PENGARUH PEMBERIAN MINUMAN KARBOHIDRAT ELEKTROLIT TERHADAP PRODUKTIVITAS KERJA PADA PEKERJA PEMBUATAN BATU BATA

Work productivity is influenced by many things, one of which depends on the availability of nutrients in the worker's body. In industrial workers, the lack of nutrient consumption that is often experienced is lack of fluids. Workers who worked in hot ambient temperatures for 10 days lost an average of 4.8 - 6 grams of sodium. However, lost body fluids cannot be replaced by simply drinking water during work. This research is a quantitative study with a quasy experimental study design with one group pretest-posttest design which aims to determine the effect of giving electrolyte carbohydrates on work productivity of brick-making workers. The population in this study were all brick-making workers in the drying section, a sample of 42 people who were taken using the total sampling technique. Data were analyzed using Paired Sample t-test with α = 0.05. The results showed that there was an effect of giving electrolyte carbohydrate drinks on the work productivity of brick making workers (p value = 0.000). Giving electrolyte carbohydrate drinks can increase energy intake and bind Na + to remain in the cells. Electrolyte carbohydrate drinks replace water and electrolytes lost through sweat during activity and replace carbohydrates used from liver and muscle reserves during activity. Therefore, the owner of the masonry factory is expected to be able to provide water and electrolyte carbohydrate drinks for workers so that workers' fluid needs are met, workers do not experience fatigue and eventually work productivity increases.

Is Weight Loss More Severe in Older People with Dementia?

Weight loss, a hallmark feature of dementia, is associated with higher mortality in older people. However, there is a lack of consensus in the literature as to whether the weight loss commonly observed in older people with dementia results from reduced energy intake and/or increased energy expenditure. Understanding the cause of energy imbalance in older people with dementia would allow more targeted interventions to avoid detrimental health effects in this vulnerable group. In this paper, we review studies that have considered weight change, energy intake, and energy expenditure in older people with and without dementia. We critically assess the studies’ methodology and outline the various factors which may decrease and increase energy intake and expenditure respectively in older people with and without dementia. Current available literature does not support the view that there is a lower energy intake and/or a higher energy expenditure in older people with dementia when compared to those without dementia. The need for more high-quality studies is also highlighted in order to shed more light towards this issue which continues to elude researchers and clinicians alike.

Acute Impact of the Use of a Standing Desk on Appetite Sensations and Energy Intake

Background: Sedentariness has been shown to increase energy intake and is associated with increased obesity prevalence. Active workstations are used to implement physical activity interventions in workplaces, but it is unclear if they can lead to reductions in body weight. This study aims to observe the acute impact of a standing desk on energy intake and appetite sensations. Methods: Participants came to the laboratory, where they were randomly assigned to a seated or a standing desk. They completed a work session (∼75 min) during which they performed cognitive tasks and reported their levels of stress. Following this, they had a 15-minute break during which buffet-type snacks were served. Subjects were asked to rate their appetite sensations on visual analog scales. Results: Thirty-six normal-weight men and women aged 24.3 (4.3) years participated in this study. Energy intake from snacks was similar (P = .472) between participants who sat (427.8 [286.9] kcal) and the ones who stood (461.2 [272.8] kcal) during the work session. There was no difference in satiety quotients around the snack and no significant interaction time × condition for appetite sensations. Conclusion: The use of a standing desk for 75 minutes did not increase food consumption following a meal.

Effects of Age on Acute Appetite-Related Responses to Whey-Protein Drinks, Including Energy Intake, Gastric Emptying, Blood Glucose, and Plasma Gut Hormone Concentrations—A Randomized Controlled Trial

