◽  
A. Stepanenko
Keyword(s):  
Service Life ◽  
Risk Analysis ◽  
Fatigue Cracks ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Industrial Safety ◽  
Economic Damage ◽  
Safe Operation ◽  
Current Time ◽  
The Impact

The problem of managing the safe operation of hoisting machines with an expired service life is associated with solving extremely complex interrelated tasks through a set of organizational and technical measures aimed at establishing the actual risk and economic feasibility of further operation. The most important condition in this case is the conduct of an expert examination of industrial safety and technical diagnostics, the results of which make it possible to establish the real state of hoisting machines at the current time. The safety of hoisting machines, including after the expiration of the standard service life (assigned resource), is associated with design features, workmanship, installation quality, their operation modes and a number of other factors. However, for heavily loaded hoisting machines, the main technical obstacle to safe operation is metal fatigue The results of a statistical analysis of defects detected by expert diagnosis of self-propelled boom-type cranes that have fulfilled the standard operating period are presented. The largest number of defects is associated with the destruction and wear of structural elements, the occurrence of fatigue cracks and the violation of the operating conditions of the equipment. The greatest number of defects is found in the hydraulic system of cranes, elements of the cable-block system, less often in metal construction. To conduct a risk analysis of self-propelled jib cranes in conditions of insufficient information, a methodology for expert assessments is proposed. It allows you to evaluate the impact of potential defects of self-propelled jib cranes on the amount of economic damage to the crane itself and the transported load and on the magnitude of the traumatic impact on humans. Defects and damage to the metal structures of the cranes discovered during the examinations are the result of the following combination of reasons: low quality of the metal (mild steel); unsatisfactory design; unsatisfactory quality of manufacture and installation of individual elements; environmental aggressiveness; operation of cranes in an unintended mode, poor maintenance and repair Keywords: safety, propelled jib crane, defect, expert assessment, risk analysis, diagnosis.

scholarly journals Current Planning for Internal Audit of Risk Assessment of the Company Activities

2020 ◽  
pp. 48-57
Author(s):  
М. SHYGUN
Keyword(s):  
Effective Interaction ◽  
Internal Audit ◽  
Economic Security ◽  
Management Control ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Financial Indicators ◽  
Internal Auditors ◽  
Working Plan ◽  
The Impact

Lack of management control of the activity risks creates critical operating conditions for the enterprise, in which the financial indicators may change unexpectedly and unfavorably. Avoidance of the risks of an entity's activity is possible if effective interaction is made primarily between economic security and internal audit departments. Productive work of internal auditors to identify, evaluate and reduce the impact of risks on the performance of the enterprise is possible with its proper organization. The article describes the key principles for planning the activities of internal auditors to ensure the quality of audit procedures. Approaches to the organization and planning of the Internal Audit Department's work on identifying risks of the entity's activities, minimizing them and preventing them in the future are disclosed. A working plan for the application of audit procedures in the department of accounting, cashier and warehouse is presented, which demonstrates procedures for identifying and assessing such types of risks as market, payment, currency, financial, tax, credit, loss of assets. The working plan of the audit procedures developed contains the most effective procedures, depending on the objects of the audit, determines the scope of the audit, the procedure of its carrying out, responsible executors, the terms of the procedures. The use of the following suggestions for the planning of internal audit allows to apply qualitatively different forms and methods of audit, types of audit procedures, specialize the audit activities, correctly establish the order of audits, take into account the results of audit in the preparation and approval of various types of enterprise reports.

scholarly journals Patient and Clinician experiences and opinions of the use of a novel home use medical device in the treatment of peripheral vascular disease - a qualitative study

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Charlotte E Sedgwick ◽  
Charlotte Growcott ◽  
Shehnaz Akhtar ◽  
Daniel Parker ◽  
Erik Mulder Pettersen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Medical Device ◽  
Ongoing Research ◽  
Design Modification ◽  
Economic Implications ◽  
Patient Reported ◽  
Clinician Experiences ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Insight Into

Abstract BackgroundPeripheral vascular diseases have a significant impact on functional quality of life (QoL). Previous research has demonstrated the complex, limiting and costly economic implications of these conditions such as lower limb ulceration chronicity and ischaemic amputation. These complex, limb and life threatening conditions demand the development of novel interventions with objective research as part of that development. Hence, a novel intermittent negative pressure medical device in the form of a wearable boot (FlowOx™) was developed. As part of the development process, this study aimed to explore patient and clinician opinions of the boot.MethodsA qualitative approach was used to collect patient and clinician experiences in Norway. An advisory group informed the semi-structured questions used in seven patient interviews and one clinician focus group (n = 5). The data were recorded digitally and transcribed verbatim. Patient and clinician data were analysed as distinct groups using a thematic process.ResultsData analysis resulted in five themes from the patients which gave insight into; the impact of the disease process; practicalities of using the boot, positive experiences of use; perceived outcomes; reflecting on use. Six themes were created from the clinicians. These gave insight into; ideal outcomes and how to measure them; ways to potentially use the boot; using research in healthcare; positives of the device; observed effects and next steps; potential improvements to the device.ConclusionThis study provides insight into the experiences and opinions of FlowOx™. Patients and clinicians were positive about the device due to its ease of use. Those patients with peripheral arterial disease (PAD) experienced significantly more benefit, especially for ischaemic ulceration than those with a chronic venous condition. Clinicians placed value on the patient reported outcomes in the treatment decision-making process. This preliminary study into experiences of FlowOx™ use provides valuable feedback that will inform design modification and ongoing research into implementation points and prospective user groups. FlowOx™ demonstrates potential as a conservative therapy offering users a convenient, home use, self-care management solution for improving symptomatic PAD and quality of life (QoL).

