scholarly journals Nourished, Exposed Beaches Exhibit Altered Sediment Structure and Meiofaunal Communities

Diversity ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (6) ◽  
pp. 245 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephen R. Fegley ◽  
Julian P. S. Smith ◽  
Douglas Johnson ◽  
Amelia Schirmer ◽  
Jeremiah Jones‐Boggs ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
North Carolina ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Beach Nourishment ◽  
Sediment Composition ◽  
Free Living ◽  
Beach Sediment ◽  
Sediment Structure ◽  
The Past ◽  
Shoreline Protection ◽  
Heterogeneous Habitat

To retain recreational uses and shoreline protection, a large proportion of ocean beaches have been, and continue to be, nourished. Adding sand from subtidal and terrestrial sources to nourish beaches rarely re-creates the original sediment structure of the beach. Numerous studies have demonstrated that meiofaunal communities are altered by changes in sediment composition in low-energy substrates, therefore, we have explored whether beach nourishment has affected exposed, ocean beach meiofaunal communities. Since the early 2000s, we have conducted a series of sampling and experimental studies on meiofauna and sediments on nourished beaches in coastal North Carolina USA that had been sampled previously in the early 1970s, prior to any beach nourishment. Most of our studies consider meiofauna at the level of major taxa only. However, a few studies examine free-living flatworm (turbellarian) species in detail because of the existence of historical studies examining this group. Comparison of contemporary results to historical data and of heavily nourished versus lightly nourished beaches reveals extensive changes to beach sediment structure and meiofaunal community composition, indicating that the beaches are a more heterogeneous habitat than in the past. The effects of these substantial physical and biological changes to the production of beach ecosystem services are unlikely to be inconsequential.

scholarly journals NAGS HEAD RENOURISHMENT – PLANNING, DESIGN, AND NUMERICAL MODELING

2018 ◽  
pp. 74
Author(s):  
Haiqing Liu Kaczkowski ◽  
Tim W Kana ◽  
Ruben Visser
Keyword(s):  
North Carolina ◽  
Numerical Modeling ◽  
Beach Nourishment ◽  
Successful Completion ◽  
Short Term ◽  
The Past ◽  
Recreational Beach ◽  
The Town ◽  
The U.S

The 16 kilometer (km) beach along Nags Head (North Carolina, USA) has sustained chronic erosion over the past 50 years. In 2011, 3.5 million cubic meters (m3) of beach-quality sand was dredged from offshore and placed along the oceanfront at fill densities ranging from 150 m3/m to 400 m3/m (averages 220 m3/m). It is the largest locally funded beach nourishment project completed to date in the U.S. Following successful completion of the project, the Town of Nags Head monitored performance and developed strategies for beach maintenance and preservation with the goal of improving protection to all properties and recreational beach area. The short-term plan is a renourishment anticipated to commence in the summer of 2018 or before the 2011 project reaches 50% fill remaining. The long-term plan targets a timeframe of 30 years. This abstract will focus on the short-term plan whose original purpose and goals are to supplement and enhance the initial 2011 project.

A summary of beach nourishment in China: The past decade of practices

Shore & Beach ◽  
2020 ◽  
pp. 65-73
Author(s):  
Gen Liu ◽  
Feng Cai ◽  
Hongshuai Qi ◽  
Jianhui Liu ◽  
Gang Lei ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Beach Nourishment ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Ecological Design ◽  
Optimized Design ◽  
Limited Information ◽  
Personal Communications ◽  
Design Considerations ◽  
The Past ◽  
Technological Advances ◽  
Urban Beaches

Beach nourishment has been widely used for beach protection around the world. However, there is limited information about beach nourishment in China. This study offers an overview of beach nourishment practices, status and technological advances in China, based on the literature, reports, and personal communications. The results demonstrate that beach nourishment has been recognized as an effective and environmentally friendly measure to combat coastal erosion and has been increasingly adopted in China, especially in the past decade. The unique characteristics of coastal China resulted in a difference in beach nourishment between China and Western developed countries in terms of the types, objectives, and shapes of beach nourishment. For the types of nourishments in China, there were approximately the same number of restored beaches and newly constructed beaches. For fill sediment, homogeneous fill and heterogeneous fill comprised 51.1% and 48.9% of projects, respectively. The objective of beach nourishment was mainly to promote coastal tourism, and the shape of nourished beaches was dominated by headland bays. This study also indicated that China has achieved a number of technological advances in beach nourishment, including methods of beach nourishment on severely eroded coasts and muddy coasts, an optimized design of drain pipes involved in urban beaches, and ecological design considerations. From the past decade of practices, four aspects were proposed as considerations for future nourishment: sand sources, technique advances, ecological effects, and management of beach nourishments.

