scholarly journals 5-Iodo-1-Arylpyrazoles as Potential Benchmarks for Investigating the Tuning of the Halogen Bonding

Crystals ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (12) ◽  
pp. 1149
Author(s):  
Denisa Dumitrescu ◽  
Sergiu Shova ◽  
Isabela C. Man ◽  
Mino R. Caira ◽  
Marcel Mirel Popa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Solid State ◽  
Small Molecules ◽  
Halogen Bond ◽  
Halogen Bonding ◽  
Halogen Bonds ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Aryl Ring ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Alkyl Groups ◽  
Hirshfeld Analysis

5-Iodo-1-arylpyrazoles are interesting templates for investigating the halogen bond propensity in small molecules other than the already well-known halogenated molecules such as tetrafluorodiiodobenzene. Herein, we present six compounds with different substitution on the aryl ring attached at position 1 of the pyrazoles and investigate them in the solid state in order to elucidate the halogen bonding significance to the crystallographic landscape of such molecules. The substituents on the aryl ring are generally combinations of halogen atoms (Br, Cl) and various alkyl groups. Observed halogen bonding types spanned by these six 5-iodopyrazoles included a wide variety, namely, C–I⋯O, C–I⋯π, C–I⋯Br, C–I⋯N and C–Br⋯O interactions. By single crystal X-ray diffraction analysis combined with the descriptive Hirshfeld analysis, we discuss the role and influence of the halogen bonds among the intermolecular interactions.

scholarly journals Halogen Bonds in 2,5-Dihalopyridine-Copper(I) Halide Coordination Polymers

Materials ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (20) ◽  
pp. 3305 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carolina von Essen ◽  
Kari Rissanen ◽  
Rakesh Puttreddy
Keyword(s):  
Coordination Polymers ◽  
Halogen Bond ◽  
Halogen Bonding ◽  
Halide Ions ◽  
Halogen Bonds ◽  
Discrete Structure ◽  
Electronic Effects ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Supramolecular Networks

Two series of 2,5-dihalopyridine-Cu(I)A (A = I, Br) complexes based on 2-X-5-iodopyridine and 2-X-5-bromopyridine (X = F, Cl, Br and I) are characterized by using single-crystal X-ray diffraction analysis to examine the nature of C2−X2···A–Cu and C5−X5···A–Cu halogen bonds. The reaction of the 2,5-dihalopyridines and Cu(I) salts allows the synthesis of eight 1-D coordination polymers and a discrete structure. The resulting Cu(I)-complexes are linked by C−X···A–Cu halogen bonds forming 3-D supramolecular networks. The C−X···A–Cu halogen bonds formed between halopyridine ligands and copper(I)-bound halide ions are stronger than C−X···X’–C interactions between two 2,5-dihalopyridine ligands. The C5−I5···I–Cu and C5−Br5···Br–Cu halogens bonds are shorter for C2-fluorine than C2-chlorine due to the greater electron-withdrawing power of fluorine. In 2,5-diiodopyridine-Cu(I)Br complex, the shorter C2−I2···Br–Cu [3.473(5) Å] distances are due to the combined polarization of C2-iodine by C2−I2···Cu interactions and para-electronic effects offered by the C5-iodine, whilst the long halogen bond contacts for C5−I5···Br–Cu [3.537(5) Å] are indicative that C2-iodine has a less para-electronic influence on the C5-iodine. In 2-fluoro-5-X-pyridine-Cu(I) complexes, the C2-fluorine is halogen bond passive, while the other C2-halogens in 2,5-dihalopyridine-Cu(I), including C2-chlorine, participate in halogen bonding interactions.

scholarly journals A systematic structural study of halogen bondingversushydrogen bonding within competitive supramolecular systems

IUCrJ ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 2 (5) ◽  
pp. 498-510 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christer B. Aakeröy ◽  
Christine L. Spartz ◽  
Sean Dembowski ◽  
Savannah Dwyre ◽  
John Desper
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Electrostatic Potential ◽  
Halogen Bond ◽  
Supramolecular System ◽  
Materials Chemistry ◽  
Halogen Bonds ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Supramolecular Systems ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Practical Guidelines ◽  
Primary Interaction

