scholarly journals Drift Compensation of the Electronic Nose in the Development of Instruments for Out-of-Laboratory Analysis

2022 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 68
Author(s):  
Anastasiia Shuba ◽  
Tatiana Kuchmenko ◽  
Dariya Menzhulina
Keyword(s):  
Electronic Nose ◽  
Sensor Array ◽  
Exhaled Breath Condensate ◽  
Laboratory Analysis ◽  
Exhaled Breath ◽  
Statistical Process ◽  
Sensor Signals ◽  
Internal Standardization ◽  
The Stability

A technique was developed to evaluate and compensate for the drift of eight mass-sensitive sensors in an open detection cell in order to estimate the influence of external factors (temperature, changes in the chemical composition of the background) on the out-of-laboratory analysis of biosamples. The daily internal standardization of the system is an effective way to compensate for the sensor signal drift when the sorption properties of sensitive coatings change during their long-term, intensive operation. In this study, distilled water was proposed as a standard for water matrix-based biosamples (blood, exhaled breath condensate, urine, etc.). Further, internal standardization was based on daily calculation of the specific sensor signals by dividing the sensor signals for the biosample according to the corresponding averaged values obtained from three to five standard measurements. The stability of the sensor array operation was estimated using the theory of statistical process control (exponentially weighted moving average control charts) based on the specific signal of the sensor array. The control limits for the statistical quantity of the central tendency for each sensor and the whole array, as well as the variations of the sensor signals, were determined. The average times required for signal and run lengths, for the purpose of statistically substantiated monitoring of the electronic nose’s stability, were calculated. Based on an analysis of the tendency and variations in sensor signals during 3 months of operation, a technique was formulated to control the stability of the sensor array for the out-of-laboratory analysis of the biosamples. This approach was successfully verified by classifying the results of the analysis of the blood and water samples obtained for this period. The proposed technique can be introduced into the software algorithm of the electronic nose, which will improve decision-making during the long-term monitoring of health conditions in humans and animals.

scholarly journals Sensor array optimization techniques for exhaled breath analysis to discriminate diabetics using an electronic nose

ETRI Journal ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 40 (6) ◽  
pp. 802-812 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jin-Young Jeon ◽  
Jang-Sik Choi ◽  
Joon-Boo Yu ◽  
Hae-Ryong Lee ◽  
Byoung Kuk Jang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electronic Nose ◽  
Sensor Array ◽  
Breath Analysis ◽  
Optimization Techniques ◽  
Exhaled Breath ◽  
Exhaled Breath Analysis ◽  
Array Optimization

scholarly journals A Novel Modular eNose System Based on Commercial MOX Sensors to Detect Low Concentrations of VOCs for Breath Gas Analysis

Proceedings ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 2 (13) ◽  
pp. 993 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carsten Jaeschke ◽  
Oriol Gonzalez ◽  
Johannes J. Glöckler ◽  
Leila T. Hagemann ◽  
Kaylen E. Richardson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sensor Array ◽  
Gas Analysis ◽  
Exhaled Breath ◽  
Pattern Recognition Methods ◽  
Low Concentrations ◽  
Physical Sensors ◽  
Sensor Signals ◽  
Breath Gas Analysis ◽  
New Generation ◽  
Mox Sensors

In this work, a new generation of eNose systems particularly suited for exhaled breath gas analysis is presented. The developed analyzer system comprises a compact modular, low volume, temperature controlled sensing chamber explicitly tested for the detection of acetone, isoprene, pentane and isopropanol. The eNose system sensing chamber consists of three compartments, each of which can contain 8 analog Metal Oxide (MOX) sensors or 10 digital MOX sensors. Additional sensors within the digital compartment allow for pressure, humidity and temperature measurements. The presented eNose system contains a sensor array with up to 30 physical sensors and provides the ability to discriminate between low VOC concentrations under dry and humid conditions. The MOX sensor signals were analyzed by pattern recognition methods.

scholarly journals Cigarette-related cadmium and environmental pollution exposure are reflected in airway ultrafine particle content

