scholarly journals Body Condition Score, Rumination, Intake, Milk Production and Milk Composition of Grazing Dairy Cows Supplemented with Rumen-Protected Lysine and Methionine

Dairy ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 462-468
Author(s):  
Long Cheng ◽  
Razaq Balogun ◽  
Fanzeng Meng ◽  
Frank R. Dunshea ◽  
Brendan Cullen
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Milk Production ◽  
Plasma Glucose ◽  
Milk Fat ◽  
Metabolizable Energy ◽  
Production Performance ◽  
Cow Milk ◽  
Seasonal Effects ◽  
Protein Pellet ◽  
Milk Urea

The study utilised a pasture grazing based, voluntary traffic automatic milking system to investigate milk production of cows fed a pasture-based diet and supplemented with a pellet formulated with vs. without rumen-protected lysine and methionine (RPLM). The study adopted a switch-over design (over two periods of 5 and 10 weeks, respectively) and used 36 cows and equally allocated them into two experimental groups. The RPLM (Trial) pellet had 2% lower crude protein, but similar metabolizable energy content compared to the Control pellet. Pellet intake was 10.0 and 9.4 kg/day/cow. Milk yield was 36.2 and 34.4 kg/day/cow (p = 0.23), and energy corrected milk was 35.1 and 33.8 kg/day/cow (p = 0.076), and milk solids was 2.55 and 2.46 kg/cow/day (p = 0.073) in the Control and Trial groups, respectively. Milk fat%, milk protein%, milk fat: protein ratio, milking frequency and rumination time were not different between the two groups (p > 0.05). In period 1, plasma glucose was 3.1 mmol/L for both groups and milk urea were 150 and 127 mg/L in the Control and Trial groups, respectively. Both plasma glucose (as a proxy for energy supply) and milk urea (as a proxy for nitrogen use efficiency; NUE) were not different between groups (p > 0.05). This study showed that under a grazing pasture system, feeding lactating dairy cows a low protein pellet with RPLM supplementation, maintained milk production performance and NUE, compared with cows fed a high protein Control pellet diet with no RPLM. Further research should assess the long-term (seasonal) effects of feeding a diet formulated with RPLM on cow intake, health and reproductive performance.

scholarly journals Energy and tannin extract supplementation for dairy cows on annual winter pastures

2017 ◽  
Vol 38 (2) ◽  
pp. 1017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tiago Pansard Alves ◽  
Kamila Maciel Dias ◽  
Lucélia Janes Hans Dallastra ◽  
Bibiana Lima Fonseca ◽  
Henrique Mendonça Nunes Ribeiro-Filho
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Milk Production ◽  
Latin Square ◽  
Metabolizable Energy ◽  
Production Performance ◽  
Tannin Extract ◽  
Milk Urea ◽  
Energy Supplementation ◽  
Metabolizable Proteins ◽  
Corn Grain

Energy supplementation can increase the consumption of metabolizable energy and substrate for microbial growth, while condensed tannins aid in increasing the duodenal flow of foodborne metabolizable proteins. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of energy supplementation and the inclusion of tannin extract (TE) from Acacia mearnsii (Weibull Black, Tanac S. A., Montenegro, Brazil) on the production performance of dairy cows grazing on winter pastures. Nine multiparous Holstein cows in mid lactation were distributed in a 3 × 3 Latin square experimental design over three periods of 28 days (21 adaptation and 7 sampling). The treatments were: without supplementation (WS), supplementation with 4 kg of corn grain (CG), and corn grain + 80 g of tannin extract (TE). The dry matter (DM) intake from pastures was similar among treatments, but the consumption of DM of the supplement was higher in the CG treatment than that in the TE treatment. The total DM intake was higher for the supplemented animals (17.3 kg?day-1) than that for the unsupplemented animals (14.9 kg?day-1) and in the TE treatment (17.7 kg?day-1) than in the CG treatment (16.7 kg day-1). Milk production increased from the unsupplemented to the supplemented animals (20.9 to 23.5 kg, respectively), while the content of urea N in the milk decreased (12.6 to 10.5 mg?100 mL-1, respectively). There were no differences in milk production or content of milk urea N between the CG and TE treatments. Energy supplementation is a tool for improving the nutritional profile and the performance of dairy cows in mid lactation grazing on annual winter pastures, while tannin extract aids in improving the energy balance.