As halogen bonds gain prevalence in supramolecular synthesis and materials chemistry, it has become necessary to examine more closely how such interactions compete with or complement hydrogen bonds whenever both are present within the same system. As hydrogen and halogen bonds have several fundamental features in common, it is often difficult to predict which will be the primary interaction in a supramolecular system, especially as they have comparable strength and geometric requirements. To address this challenge, a series of molecules containing both hydrogen- and halogen-bond donors were co-crystallized with various monotopic, ditopic symmetric and ditopic asymmetric acceptor molecules. The outcome of each reaction was examined using IR spectroscopy and, whenever possible, single-crystal X-ray diffraction. 24 crystal structures were obtained and subsequently analyzed, and the synthon preferences of the competing hydrogen- and halogen-bond donors were rationalized against a background of calculated molecular electrostatic potential values. It has been shown that readily accessible electrostatic potentials can offer useful practical guidelines for predicting the most likely primary synthons in these co-crystals as long as the potential differences are weighted appropriately.

scholarly journals Open-circuit-voltage shift of over 0.5 V in organic photovoltaic cells induced by a minor structural difference in alkyl substituents

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (7) ◽  
pp. 1825-1831 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mitsuharu Suzuki ◽  
Kengo Terai ◽  
Cassandre Quinton ◽  
Hironobu Hayashi ◽  
Naoki Aratani ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Small Molecules ◽  
Open Circuit Voltage ◽  
Structural Difference ◽  
Open Circuit ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Large Shift ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Alkyl Groups ◽  
A Minor ◽  
P Type

The cause of a large shift in open-circuit voltage induced by a minor difference in end-alkyl groups of p-type small molecules is examined via X-ray diffraction and computation, revealing a critical impact of molecular packing.

scholarly journals Halogen Bonding in the Complexes of Brominated Electrophiles with Chloride Anions: From a Weak Supramolecular Interaction to a Covalent Br–Cl Bond

Crystals ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (12) ◽  
pp. 1075
Author(s):  
Cody Loy ◽  
Matthias Zeller ◽  
Sergiy V. Rosokha
Keyword(s):  
Bond Strength ◽  
Halogen Bond ◽  
Covalent Bond ◽  
Halogen Bonding ◽  
Halogen Bonds ◽  
Nucleophilic Reaction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Judicious Choice ◽  
Range Variation

The wide-range variation of the strength of halogen bonds (XB) not only facilitates a variety of applications of this interaction, but it also allows examining the relation (and interconversion) between supramolecular and covalent bonding. Herein, the Br…Cl halogen bonding in a series of complexes of bromosubstituted electrophiles (R-Br) with chloride anions were examined via X-ray crystallographic and computational methods. Six co-crystals showing such bonding were prepared by evaporation of solutions of R-Br and tetra-n-propylammonium chloride or using Cl− anions released in the nucleophilic reaction of 1,4-diazabicyclo[2.2.2]octane with dichloromethane in the presence of R-Br. The co-crystal comprised networks formed by 3:3 or 2:2 halogen bonding between R-Br and Cl−, with the XB lengths varying from 3.0 Å to 3.25 Å. Analysis of the crystallographic database revealed examples of associations with substantially longer and shorter Br…Cl separations. DFT computations of an extended series of R–Br…Cl− complexes confirmed that the judicious choice of brominated electrophile allows varying halogen Br…Cl bond strength and length gradually from the values common for the weak intermolecular complexes to that approaching a fully developed covalent bond. This continuity of halogen bond strength in the experimental (solid-state) and calculated associations indicates a fundamental link between the covalent and supramolecular bonding.