scholarly journals A theoretical approach to auditor independence and audit quality

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 124-141
Author(s):  
Rahman Yakubu ◽  
Tracey Williams
Keyword(s):  
Audit Committee ◽  
Audit Quality ◽  
Audit Fees ◽  
Auditor Independence ◽  
Accounting Scandals ◽  
Audit Firms ◽  
Mandatory Audit Firm Rotation ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Insight Into

Auditor independence and the quality of audit report is of growing concern to regulators, institutional investors and stakeholders as a series of accounting scandals have undermined the professionalism of auditors. The findings from this study produced an insight of how auditor’s independence improve audit quality and that abnormal audit fees is as a result of additional effort for auditor to carry out rigorous audit engagement as a result of wider audit scope; that mandatory audit firm rotation will enhance auditor independence, and that audit committee with nonexecutive independence will promote audit quality. The study also finds that in terms of auditor size, smaller audit firms that belong to professional bodies will provide higher audit quality. The main conclusion of this research is that where an auditor is fully independent in carrying out audit engagement with strong resistance to fees pressure will enhance audit quality. This research provides insight into the impact of IFRS adoption on audit fees.

scholarly journals Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the production and sales of cars in the world

2021 ◽  
pp. 63-70
Author(s):  
Inna Shevchenko ◽  
Illia Dmytriiev ◽  
Oksana Dmytriieva
Keyword(s):  
Automotive Industry ◽  
Global Financial Crisis ◽  
Negative Consequences ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
The Past ◽  
The World ◽  
The Global Financial Crisis ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Insight Into

Problem. The global automotive industry has already had an experience of recovery from the global financial crisis of 2008, but the pandemic crisis of 2020 is quite different in nature and pattern of progress: in recent history it has had no analogues and it will be premature to state its completion. Therefore, it is important to determine the impact of the pandemic on the production and sale of cars in order to overcome the negative consequences. To address this issue, the article identifies the sensitivity of this subsector of mechanical engineering to destructive changes in the environment; an analysis of changes in the volume of production and sales of cars by countries of the world over the past period has been made. Goal. The aim of the work is to determine the destructive consequences and trends of the COVID-19 pandemic impact on the global automotive industry, namely the production and sale of cars. Methodology. To determine the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic, a vertical and horizontal analysis of car production and sales in the world has been conducted. Results. The results of the analysis allowed the authors to group the countries of the world by the destructive effects of the pandemic crisis of 2020 for the automotive industry. Originality. The carried out classification of countries by the destructive effects of the COVID-19 pandemic provided an opportunity to gain insight into its impact on the automotive industry, in particular on the production and sale of cars. Practical value. The obtained results can be recommended to identify further ways to overcome the negative effects of the COVID-19 pandemic in the automotive industry.

Parents' Perceptions of the Overall Impact of Stuttering on Young Children

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-13
Author(s):  
Linn Stokke Guttormsen ◽  
J. Scott Yaruss ◽  
Kari-Anne Bottegård Næss
Keyword(s):  
Young Children ◽  
Adverse Impact ◽  
School Age Children ◽  
School Age ◽  
Point Scale ◽  
Cognitive Reactions ◽  
Communication Difficulties ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Insight Into

Introduction Research has revealed the presence of emotional, behavioral, and cognitive reactions in young children who stutter; however, prior studies have not examined the overall impact of stuttering on young children's lives. Such information is necessary for improving understanding of how stuttering affects young children and for ensuring appropriate early intervention. Method This study employed an adaptation of the Overall Assessment of the Speaker's Experience of Stuttering for School-Age Children that was designed to ask parents about their perceptions of the impact of stuttering on their young children. Thirty-eight parents of young children who stutter (2–5 years of age) provided their perceptions of the impact of stuttering on their children. Parents rated how certain they were in their judgments using a 5-point scale to provide an indication of their confidence in proxy ratings of impact. Results Results indicated that, on average, parents perceived that stuttering affected their children negatively. Qualitatively, parents provided descriptions of the impact of stuttering on their children's quality of life, communication difficulties across people and situations, and reactions to stuttering; they also commented on their own feelings and strategies for handling impact. On average, parents perceived themselves to be certain in rating the impact of stuttering on their children. Conclusions Results indicated that parents identified adverse impact in their children's lives. Even though parents considered themselves to be certain in their impact ratings, clinicians and researchers should also assess the perspective of the children if appropriate. This is because present findings reveal that parents may not have insight into all aspects of impact, in particular, cognitive reactions to stuttering. Still, parents' perceptions of impact are important for clinicians to consider when giving recommendations for therapy, as they can provide important insight into the family's needs.

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