The effect of genetic merit and concentrate proportion in the diet on nutrient utilization by lactating dairy cows

1999 ◽  
Vol 132 (4) ◽  
pp. 483-490 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. P. FERRIS ◽  
F. J. GORDON ◽  
D. C. PATTERSON ◽  
M. G. PORTER ◽  
T. YAN
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Energy Intake ◽  
Milk Production ◽  
Milk Fat ◽  
Nutrient Utilization ◽  
Metabolizable Energy ◽  
Energy Utilization ◽  
Energy Output ◽  
Genetic Merit ◽  
Gross Energy

Sixty Holstein/Friesian dairy cows, 28 of high genetic merit and 32 of medium genetic merit, were used in a continuous design, 2 (cow genotypes)×4 (concentrate proportion in diet) factorial experiment. High and medium merit animals had Predicted Transmitting Abilities for milk fat plus protein yield, calculated using 1995 as the base year (PTA95 fat plus protein), of 43·3 kg and 1·0 kg respectively. Concentrate proportions in the diet were 0·37, 0·48, 0·59 and 0·70 of total dry matter (DM), with the remainder of the diet being grass silage. During this milk production trial, 24 of these animals, 12 from each genetic merit, representing three animals from each concentrate treatment, were subject to ration digestibility, and nitrogen and energy utilization studies. In addition, the efficiency of energy utilization during the milk production trial was calculated.There were no genotype×concentrate level interactions for any of the variables measured (P>0·05). Neither genetic merit nor concentrate proportion in the diet influenced the digestibility of either the DM or energy components of the ration (P>0·05). When expressed as a proportion of nitrogen intake, medium merit cows exhibited a higher urinary nitrogen output and a lower milk nitrogen output than the high merit cows. Methane energy output, when expressed as a proportion of gross energy intake, was higher for the medium than high merit cows (P<0·05), while urinary energy output tended to decrease with increasing proportion of concentrate in the diet (P<0·05). In the calorimetric studies, neither heat energy production, milk energy output and energy retained, when expressed as a proportion of metabolizable energy intake, nor the efficiency of lactation (kl), were affected by either cow genotype or concentrate proportion in the diet (P>0·05). However when kl was calculated using the production data from the milk production trial the high merit cows were found to have significantly higher kl values than the medium merit cows (0·64 v. 0·59, P<0·05) while k l tended to fall with increasing proportion of concentrate in the ration (P<0·05). However in view of the many assumptions which were used in these latter calculations, a cautious interpretation is required.

EFFICIENCY OF PROTECTED LYSINE IN THE FEEDING OF DAIRY COWS

2016 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 66-70 ◽  
Author(s):  
Головин ◽  
Aleksandr Golovin
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Milk Production ◽  
Economic Efficiency ◽  
Milk Fat ◽  
Unit Cost ◽  
Test Group ◽  
Metabolizable Energy ◽  
Feed Consumption ◽  
Feed Additive ◽  
The Cost