Brain-eating Amoebae Infection: Challenges and Opportunities in Chemotherapy

2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (12) ◽  
pp. 980-987 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammad Ridwane Mungroo ◽  
Ayaz Anwar ◽  
Naveed Ahmed Khan ◽  
Ruqaiyyah Siddiqui
Keyword(s):  
Mortality Rate ◽  
Free Living ◽  
Outdoor Activities ◽  
The Past ◽  
Free Living Amoeba ◽  
Challenges And Opportunities ◽  
Life Threatening ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
Living Nature ◽  
Treatment And Diagnosis

Pathogenic free-living amoeba are known to cause a devastating infection of the central nervous system and are often referred to as “brain-eating amoebae”. The mortality rate of more than 90% and free-living nature of these amoebae is a cause for concern. It is distressing that the mortality rate has remained the same over the past few decades, highlighting the lack of interest by the pharmaceutical industry. With the threat of global warming and increased outdoor activities of public, there is a need for renewed interest in identifying potential anti-amoebic compounds for successful prognosis. Here, we discuss the available chemotherapeutic options and opportunities for potential strategies in the treatment and diagnosis of these life-threatening infections.

Investigating “self-conscious” speech: The performance register in Ocracoke English

1998 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
pp. 53-83 ◽  
Author(s):  
Natalie Schilling-Estes
Keyword(s):  
North Carolina ◽  
Social Context ◽  
Stylistic Variation ◽  
Frequent Contact ◽  
The Past ◽  
Island Community ◽  
Style Shifting ◽  
New Residents ◽  
Insight Into ◽  
Regular Patterning

ABSTRACTThis article examines PERFORMANCE SPEECH in the historically isolated island community of Ocracoke, North Carolina. Over the past several decades islanders have come into increasingly frequent contact with tourists and new residents, who often comment on the island's “quaint” relic dialect. In response, some Ocracokers have developed performance phrases that highlight island features, particularly the pronunciation of/ay/ with a raised/backed nucleus, i.e. [Λ-1]. The analysis of/ay/ in the performance and non-performance speech of a representative Ocracoke speaker yields several important insights for the study of language in its social context. First, performance speech may display more regular patterning than has traditionally been assumed. Second, it lends insight into speaker perception of language features. Finally, the incorporation of performance speech into the variationist-based study of style-shifting offers support for the growing belief that style-shifting may be primarily proactive rather than reactive. (Keywords: Ocracoke, performance speech, style-shifting, stylistic variation, register, self-conscious speech.)

Arsenic Dispensing Powder Promotes Erythropoiesis in Myelodysplastic Syndromes via Downregulation of HIF1A and Upregulation of GATA Factors

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-25
Author(s):  
Teng Fan ◽  
Xiaomin Feng ◽  
Asumi Yokota ◽  
Weiyi Liu ◽  
Yuting Tang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Myelodysplastic Syndromes ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Mice Model ◽  
Medical Sciences ◽  
Gata Factors ◽  
The Past ◽  
Drug Mechanism ◽  
China Academy ◽  
Significant Efficacy ◽  
Xiyuan Hospital

Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) is a practical medicine based on thousands of years of medical practice in China. Arsenic dispensing powder (ADP) has been used as a treatment for MDS patients with a superior efficacy on anemia at Xiyuan Hospital of China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences. In this study, we retrospectively analyzed MDS patients that received ADP treatment in the past 9 years and confirmed that ADP improves patients’ anemia and prolongs overall survival in intermediate-risk MDS patients. Then, we used the MDS transgenic mice model and cell line to explore the drug mechanism. In normal and MDS cells, ADP does not show cellular toxicity but promotes differentiation. In mouse MDS models, we observed that ADP showed significant efficacy on promoting erythropoiesis. In the BFU-E and CFU-E assays, ADP could promote erythropoiesis not only in normal clones but also in MDS clones. Mechanistically, we found that ADP could downregulate HIF1A in MDS clones through upregulation of VHL, P53 and MDM2, which is involved in two parallel pathways to downregulate HIF1A. We also confirmed that ADP upregulates GATA factors in normal clones. Thus, our clinical and experimental studies indicate that ADP is a promising drug to promote erythropoiesis in both MDS and normal clones with a superior outcome than current regular therapies. ADP promotes erythropoiesis in myelodysplastic syndromes via downregulation of HIF1A and upregulation of GATA factors.