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 00361-2019
Author(s):  
Einat Klein Fireman ◽  
Yochai Adir ◽  
Elizabeth Fireman ◽  
Aharon Kessel
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Pollution ◽  
Ultrafine Particles ◽  
Exhaled Breath Condensate ◽  
Ultrafine Particle ◽  
Exhaled Breath ◽  
Cadmium Content ◽  
Inflammatory Status ◽  
Copd Patients ◽  
High Level

IntroductionParticulate matter (PM) and cigarette-related cadmium exposure increases inflammation and smokers' susceptibility to developing lung diseases. The majority of inhaled metals are attached to the surface of ultrafine particles (UFPs). A low inhaled UFP content in exhaled breath condensate (EBC) reflects a high inflammatory status of airways.MethodsEBC was collected from 58 COPD patients and 40 healthy smokers and nonsmokers. Participants underwent spirometry, diffusion capacity, EBC and blood sampling. Environmental pollution data were collected from monitoring stations. UFPs were measured in EBC and serum, and cadmium content was quantified.ResultsSubjects with low UFP concentrations in EBC (<0.18×108·mL−1) had been exposed to higher long-term PM2.5 levels versus subjects with high UFP concentrations in EBC (>0.18×108·mL−1) (21.9 µg·m−3versus 17.4 µg·m−3, p≤0.001). Long-term PM2.5 exposure levels correlated negatively with UFP concentrations in EBC and positively with UFP concentrations in serum (r=−0.54, p≤0.001 and r=0.23, p=0.04, respectively). Healthy smokers had higher cadmium levels in EBC versus healthy nonsmokers and COPD patients (25.2 ppm versus 23.7 ppm and 23.3 ppm, p=0.02 and p=0.002, respectively). Subjects with low UFP concentrations in EBC also had low cadmium levels in EBC versus subjects with high UFP levels (22.8 ppm versus 24.2 ppm, p=0.004)ConclusionsLow UFP concentration in EBC is an indicator of high-level PM exposure. High cadmium levels in EBC among smokers and the association between cadmium and UFP content in EBC among COPD patients indicate cadmium lung toxicity.

scholarly journals Long-term repeatability of exhaled breath condensate pH in asthma

2008 ◽  
Vol 102 (3) ◽  
pp. 377-381 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rosalba Accordino ◽  
Annalisa Visentin ◽  
Anna Bordin ◽  
Silvia Ferrazzoni ◽  
Emanuela Marian ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Exhaled Breath Condensate ◽  
Exhaled Breath ◽  
Breath Condensate

scholarly journals Accuracy of the Electronic Nose Breath Tests in Clinical Application: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Biosensors ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (11) ◽  
pp. 469
Author(s):  
Hsiao-Yu Yang ◽  
Wan-Chin Chen ◽  
Rodger-Chen Tsai
Keyword(s):  
Diagnostic Accuracy ◽  
Electronic Nose ◽  
English Language ◽  
Sensor Array ◽  
Point Of Care ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Area Under The Curve ◽  
Exhaled Breath ◽  
Breath Tests ◽  
Standardized Report

(1) Background: An electronic nose applies a sensor array to detect volatile biomarkers in exhaled breath to diagnose diseases. The overall diagnostic accuracy remains unknown. The objective of this review was to provide an estimate of the diagnostic accuracy of sensor-based breath tests for the diagnosis of diseases. (2) Methods: We searched the PubMed and Web of Science databases for studies published between 1 January 2010 and 14 October 2021. The search was limited to human studies published in the English language. Clinical trials were not included in this review. (3) Results: Of the 2418 records identified, 44 publications were eligible, and 5728 patients were included in the final analyses. The pooled sensitivity was 90.0% (95% CI, 86.3–92.8%, I2 = 47.7%), the specificity was 88.4% (95% CI, 87.1–89.5%, I2 = 81.4%), and the pooled area under the curve was 0.93 (95% CI 0.91–0.95). (4) Conclusion: The findings of our review suggest that a standardized report of diagnostic accuracy and a report of the accuracy in a test set are needed. Sensor array systems of electronic noses have the potential for noninvasiveness at the point-of-care in hospitals. Nevertheless, the procedure for reporting the accuracy of a diagnostic test must be standardized.