The aim of research is feed additive use efficiency raising of the protected from decay in ruminal lysine LiziperlTM in feeding of highly productive cows calved for balancing rations in the level of lysine. In the experiment three groups of 13 animals studied the influence of feeding protected lysine toyoung female with a yield of 7.500 kg of milk per year from 11 to 100 days of lactation, at 40 and 80 g/head/day, for diet of feed intake, milk production level and quality characteristics of milk, for the biochemical status of blood and indicators of economic efficiency of milk production. As a result of balancing diet feeding cows experimental groups by the level of lysine, increased milk yield of standard (of 4%) of fat per 100 days of lactation was 5.0 and 8.4% (Р≤0.05), with an increase in output of milk fat and protein. Feed consumption per 1 kg of milk expressed metabolizable energy were lower than controls at 3.5-6.6%. Based on the results of biochemical studies in the blood test group II cows installed upward trend in the total protein level and the amount of free amino acids, as well as the activity of ALT, with a significant increase in the concentration of free lysine of 20.7%. Calculations of economic efficiency have shown that the use of the protected lysine LiziperlTM feeding calved dairy cows, in the amount of 40 and 80 g/head/day, significantly increases the cost of the unit cost of dairy products in the first 100 days of lactation in obtaining additional income from the sale of milk in the amount of 3.6-4.2%.

scholarly journals Effects of Dietary N-Carbamylglutamate Supplementation on Milk Production Performance, Nutrient Digestibility and Blood Metabolomics of Lactating Holstein Cows Under Heat Stress

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ning Ma ◽  
Yan Li ◽  
Liyuan Ren ◽  
Linqi Hu ◽  
Ruiting Xu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heat Stress ◽  
Antioxidant Capacity ◽  
Immune Function ◽  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Milk Production ◽  
Milk Fat ◽  
Ketone Bodies ◽  
Nutrient Digestibility ◽  
Production Performance ◽  
Feed Additive

Abstract Background: Heat stress (HS) becomes a serious threat to dairy cow industry in certain circumstances, N-carbamylglutamate (NCG) is a novel feed additive that may be used to alleviate HS. However, the effects and mechanisms of NCG on dairy cows under HS are still unknown. A total of 48 Holstein dairy cows with similar days in milk (154.37±13.56 d), parity (1-3), and body condition score (BCS) were randomly divided into 4 groups of 12 animals each. Under HS, the cows were fed a TMR diet supplemented with 0 (control), 15, 20, 25 g of NCG/d per cow for 60 days. Milk production performance was recorded and serum parameters were examined. Meanwhile, metabolomics study of plasma based on liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry (LC-MS) was also applied to investigate metabolites and pathways in response to NCG supplementation.Results: Milk yield (MY) was increased but milk urine nitrogen (MUN) was reduced by the NCG treatment. Addition of 15 g of NCG/d increased the milk protein percentage (MPP) compared with the control. No effect of NCG was observed on dry matter intake (DMI), lactose percentage (LP), milk fat percentage (MFP) and somatic cell count (SCC). Serum glucose (GLU) levels in cows fed with 15, 20, 25 g of NCG/d were increased by 14.35%, 19.34% and 18.63% in comparison with the control. Meanwhile, the concentrations of blood urea nitrogen (BUN) and blood ammonia (BA) were decreased with the addition of NCG. Results for antioxidant capacity and immune function showed beneficial effects of NCG, such as the increases in total antioxidant capacity (T-AOC), superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px), IgG, IgM and IgA. Clear separations of plasma metabolic profiles between control and NCG groups were observed in the score plots. Sixteen different metabolites involved in metabolisms of amino acids, ketone bodies, butanoate and energy, as well as gut microbiome-derived metabolism were regulated by NCG supplementation.Conclusions: This study found that NCG treatment improved antioxidant capacity, immune function, production performance, and metabolic profile of dairy cows under HS and provided new evidence for the better utilization of NCG.

scholarly journals Long-Term and Carryover Effects of Supplementation with Whole Oilseeds on Methane Emission, Milk Production and Milk Fatty Acid Profile of Grazing Dairy Cows

Animals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (10) ◽  
pp. 2978
Author(s):  
Camila Muñoz ◽  
Rodrigo Villalobos ◽  
Alejandra María Teresa Peralta ◽  
Rodrigo Morales ◽  
Natalie Louise Urrutia ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Milk Production ◽  
Milk Yield ◽  
Milk Fat ◽  
Mitigation Strategies ◽  
Production Performance ◽  
Carryover Effects ◽  
Autumn Period ◽  
Grazing Dairy Cows