Protein-rich supplements are used commonly to increase energy intake in undernourished older people. This study aimed to establish age effects on energy intake, appetite, gastric emptying, blood glucose, and gut hormones in response to protein-rich drinks. In a randomized double-blind, order, 13 older men (age: 75 ± 2 yrs, body mass index (BMI): 26 ± 1 kg/m2) and 13 younger (23 ± 1 yrs, 24 ± 1 kg/m2) men consumed (i) a control drink (~2 kcal) or drinks (450 mL) containing protein/fat/carbohydrate: (ii) 70 g/0 g/0 g (280 kcal/‘P280′), (iii) 14 g/12.4 g/28 g (280 kcal/‘M280′), (iv) 70 g/12.4 g/28 g (504 kcal/‘M504′), on four separate days. Appetite (visual analog scales), gastric emptying (3D ultrasonography), blood glucose, plasma insulin, ghrelin, cholecystokinin (CCK), glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) concentrations (0–180 min), and ad-libitum energy intake (180–210 min) were determined. Older men, compared to younger men, had higher fasting glucose and CCK concentrations and lower fasting GLP-1 concentrations (all p < 0.05). Energy intake by P280 compared to control was less suppressed in older men (increase: 49 ± 42 kcal) than it was in younger men (suppression: 100 ± 54 kcal, p = 0.038). After the caloric drinks, the suppression of hunger and the desire to eat, and the stimulation of fullness was less (p < 0.05), and the stimulation of plasma GLP-1 was higher (p < 0.05) in older men compared to younger men. Gastric emptying, glucose, insulin, ghrelin, and CCK responses were similar between age groups. In conclusion, ageing reduces the responses of caloric drinks on hunger, the desire to eat, fullness, and energy intake, and protein-rich nutrition supplements may be an effective strategy to increase energy intake in undernourished older people.

OR31-07 Increased Caloric Intake Improves Regularity of Menses and Is Associated with Increased TT3 and Leptin in Exercising Women with Oligo/amenorrhea: The “REFUEL” Randomized Controlled Trial

Exercising women often fail to consume adequate energy intake relative to energy expenditure and are thus susceptible to menstrual disturbances and poor bone health secondary to energy deficiency. Ideal treatment plans are to increase energy intake to reverse energetic suppression. The purpose of this study was to determine if REFUEL, a 12-month randomized controlled trial (RCT) of increased energy intake, improves menstrual frequency and markers of energetic status in exercising women with oligo/amenorrhea. Young, exercising women with oligo/amenorrhea were randomized into two groups. The treatment group (Oligo/Amen+Cal, n=32) increased energy intake 20-40% above baseline energy needs and the Oligo/Amen Control group (n=30) maintained exercise and eating habits for the 12-month intervention. Menses was tracked throughout the intervention by menstrual calendars and daily urine samples, energetic status was assessed by body composition and total triiodothyronine (TT3) and leptin concentrations. Conditional recurrent events Cox Proportional Hazards model tested the effects of the intervention and multi-level modelling assessed relationships among variables. There was a significant group*time interaction for body mass, percent body fat, fat mass, and TT3 concentrations (p&lt;0.03), such that Oligo/Amen+Cal women gained more body and fat mass and had a greater increase in TT3 during the study compared to Oligo/Amen Controls. Specifically, Oligo/Amen+Cal women (21.6 yrs, BMI: 20.2 kg/m2) increased energy intake by 353 kcal/d and gained 1.9 kg of body mass, corresponding to increased fat mass (1.2 kg) and leptin (64%). Oligo/Amen Controls (20.9 yrs, BMI: 21.3 kg/m2) had no change (-32 kcal/d) in energy intake (p&lt;0.001 vs. Oligo/Amen+Cal) and minimal change in body mass (0.8 kg; p=0.04 vs. Oligo/Amen+Cal), fat mass (0.4 kg; p=0.08 vs. Oligo/Amen+Cal), and leptin (21% increase, p=0.07 vs. Oligo/Amen+Cal). Controlling for baseline BMI and menstrual status, the intervention increased the likelihood of experiencing menses (p&lt;0.001) such that Oligo/Amen+Cal women were twice as likely (104% increase) to experience menses during the intervention compared to Oligo/Amen Controls. Further, the higher the BMI at baseline, the greater the likelihood of experiencing a menses such that for every kg/m2 increase in BMI the likelihood of menses increased by 10%. Overall, a nutritional intervention designed to increase energy intake by a moderate amount in exercising women with oligo/amenorrhea successfully improved body mass and fat mass, concentrations of metabolic hormones, and the likelihood of experiencing menses compared to oligo/amenorrheic women who maintained exercise and eating habits. As such, treatment plans designed to increase energy intake can be successful in reversing energetic suppression and recovering menses.