Material Behavior of 2D Steel Lattices with Different Unit-Cell Patterns

2021 ◽  
Vol 1046 ◽  
pp. 15-21
Author(s):  
Paiboon Limpitipanich ◽  
Pana Suttakul ◽  
Yuttana Mona ◽  
Thongchai Fongsamootr
Keyword(s):  
Elastic Modulus ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Base Material ◽  
Unit Cell ◽  
Material Behavior ◽  
Closed Form Solutions ◽  
The Past ◽  
Weight Density ◽  
Unit Cells ◽  
Cell Patterns

Over the past years, two-dimensional lattices have attracted the attention of several researchers because they are lightweight compared with their full-solid counterparts, which can be used in various engineering applications. Nevertheless, since lattices are manufactured by reducing the base material, their stiffnesses then become lower. This study presents the weight efficiency of the lattices defined by relations between the elastic modulus and the weight density of the lattices. In this study, the mechanical behavior of 2D lattices is described by the in-plane elastic modulus. Experimental studies on the elastic modulus of the 2D lattices made of steel are performed. Three lattices having different unit cells, including square, body-centered, and triangular unit cells, are considered. The elastic modulus of each lattice is investigated by tensile testing. All specimens of the lattices are made of steel and manufactured by waterjet cutting. The experimental results of the elastic modulus of the lattices with the considered unit-cell patterns are validated with those obtained from finite element simulations. The results obtained in this study are also compared with the closed-form solutions founded in the literature. Moreover, the unit-cell pattern yielding the best elastic modulus for the lattice is discussed through weight efficiency.

Age Differences in Life Events: A Multivariate Controlled Analysis

1988 ◽  
Vol 27 (3) ◽  
pp. 207-220 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dana C. Hughes ◽  
Dan G. Blazer ◽  
Linda K. George
Keyword(s):  
North Carolina ◽  
Life Events ◽  
Age Differences ◽  
Catchment Area ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Community Survey ◽  
Personal Interview ◽  
Community Based ◽  
Loved One ◽  
The Past

Effects of age on the distribution of specific life events experienced during the past year by community-based adults were examined controlling for sex, race, education, marital status, and place of residence. The controlled analyses were done using logistic regression. Data were gathered via personal interview from 3,798 respondents ages eighteen years and over who participated in the Epidemiologic Catchment Area (ECA), community survey from North Carolina. Respondents were placed in one of four age groups. The percentage of respondents reporting each of the nineteen events examined ranged from 0.5 percent for death of spouse to 19.1 percent for death of loved one. Age was an important predictor in the controlled analysis for thirteen of the seventeen life events examined. A majority of differences occurred between the youngest and oldest age groups. Age differences were not found for illness of one week or more involving activity limitation.

scholarly journals Free-Living User Perspectives on Musculoskeletal Pain and Patient-Reported Mobility With Passive and Powered Prosthetic Ankle-Foot Components: A Pragmatic, Exploratory Cross-Sectional Study

2022 ◽  
Vol 2 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andreas Kannenberg ◽  
Arri R. Morris ◽  
Karl D. Hibler
Keyword(s):  
Musculoskeletal Pain ◽  
Knee Pain ◽  
Online Survey ◽  
Rating Scales ◽  
Living Environment ◽  
Rank Test ◽  
Recall Bias ◽  
Free Living ◽  
The Past ◽  
Patient Reported

IntroductionStudies with a powered prosthetic ankle-foot (PwrAF) found a reduction in sound knee loading compared to passive feet. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to determine whether anecdotal reports on reduced musculoskeletal pain and improved patient-reported mobility were isolated occurrences or reflect a common experience in PwrAF users.MethodsTwo hundred and fifty individuals with transtibial amputation (TTA) who had been fitted a PwrAF in the past were invited to an online survey on average sound knee, amputated side knee, and low-back pain assessed with numerical pain rating scales (NPRS), the PROMIS Pain Interference scale, and the PLUS-M for patient-reported mobility in the free-living environment. Subjects rated their current foot and recalled the ratings for their previous foot. Recalled scores were adjusted for recall bias by clinically meaningful amounts following published recommendations. Statistical comparisons were performed using Wilcoxon's signed rank test.ResultsForty-six subjects, all male, with unilateral TTA provided data suitable for analysis. Eighteen individuals (39%) were current PwrAF users, whereas 28 subjects (61%) had reverted to a passive foot. After adjustment for recall bias, current PwrAF users reported significantly less sound knee pain than they recalled for use of a passive foot (−0.5 NPRS, p = 0.036). Current PwrAF users who recalled sound knee pain ≥4 NPRS with a passive foot reported significant and clinically meaningful improvements in sound knee pain (−2.5 NPRS, p = 0.038) and amputated side knee pain (−3 NPRS, p = 0.042). Current PwrAF users also reported significant and clinically meaningful improvements in patient-reported mobility (+4.6 points PLUS-M, p = 0.016). Individuals who had abandoned the PwrAF did not recall any differences between the feet.DiscussionCurrent PwrAF users reported significant and clinically meaningful improvements in patient-reported prosthetic mobility as well as sound knee and amputated side knee pain compared to recalled mobility and pain with passive feet used previously. However, a substantial proportion of individuals who had been fitted such a foot in the past did not recall improvements and had reverted to passive feet. The identification of individuals with unilateral TTA who are likely to benefit from a PwrAF remains a clinical challenge and requires further research.

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