Research is ongoing to find nutritional methane (CH4) mitigation strategies with persistent effects that can be applied to grazing ruminants. Lipid addition to dairy cow diets has shown potential as means to decrease CH4 emissions. This study evaluated the effects of oilseeds on CH4 emission and production performance of grazing lactating dairy cows. Sixty Holstein Friesian cows grazing pasture were randomly allocated to 1 of 4 treatments (n = 15): supplemented with concentrate without oilseeds (CON), with whole cottonseed (CTS), rapeseed (RPS) or linseed (LNS). Oilseeds were supplemented during weeks 1–16 (spring period) and 17–22 (summer period), and the autumn period (wk 23–27) was used to evaluate treatment carryover effects. Cows fed CTS decreased CH4 yield by 14% compared to CON in spring, but these effects did not persist after 19 weeks of supplementation (summer). Compared to CON, RPS decreased milk yield and CTS increased milk fat concentration in both spring and summer. In summer, CTS also increased milk protein concentration but decreased milk yield, compared to CON. In spring, compared to CON, CTS decreased most milk medium-chain fatty acids (FA; 8:0, 12:0, 14:0 and 15:0) and increased stearic, linoleic and rumenic FA, and LNS increased CLA FA. There were no carry-over effects into the autumn period. In conclusion, supplementation of grazing dairy cows with whole oilseeds resulted in mild effects on methane emissions and animal performance. In particular, supplementing with CTS can decrease CH4 yield without affecting milk production, albeit with a mild and transient CH4 decrease effect. Long term studies conducted under grazing conditions are important to provide a comprehensive overview of how proposed nutritional CH4 mitigation strategies affect productivity, sustainability and consumer health aspects.

scholarly journals Suplementación con hidroxianálogo de metionina: efecto sobre el desempeño productivo en vacas lecheras

2017 ◽  
Vol 28 (3) ◽  
pp. 643
Author(s):  
Omar Vargas Villalobos ◽  
Oscar Cambronero Castro ◽  
Jorge Alberto Elizondo Salazar
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Milk Production ◽  
Milk Fat ◽  
Dairy Farm ◽  
Financial Return ◽  
Total Solids ◽  
First Semester ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
Milk Urea ◽  
Potential Negative Effect

Supplementing dairy cows with low in protein diets with specific amino acids is a promising strategy to counteract the potential negative effect of metabolizable protein deficiency on productivity. The objective of this study was to quantify the productive performance of lactating dairy cows and their milk quality when they are offered two diets with different crude protein (CP) concentration and when they are supplemented with methionine hydroxy analog (HMTBA). This study was carried out in a commercial dairy farm located in Alfaro Ruiz-Alajuela, Costa Rica, during the first semester of 2014. Twenty multiparous Holstein cows under a grazing system were grouped according to days in lactation and calving number. Two diets with different concentrations of CP (high 16.6% and 15.8% standard), with or without inclusion of HMTBA (25 g/TM) were studied in a 2x2 factorial arrangement. No significant effects (P>0.05) on milk production, 4% fat corrected milk, milk fat, milk protein, lactose, total solids or milk urea nitrogen (MUN) were found when including HMTBA. Feeding cows with high CP concentration significantly increased (P<0.05) MUN concentration from 18.33 to 20.70 mg/dl. Supplementing HMTBA to grazing cows did not have a significant response (P>0.05) regarding the different variables, and no financial return was found due to the fact that neither total milk production nor total solids were increased.