scholarly journals Proteome Profiling of the Exhaled Breath Condensate after Long-Term Spaceflights

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (18) ◽  
pp. 4518 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexey Kononikhin ◽  
Alexander Brzhozovskiy ◽  
Anna Ryabokon ◽  
Kristina Fedorchenko ◽  
Natalia Zakharova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Prolonged Exposure ◽  
Exhaled Breath Condensate ◽  
Enrichment Analysis ◽  
Composition Analysis ◽  
Exhaled Breath ◽  
Physiological Changes ◽  
Microbial Composition ◽  
Long Distance ◽  
Breath Condensate

Comprehensive studies of the effects of prolonged exposure to space conditions and the overload experienced during landing on physiological and biochemical changes in the human body are extremely important in the context of planning long-distance space flights, which can be associated with constant overloads and various risk factors for significant physiological changes. Exhaled breath condensate (EBC) can be considered as a valuable subject for monitoring physiological changes and is more suitable for long-term storage than traditional monitoring subjects such as blood and urine. Herein, the EBC proteome changes due to the effects of spaceflight factors are analyzed. Thirteen EBC samples were collected from five Russian cosmonauts (i) one month before flight (background), (ii) immediately upon landing modules in the field (R0) after 169–199 days spaceflights, and (iii) on the seventh day after landing (R+7). Semi-quantitative label-free EBC proteomic analysis resulted in 164 proteins, the highest number of which was detected in EBC after landing (R0). Pathways enrichment analysis using the GO database reveals a large group of proteins which take part in keratinization processes (CASP14, DSG1, DSP, JUP, and so on). Nine proteins (including KRT2, KRT9, KRT1, KRT10, KRT14, DCD, KRT6C, KRT6A, and KRT5) were detected in all three groups. A two-sample Welch’s t-test identified a significant change in KRT2 and KRT9 levels after landing. Enrichment analysis using the KEGG database revealed the significant participation of detected proteins in pathogenic E. coli infection (ACTG1, TUBA1C, TUBA4A, TUBB, TUBB8, and YWHAZ), which may indicate microbiota changes associated with being in space. This assumption is confirmed by microbial composition analysis. In general, the results suggest that EBC can be used for noninvasive monitoring of health status and respiratory tract pathologies during spaceflights, and that the obtained data are important for the development of medicine for use in extreme situations. Data are available from ProteomeXchange using the identifier PXD014191.

The Stability of the WHO Reference Thromboplastin NIBS & C 67/40

1979 ◽  
Vol 42 (04) ◽  
pp. 1135-1140 ◽  
Author(s):  
G I C Ingram
Keyword(s):  
Human Brain ◽  
Collaborative Study ◽  
Calibration Constant ◽  
Long Term Stability ◽  
Freeze Dried ◽  
Show Evidence ◽  
Human Material ◽  
Reference Preparation ◽  
The Stability

SummaryThe International Reference Preparation of human brain thromboplastin coded 67/40 has been thought to show evidence of instability. The evidence is discussed and is not thought to be strong; but it is suggested that it would be wise to replace 67/40 with a new preparation of human brain, both for this reason and because 67/40 is in a form (like Thrombotest) in which few workers seem to use human brain. A �plain� preparation would be more appropriate; and a freeze-dried sample of BCT is recommended as the successor preparation. The opportunity should be taken also to replace the corresponding ox and rabbit preparations. In the collaborative study which would be required it would then be desirable to test in parallel the three old and the three new preparations. The relative sensitivities of the old preparations could be compared with those found in earlier studies to obtain further evidence on the stability of 67/40; if stability were confirmed, the new preparations should be calibrated against it, but if not, the new human material should receive a calibration constant of 1.0 and the new ox and rabbit materials calibrated against that.The types of evidence available for monitoring the long-term stability of a thromboplastin are discussed.

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