scholarly journals Datasets for the Determination of Evaporative Flux from Distilled Water and Saturated Brine Using Bench-Scale Atmospheric Simulators

Data ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Jared Suchan ◽  
Shahid Azam
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Data ◽  
Saline Water ◽  
Distilled Water ◽  
Canadian Prairies ◽  
Bench Scale ◽  
Evaporative Flux ◽  
Improved Design ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Empirical Field

Evaporation from fresh water and saline water is critical for the estimation of water budget in the Canadian Prairies. Predictive models using empirical field-based data are subject to significant errors and uncertainty. Therefore, highly controlled test conditions and accurately measured experimental data are required to understand the relationship between atmospheric variables at water surfaces. This paper provides a comprehensive dataset generated for the determination of evaporative flux from distilled water and saturated brine using the bench-scale atmospheric simulator (BAS) and the subsequently improved design (BAS2). Analyses of the weather scenarios from atmospheric parameters and evaporative flux from the experimental data are provided.

scholarly journals Effect of Salinity on Evaporation from Water Surface in Bench-Scale Testing

Water ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (15) ◽  
pp. 2067
Author(s):  
Jared Suchan ◽  
Shahid Azam
Keyword(s):  
Small Variation ◽  
Arid Environments ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Canadian Prairies ◽  
Theoretical Contribution ◽  
Bench Scale ◽  
Data Scatter ◽  
Simulated Climate ◽  
Evaporative Flux ◽  
Simulator Test

Freshwater and hypersaline lakes in arid and semi-arid environments are crucial from agricultural, industrial, and ecological perspectives. The purpose of this paper was to investigate the effect of salinity on evaporation from water surfaces. The main achievement of this research is the successful capture of simulated climate–surface interactions prevalent in the Canadian Prairies using a custom-built bench-scale atmospheric simulator. Test results indicated that the evaporative flux has a large variation during spring (water/brine: 1452/764 10−4 g·s−1·m−2 and 613/230 × 10−4 g·s−1·m−2 night) and summer (1856/1187 × 10−4 g·s−1·m−2 day and 1059/394 × 10−4g·s−1·m−2 night), and small variation in the fall (1591/915 × 10−4 g·s−1·m−2 and 1790/1048 × 10−4 g·s−1·m−2 night). The primary theoretical contribution of this research is that the evaporation rate from distilled water is twice that of saturated brine. The measured data for water correlated well with mathematical estimates; data scatter was evenly distributed and within one standard deviation of the equality line, whereas the brine data mostly plotted above the equality line. The newly developed 2:1 water–brine correlation for evaporation was found to follow the combination equations with the Monteith model best matching the measurements.

Modeling of dielectric relaxation in clays at negative and positive temperatures

2021 ◽  
Vol 64 (1) ◽  
pp. 58-63
Author(s):  
A.V. Repin ◽  
◽  
O.V. Rodionova ◽  
E.S. Kroshka ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Data ◽  
Dielectric Constant ◽  
Relaxation Process ◽  
Bound Water ◽  
Complex Dielectric Constant ◽  
Distilled Water ◽  
Frequency Range ◽  
Water Ice ◽  
Free And Bound Water ◽  
The Relationship

Experimental data on measuring the complex dielectric constant (CDP) of clays with full moistening with distilled water in the frequency range from 1 kHz to 8.5 GHz at temperatures from -15 to +25 °C are presented. The modeling of the dependences of is carried out by a multirelaxation model that takes into account the relaxation of free and bound water, as well as relaxation at the bound water - mineral and bound water - air boundaries. It is shown that at temperatures below -5 °C, a relaxation process appears in the CDP spectrum due to polarization at the bound water - ice or ice - mineral interface. The relationship between the parameters of this relaxation process and the petrophysical characteristics of the rock is found.

scholarly journals Determination of Evaporative Fluxes Using a Bench-Scale Atmosphere Simulator

Water ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 84
Author(s):  
Jared Suchan ◽  
Shahid Azam
Keyword(s):  
Accurate Determination ◽  
Test Duration ◽  
Atmospheric Conditions ◽  
Canadian Prairies ◽  
Bench Scale ◽  
Target Values ◽  
Transfer Equations ◽  
Vapour Flux ◽  
Local Water