Nontypical iodine–halogen bonds in the crystal structure of (3E)-8-chloro-3-iodomethylidene-2,3-dihydro-1,4-oxazino[2,3,4-ij]quinolin-4-ium triiodide

2016 ◽  
Vol 72 (4) ◽  
pp. 341-345 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. V. Bartashevich ◽  
V. I. Batalov ◽  
I. D. Yushina ◽  
A. I. Stash ◽  
Y. S. Chen
Keyword(s):  
Crystal Structure ◽  
Rare Case ◽  
Halogen Bond ◽  
Spectroscopic Properties ◽  
Halogen Bonds ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Weakly Bound ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Raman Spectroscopic

Two kinds of iodine–iodine halogen bonds are the focus of our attention in the crystal structure of the title salt, C12H8ClINO+·I3−, described by X-ray diffraction. The first kind is a halogen bond, reinforced by charges, between the I atom of the heterocyclic cation and the triiodide anion. The second kind is the rare case of a halogen bond between the terminal atoms of neighbouring triiodide anions. The influence of relatively weakly bound iodine inside an asymmetric triiodide anion on the thermal and Raman spectroscopic properties has been demonstrated.

scholarly journals Azobenzene-based difunctional halogen-bond donor: towards the engineering of photoresponsive co-crystals

2013 ◽  
Vol 70 (1) ◽  
pp. 149-156 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marco Saccone ◽  
Giancarlo Terraneo ◽  
Tullio Pilati ◽  
Gabriella Cavallo ◽  
Arri Priimagi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Crystal Structure ◽  
Halogen Bond ◽  
Halogen Bonding ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Donor Molecule ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Covalent Interaction ◽  
Material Systems ◽  
Azo Group ◽  
Insight Into

Halogen bonding is emerging as a powerful non-covalent interaction in the context of supramolecular photoresponsive materials design, particularly due to its high directionality. In order to obtain further insight into the solid-state features of halogen-bonded photoactive molecules, three halogen-bonded co-crystals containing an azobenzene-based difunctional halogen-bond donor molecule, (E)-bis(4-iodo-2,3,5,6-tetrafluorophenyl)diazene, C12F8I2N2, have been synthesized and structurally characterized by single-crystal X-ray diffraction. The crystal structure of the non-iodinated homologue (E)-bis(2,3,5,6-tetrafluorophenyl)diazene, C12H2F8N2, is also reported. It is demonstrated that the studied halogen-bond donor molecule is a reliable tecton for assembling halogen-bonded co-crystals with potential photoresponsive behaviour. The azo group is not involved in any specific intermolecular interactions in any of the co-crystals studied, which is an interesting feature in the context of enhanced photoisomerization behaviour and photoactive properties of the material systems.

Color-tunable phosphorescence of 1,10-phenanthrolines by 4,7-methyl/-diphenyl/-dichloro substituents in cocrystals assembledviabifurcated C—I...N halogen bonds using 1,4-diiodotetrafluorobenzene as a bonding donor

2017 ◽  
Vol 73 (2) ◽  
pp. 247-254 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rui Liu ◽  
Yuan Jun Gao ◽  
Wei Jun Jin
Keyword(s):  
Noncovalent Interactions ◽  
Halogen Bonding ◽  
Luminescent Properties ◽  
Halogen Bonds ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Color Tunable ◽  
Non Covalent Interactions ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Covalent Interactions

Single-crystal X-ray diffraction reveals a series of phosphorescent cocrystals which were assembled by 1,4-diiodotetrafluorobenzene (1,4-DITFB) and either 4,7-dimethyl-1,10-phenanthroline (DMPhe), 4,7-diphenyl-1,10-phenanthroline (DPPhe) or 4,7-dichloro-1,10-phenanthroline (DClPhe)viaC—I...N halogen bonding. These cocrystals, labeled (1), (2) and (3), respectively, are phosphorescent and a distinct change in phosphorescent color can be observed from orange–yellow, green to yellow–green, with well defined vibrational band maxima at 587, 520 and 611 nm for (1), (2) and (3). Based on the dependence of halogen bonding in sites and strength, we discussed the impact of substituents with different electron-withdrawing effects and steric hindrance on intermolecular noncovalent interactions and phosphorescence. The method of inducing and modulating phosphorescence by halogen bonding and other weak non-covalent interactions through changing the substituent groups of molecules should be significant in both theory and the application of optical function materials with predictable and modulated luminescent properties.