Verdauungsoptimierung – wie sich Ernährung und Mikrobiom gegenseitig beeinflussen

Nutrition affects intestinal bacteria by stimulating the expansion of bacteria that can metabolize the nutrient components offered. Conversely, gut bacteria help to optimize food digestion and increase energy intake. Thus, the intestinal microbiome is regulated primarily by nourishment: it determines the composition, function and diversity of the microbiome. As a result, the intestinal microbiome helps to optimize energy and substrate production from food. This is beneficial in cases of imminent malnutrition, but can be detrimental in case of overeating and obesity.

Optimisation modelling to improve the diets of First Nations individuals

We examined the feasibility of linear programming (LP) to develop diets that were economical, included traditional (cultural, non-market) foods and met the dietary reference intakes (DRI) in a Canadian Indigenous population. Diet optimisation using LP is a mathematical technique that can develop food-based dietary guidelines for healthy eating in Indigenous populations where food insecurity, availability and cost are important considerations. It is a means of developing nutritionally optimal food combinations that are based on economical and culture-specific foods. Observed food consumption data were derived using 24-h food recalls from the First Nations Food, Nutrition and Environment Study. The LP models were constructed to develop diets meeting DRI, cost and food constraints. Achieving the recommended food intake was not feasible in a model meeting all nutrient requirements. Models that met most nutrient requirements at reduced cost were designed for men and women, separately. In women, it was necessary to increase energy intake to meet most nutrient requirements. Nutrient requirements could not be met for fibre, linoleic and linolenic acids, vitamin D, Ca and K in both sexes, P in women, and Mg and vitamin A in men. Using LP to develop optimal diets for First Nations people, we found simultaneous achievement of all DRI was difficult, suggesting that supplementation might be necessary which goes against recommendations for individuals to meet their nutrient needs through healthy eating patterns. Additionally, to make diets feasible, programmes to reduce market food costs and to support First Nations people in traditional food harvesting are recommended.

Utilization of Rumen Mechanical Stimulator as Pseudo Fiber in Ruminant to Minimize Metabolic Problem

Feeding high concentrate diet, characterized with high starch and low fiber is applied to increase energy intake for an optimal production performance in ruminants. However, the prevalence of digestive disorder namely ruminal acidosis has been reported as drawback of this feeding strategy. This encourages farmers and nutritionist to supply adequate fiber in the diet to meet minimum dietary fiber requirement. However, feeding high forage diet is reported to give adverse effect on production performance, thus economic loss for farmers. Therefore, some sorts of artificial fiber utilizations have been introduced to reduce the risk of nutritional diseases as well as improving ruminant productivity. The utilization of rumen mechanical stimulator aims to maintain a healthy rumen function in ruminants fed with high concentrate diet. Objective of this article is to review recent development of rumen mechanical stimulators utilization, a pseudo fiber to substitute forage physical function in the rumen of ruminants. This review highlights the use of rumen mechanical stimulators in dairy cattle, beef cattle and sheep with particular attention in rumination time and rumen parameters. In conclusion, rumen mechanical stimulator is attributable to minimize metabolic problem associated with high concentrate feeding by providing mechanical stimulation on the rumen wall.

The role of low-calorie sweeteners in the prevention and management of overweight and obesity: evidence v. conjecture

By virtue of reducing dietary energy density, low-calorie sweeteners (LCS) can be expected to decrease overall energy intake and thereby decrease body weight. Such effects will be limited by the amount of sugar replaced by LCS, and the dynamics of appetite and weight control (e.g., acute compensatory eating, and an increase in appetite and decrease in energy expenditure accompanying weight loss). Consistent with these predictions, short-term intervention studies show incomplete compensation for the consumption of LCS v. sugar, and longer-term intervention studies (from 4 weeks to 40 months duration) show small decreases in energy intake and body weight with LCS v. sugar. Despite this evidence, there are claims that LCS undermine weight management. Three claims are that: (1) LCS disrupt the learned control of energy intake (sweet taste confusion hypothesis); (2) exposure to sweetness increases desire for sweetness (sweet tooth hypothesis); (3) consumers might consciously overcompensate for ‘calories saved’ when they know they are consuming LCS (conscious overcompensation hypothesis). None of these claims stands up to close examination. In any case, the results of the intervention studies comparing LCS v. sugar indicate that the effect of energy dilution outweighs any tendency LCS might conceivably have to increase energy intake.