An accurate determination of evaporative fluxes is critical for efficient water management in semi-arid climates such as in the Canadian Prairies. The main achievements of this research are the design and operation of a bench-scale atmosphere simulator, performance evaluation using selected weather scenarios pertaining to regional atmospheric conditions, validation using established empirical correlations, and estimation of evaporation rates and the amount for a typical local water body. Results indicate that the measured data achieved the target values for the various parameters and the data were found to be stable during the 3-h test duration. The vapour flux was found to have large variation during summer (0.120 g∙s−1∙m−2 during the day and 0.047 g∙s−1∙m−2 at night), low variation during spring (0.116 g∙s−1∙m−2 during the day and 0.062 g∙s−1∙m−2 at night), and negligible change during fall (0.100 g∙s−1∙m−2 during the day and 0.076 g∙s−1∙m−2 at night). The measured vapour flux was generally within one standard deviation of the equality line when compared with that predicted by both the mass-transfer equations and the combination equations. The average evaporation ranged from 4 mm∙d−1 to 8 mm∙d−1 during the day and decreased to 1 mm∙d−1 to 3 mm∙d−1 at night. The 24-h evaporation was found to be 8 ± 1 mm∙d−1 from late April through late October. Likewise, the cumulative annual evaporation was found to be 1781 mm, of which 82% occurs during the day and 18% at night.

Extending the linear range for kinetic reactions by considering the relationship between enzyme activity of the reagent and measurement intervals.

1986 ◽  
Vol 32 (11) ◽  
pp. 2021-2025 ◽  
Author(s):  
M P Goren ◽  
J E Davis
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Data ◽  
Enzyme Activity ◽  
Linear Range ◽  
Concentration Curve ◽  
Measurement Interval ◽  
Km Value ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Substrate Concentrations ◽  
Selection Of

Abstract We show that the rate-concentration curve is sigmoidal for enzyme-catalyzed procedures that are commonly applied to rapid automated analyzers. Linear data can be obtained by judicious selection of the reagent enzyme activity (Vm) and the measurement interval (t1 to t2). For determination of substrate concentrations much less than Km, conditions that balance linearity with sensitivity and accuracy are obtained when Vm/Km = [ln (t2/t1)]/(t2-t1). We also present theoretical and experimental data that show the linear range can be extended to concentrations exceeding the Km value. We illustrate the application of theoretically appropriate conditions by analysis of procedures reported to be optimized. Familiarity with these concepts can obviate laborious and potentially misleading experimentation.

scholarly journals Determination of Molecular Diameter by PVT

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-5 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vahid Moeini ◽  
Mehri Deilam
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Data ◽  
Potential Energy ◽  
Internal Pressure ◽  
Potential Function ◽  
Supercritical Fluids ◽  
Accurate Calculation ◽  
Dense Fluids ◽  
Lennard Jones ◽  
The Relationship

We derive an equation for calculation of molecular diameter of dense fluids, with using simultaneous Lennard-Jones (12-6) potential function and the internal pressure results. Considering the internal pressure by modeling the average configurational potential energy and then taking its derivative with respect to volume to a minimum point of potential energy has been shown that molecular diameter is function of the resultant of the forces of attraction and the forces of repulsion between the molecules in a fluid. The regularity is tested with experimental data for 10 fluids including Ar, N2, CO, CO2, CH4, C2H6, C3H8, C4H10, C6H6, and C6H5CH3. These problems have led us to try to establish a function for the accurate calculation of the molecular diameter based on the internal pressure theory for different fluids. The relationship appears to hold both compressed liquids and dense supercritical fluids.

Thromboplastin Related Differences in the Determination of International Normalised Ratio: A Cause for Concern?

1994 ◽  
Vol 72 (03) ◽  
pp. 426-429 ◽  
Author(s):  
S Kitchen ◽  
I D Walker ◽  
T A L Woods ◽  
F E Preston
Keyword(s):  
Patient Management ◽  
External Quality Assessment ◽  
Oral Anticoagulant Therapy ◽  
Warfarin Dosage ◽  
External Quality ◽  
External Quality Assessment Scheme ◽  
International Normalised Ratio ◽  
The Uk ◽  
The Relationship

SummaryWhen the International Normalised Ratio (INR) is used for control of oral anticoagulant therapy the same result should be obtained irrespective of the laboratory reagent used. However, in the UK National External Quality Assessment Scheme (NEQAS) for Blood Coagulation INRs determined using different reagents have been significantly different.For 18 NEQAS samples Manchester Reagent (MR) was associated with significantly lower INRs than those obtained using Diagen Activated (DA, p = 0.0004) or Instrumentation Laboratory PT-Fib HS (IL, p = 0.0001). Mean INRs for this group were 3.15, 3.61, and 3.65 for MR, DA, and IL respectively. For 61 fresh samples from warfarin-ised patients with INRs of greater than 3.0 the relationship between thromboplastins in respect of INR was similar to that observed for NEQAS data. Thus INRs obtained with MR were significantly lower than with DA or IL (p <0.0001). Mean INRs for this group were 4.01, 4.40, and 4.59 for MR, DA, and IL respectively.We conclude that the differences between INRs measured with the thromboplastins studied here are sufficiently great to influence patient management through warfarin dosage schedules, particularly in the upper therapeutic range of INR. There is clearly a need to address the issues responsible for the observed discrepancies.