Redox reactive (RNC)CuII species stabilized in the solid state via halogen bond with I2

2018 ◽  
Vol 233 (6) ◽  
pp. 371-377 ◽  
Author(s):  
Margarita Bulatova ◽  
Anna A. Melekhova ◽  
Alexander S. Novikov ◽  
Daniil. M. Ivanov ◽  
Nadezhda A. Bokach
Keyword(s):  
Crystal Structure ◽  
Electron Density Distribution ◽  
Halogen Bond ◽  
Topological Analysis ◽  
Halogen Bonding ◽  
Molecular Iodine ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Covalent Character ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Model Complex

AbstractThe crystal structure of [Cu2(μ-O)(μ-I)2(CNXyl)4]·I2(2·I2) was determined from single-crystal X-ray diffraction data. The adduct2·I2represents the first example of structurally characterized isocyanide-copper(II) complexes. In the structure of2·I2,2forms independent chains connected through molecular iodine via I···I–I···I halogen bonding. The DFT calculations and topological analysis of the electron density distribution within the formalism of Bader’s theory (QTAIM method) were performed for model complex2·I2and the obtained results allowed the attribution of these contacts to moderate strength (3.8–5.3 kcal/mol) non-covalent contacts exhibiting some covalent character.

Halogen Bonds in Two Silver(I) Mixed-ligand Supramolecular Frameworks: Synthesis, Structure and Photoluminescence

2011 ◽  
Vol 66 (10) ◽  
pp. 1035-1041 ◽  
Author(s):  
Di Sun ◽  
Rong-Bin Huang ◽  
Lan-Sun Zheng
Keyword(s):  
Solid State ◽  
Ir Spectroscopy ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Mixed Ligand ◽  
Methyl Groups ◽  
Halogen Bonds ◽  
Photoluminescence Properties ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Different Types

Two silver(I) tetrachlorophthalates incorporating aminopyrimidyl ligands, namely [Ag4(apym)4(tcpta)2]n (1) and [Ag2(dmapym)(tcpta)]n (2), (apym = 2-aminopyrimidine, dmapym = 2-amino-4,6-dimethylpyrimidine, H2tcpta = tetrachlorophthalic acid), were synthesized and characterized by elemental analysis, IR spectroscopy and single-crystal X-ray diffraction. Both 1 and 2 form sheets which are assembled into 3D supramolecular frameworks via halogen bonds, hydrogen bonds and π...π interactions. Even adding two more methyl groups to the pyrimidyl ring does not change the dimensions of 1 and 2, but it influences the arrangement of the N- and O-donors in the solid state which in turn results in different types of halogen bonds. The photoluminescence properties of 1 and 2 were investigated in the solid state at room temperature.

Anion Templated Crystal Engineering of Halogen Bonding Tripodal Tris(halopyridinium) Compounds

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emer Foyle ◽  
Nicholas White
Keyword(s):  
Crystal Engineering ◽  
Self Assembly ◽  
Halogen Bond ◽  
Halogen Bonding ◽  
Halogen Bonds ◽  
X Ray ◽  
X Ray Crystallography ◽  
H Nmr ◽  
Structural Database ◽  
Van Der Waals Radii

<div>In this work four new tripodal tris(halopyridinium) receptors containing potentially halogen</div><div>bonding groups were prepared. The ability of the receptors to bind anions in competitive</div><div>CD<sub>3</sub>CN/d<sub>6</sub>-DMSO was studied using <sup>1</sup>H NMR titration experiments, which revealed that the</div><div>receptors bind chloride anions more strongly than more basic acetate or other halide ions.</div><div>The solid state self–assembly of the tripodal receptors with halide anions was investigated by</div><div>X-ray crystallography. The nature of the structures was dependent on the choice of halide</div><div>anion, as well as the crystallisation solvent. Halogen bond lengths as short as 80% of the sum</div><div>of the van der Waals radii were observed, which is shorter than any halogen bonds involving</div><div>halopyridinium receptors in the Cambridge Structural Database.</div>

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