Increasing Energy Ration of Bali Cattle to Improve Digestible Nutrient, Milk Yield and Milk Quality

2017 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 7
Author(s):  
Ni Nyoman Suryani ◽  
I Wayan Suarna ◽  
Ni Putu Sarini ◽  
I Gede Mahardika
Keyword(s):  
Energy Intake ◽  
Milk Production ◽  
Milk Yield ◽  
Milk Fat ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Parent Body ◽  
Milk Quality ◽  
Metabolizable Energy ◽  
Increase Energy Intake ◽  
Bali Cattle

To determine the effect of energy levels on digestible nutrient, milk production and milk quality of 7 months pregnant Bali cattle, was the purpose of this study. The study was conducted in Bali, Province of Indonesia on 12 pregnant breeding phase of pre-calving (2 months before the birth) with the parent body weight 329-340 kg/head. The treatment given is four types of Metabolizable Energy (ME) levels: 2000, 2100, 2200 and 2300/kg respectively as treatment A, B, C, and D. All ration contain 10% of crude protein. Variables measured: energy intake, digestible nutrient, milk yield, and milk quality. This research is a randomized block design. The results showed that increase energy ration until 2300 kcal ME/kg would significantly (P<0.05) increase energy intake and highest at cattle consumed ratio D is 22239.55 kcal/day. However, digestible nutrient was not affected. Milk production increased with increasing energy rations and highest (P<0.05) at cattle received treatment D is 2179.83 ml/day compared to treatment A 936.67 ml/day. Milk fat and milk lactose also highest (P<0.05) in treatment D are 8.56% and 4.76% respectively. Based on these results, it can be concluded that increase energy ration will increase energy intake, milk yield and milk fat and milk lactose of Bali cattle. 

scholarly journals Metabolic and Productive Response and Grazing Behavior of Lactating Dairy Cows Supplemented with High Moisture Maize or Cracked Wheat Grazing at Two Herbage Allowances in Spring

Animals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 919
Author(s):  
Verónica M. Merino ◽  
Lorena Leichtle ◽  
Oscar A. Balocchi ◽  
Francisco Lanuza ◽  
Julián Parga ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Milk Production ◽  
Milk Fat ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Body Condition Score ◽  
Latin Square ◽  
Ruminal Fermentation ◽  
High Moisture ◽  
Plasma Urea ◽  
Grazing Behavior

The aim was to determine the effect of the herbage allowance (HA) and supplement type (ST) on dry matter intake (DMI), milk production and composition, grazing behavior, rumen function, and blood metabolites of grazing dairy cows in the spring season. Experiment I: 64 Holstein Friesian dairy cows were distributed in a factorial design that tested two levels of daily HA (20 and 30 kg of dry matter (DM) per cow) and two ST (high moisture maize (HMM) and cracked wheat (CW)) distributed in two daily rations (3.5 kg DM/cow/day). Experiment II: four mid-lactation rumen cannulated cows, supplemented with either HMM or CW and managed with the two HAs, were distributed in a Latin square design of 4 × 4, for four 14-d periods to assess ruminal fermentation parameters. HA had no effect on milk production (averaging 23.6 kg/day) or milk fat and protein production (823 g/day and 800 g/day, respectively). Cows supplemented with CW had greater protein concentration (+1.2 g/kg). Herbage DMI averaged 14.17 kg DM/cow.day and total DMI averaged 17.67 kg DM/cow.day and did not differ between treatments. Grazing behavior activities (grazing, rumination, and idling times) and body condition score (BCS) were not affected by HA or ST. Milk and plasma urea concentration increased under the high HA (+0.68 mmol/L and +0.90 mmol/L, respectively). Cows supplemented with HMM had lower milk and plasma urea concentrations (0.72 mmol/L and 0.76 mmol/L less, respectively) and tended (p = 0.054) to have higher plasma β-hydroxybutyrate. Ruminal parameters did not differ between treatments.

scholarly journals Relationship between Temperament and Stage of Lactation, Productivity and Milk Composition of Dairy Cows

Animals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (7) ◽  
pp. 1840
Author(s):  
Ramūnas Antanaitis ◽  
Vida Juozaitienė ◽  
Vesta Jonike ◽  
Vytenis Čukauskas ◽  
Danguolė Urbšienė ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Milk Fat ◽  
Genetic Correlations ◽  
Subclinical Mastitis ◽  
Milk Composition ◽  
Cow Milk ◽  
Phenotypic Correlation ◽  
Protein Ratio ◽  
Stage Of Lactation ◽  
Milk Urea ◽  
Milk Performance