Modern determinants of endometrium hyperplastic processes pathogenesis

2016 ◽  
pp. 137-142
Author(s):  
V.O. Benyuk ◽  
◽  
V.M. Goncharenko ◽  
T.R. Nykoniuk ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Conservative Therapy ◽  
Solid Phase ◽  
Research Direction ◽  
Immunohistochemical Method ◽  
Results Of Treatment ◽  
Treatment And Prevention ◽  
Receptor Phenotype ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Endometrial Proliferation

The objective: to еxplore the relationship between the activity of endometrial proliferation and the state of the local immune response in the uterus in the conditions berprestasi process. Patients and methods. Examined 228 women of reproductive and perimenopausal age with endometrial pathology using ultrasound and then performing hysteroresectoscopy. Determination of the concentrations of the cytokines IL-1, IL-2, IL-6 and TNF was performed by solid phase ELISA. Results. Found a trend that confirms the loss of sensitivity to hormones at the stage of malignancy of the endometrium and can be used as diagnostic determinants in determining the nature of intrauterine pathology and criterion of the effectiveness of conservative therapy. Conclusion. Improving etiopatogenetice approach to the therapy of hyperplastic proce.sses of endometrium with determination of receptor phenotype of the endometrium is a research direction in modern gynecology, which will help to improve the results of treatment and prevention of intrauterine pathology. Key words: endometrial hyperplasia,the receptors for progesterone and estrogen, immunohistochemical method.

Calculating the aerodynamics of vertical axis wind turbines

2012 ◽  
Vol 34 (3) ◽  
pp. 169-184 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hoang Thi Bich Ngoc
Keyword(s):  
Wind Turbine ◽  
Incidence Angle ◽  
Vertical Axis ◽  
Rotor Blades ◽  
Vertical Axis Wind Turbine ◽  
Horizontal Axis Wind Turbine ◽  
Velocity Triangle ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

Vertical axis wind turbine technology has been applied last years, very long after horizontal axis wind turbine technology. Aerodynamic problems of vertical axis wind machines are discussible. An important problem is the determination of the incidence law in the interaction between wind and rotor blades. The focus of the work is to establish equations of the incidence depending on the blade azimuth, and to solve them. From these results, aerodynamic torques and power can be calculated. The incidence angle is a parameter of velocity triangle, and both the factors depend not only on the blade azimuth but also on the ratio of rotational speed and horizontal speed. The built computational program allows theoretically selecting the relationship of geometric parameters of wind turbine in accordance with requirements on power, wind speed and installation conditions.

Tire Treadwear — A Comprehensive Evaluation of the Factors: Generic Type, Aspect Ratio, Tread Pattern, and Tread Composition Part I: Introduction and Details on the Organization of the Program

1986 ◽  
Vol 14 (4) ◽  
pp. 201-218 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. G. Veith
Keyword(s):  
Aspect Ratio ◽  
Comprehensive Evaluation ◽  
Test Method ◽  
Interactive Effects ◽  
Data Analyses ◽  
Main Effect ◽  
Systematic Determination ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract This four-part series of papers addresses the problem of systematic determination of the influence of several tire factors on tire treadwear. Both the main effect of each factor and some of their interactive effects are included. The program was also structured to evaluate the influence of some external-to-tire conditions on the relationship of tire factors to treadwear. Part I describes the experimental design used to evaluate the effects on treadwear of generic tire type, aspect ratio, tread pattern (groove or void level), type of pattern (straight rib or block), and tread compound. Construction procedures and precautions used to obtain a valid and functional test method are included. Two guiding principles to be used in the data analyses of Parts II and III are discussed. These are the fractional groove and void concept, to characterize tread pattern geometry, and a demonstration of the equivalence of wear rate for identical compounds on whole tread or multi-section tread tires.

The Awareness Level of the Safety and Health of the Operational Level

2017 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 42
Author(s):  
Roshanira Che Mohd Noor ◽  
Nur Atiqah Rochin Demong
Keyword(s):  
Health And Safety ◽  
Health Conditions ◽  
Effective Strategies ◽  
Operational Level ◽  
Safety And Health ◽  
Health Factors ◽  
The Cost ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Awareness Level

Providing a safe and healthy workplace is one of the most effective strategies in for holding down the cost of doing construction business. It was a part of the overall management system to facilitate themanagement of the occupational health and safety risk that are associated with the business of the organization. Factors affected the awareness level inclusive of safety and health conditions, dangerous working area, long wait care and services and lack of emergency communication werethe contributed factors to the awareness level for the operational level. Total of 122 incidents happened at Telekom Malaysia Berhad as compared to year 2015 only 86 cases. Thus, the main objective of this study was to determine the relationship between safety and health factors and the awareness level among operational workers.The determination of this research was to increase the awareness level among the operational level workerswho committing to safety and health environment.

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