The aim of this study was to assess the relationship between temperament and milk performance in cows at different stages of lactation, describing their productivity, metabolic status and resistance to mastitis. This study showed that with increasing lactation, cows’ temperament indicators decreased (p < 0.001) and they became calmer. The highest temperament score on a five-point scale was found in cows between 45 and 100 days of lactation. In the group of pregnant cows, we found more cows (p = 0.005) with a temperament score of 1–2 compared with non-pregnant cows A normal temperament was usually detected in cows with lactose levels in milk of 4.60% or more and when the somatic cell count (SCC) values in cow milk were <100,000/mL and 100,000–200,000/mL, with a milk fat-to-protein ratio of 1.2. A larger number of more sensitive and highly aggressive cows was detected at a low milk urea level. In contrast to a positive phenotypic correlation (p < 0.05), this study showed a negative genetic correlation between the temperament of cows and milk yield (p < 0.001). Positive genetic correlations between temperament scores and milk somatic cells (p < 0.001) and milk fat-to-protein ratio (p < 0.05) were found to indicate a lower genetic predisposition in cows with a calmer temperament to subclinical mastitis and ketosis. On the other hand, the heritability of temperament (h2 = 0.044–0.100) showed that only a small part of the phenotypic changes in this indicator is associated with genetic factors.

scholarly journals PSI-3 Effects of housing cow-calf pairs in drylots vs pasture during the summer on cow performance

2020 ◽  
Vol 98 (Supplement_3) ◽  
pp. 228-228
Author(s):  
Keiffer Sexton ◽  
Megan Myerscough ◽  
Wesley Chapple ◽  
William T Meteer ◽  
Keela Trennepohl ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Milk Production ◽  
Milk Fat ◽  
Binary Data ◽  
Pregnancy Rates ◽  
Corn Silage ◽  
Fat Percentage ◽  
Beef Cow ◽  
Dried Distillers Grains ◽  
Milk Urea ◽  
Cow Performance

Abstract The objective was to evaluate the effects of maintaining cows in drylots vs pasture on beef cow performance. Spring-calving, Simmental × Angus cows (n = 108; 84 ± 11 d postpartum) were stratified by age, BW, BCS, calving date, and sex of calves and allotted to 6 groups. Groups were randomly assigned to 1 of 2 treatments for 110 d: drylot (DL) or pasture (PAST). Drylot cows were limit-fed a ration consisting of corn silage, dried distillers grains, hay, corn stalks, corn, and soybean hulls to meet protein and energy requirements. Cows on pasture were rotationally grazed and offered free-choice mineral. On d 0, cows were artificially inseminated (AI). On d 0, 53, and 110 (weaning), cow BW and BCS were measured. On d 54 milk production was estimated using the weigh-suckle-weigh technique. Data were analyzed using the MIXED procedure of SAS. All binary data were analyzed using the GLIMMIX procedure of SAS. On d 0 and 53, cow BW did not differ (P ≥ 0.73) between DL and PAST. On d 110, DL cows had 74 kg greater (P &lt; 0.01) BW than PAST cows. The BCS did not differ (P ≥ 0.66) between treatments. There was no difference in milk production (P = 0.93); however, drylot cows tended (P = 0.10) to have reduced milk fat percentage and had reduced (P &lt; 0.01) milk urea nitrogen. There was no difference (P ≥ 0.34) in AI or overall pregnancy rates between treatments. There was no difference in foot angle or claw set (P ≥ 0.17) of cows at any time point. There was also no difference (P = 0.17) in foot treatments between DL (39%) and PAST (4%). Housing cows in drylots compared to pasture increased BW, but did not affect BCS, milk production, and pregnancy rates.

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