scholarly journals Gait Stability Measurement by Using Average Entropy

Entropy ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 23 (4) ◽  
pp. 412
Author(s):  
Han-Ping Huang ◽  
Chang Francis Hsu ◽  
Yi-Chih Mao ◽  
Long Hsu ◽  
Sien Chi
Keyword(s):  
Postural Stability ◽  
Multiscale Entropy ◽  
Gait Stability ◽  
Eyes Closed ◽  
Stride Interval ◽  
Step Interval ◽  
Stability Measurement ◽  
Eyes Open ◽  
Two Measures ◽  
Better Than

Gait stability has been measured by using many entropy-based methods. However, the relation between the entropy values and gait stability is worth further investigation. A research reported that average entropy (AE), a measure of disorder, could measure the static standing postural stability better than multiscale entropy and entropy of entropy (EoE), two measures of complexity. This study tested the validity of AE in gait stability measurement from the viewpoint of the disorder. For comparison, another five disorders, the EoE, and two traditional metrics methods were, respectively, used to measure the degrees of disorder and complexity of 10 step interval (SPI) and 79 stride interval (SI) time series, individually. As a result, every one of the 10 participants exhibited a relatively high AE value of the SPI when walking with eyes closed and a relatively low AE value when walking with eyes open. Most of the AE values of the SI of the 53 diseased subjects were greater than those of the 26 healthy subjects. A maximal overall accuracy of AE in differentiating the healthy from the diseased was 91.1%. Similar features also exists on those 5 disorder measurements but do not exist on the EoE values. Nevertheless, the EoE versus AE plot of the SI also exhibits an inverted U relation, consistent with the hypothesis for physiologic signals.

scholarly journals Prevalence of floating toe and its relationship with static postural stability in children: The Yamanashi adjunct study of the Japan Environment and Children’s Study (JECS-Y)

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Taro Fujimaki ◽  
Masanori Wako ◽  
Kensuke Koyama ◽  
Naoto Furuya ◽  
Ryoji Shinohara ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Postural Stability ◽  
Center Of Pressure ◽  
The Body ◽  
Ground Contact ◽  
Foot Pressure ◽  
Eyes Closed ◽  
Stability Measurement ◽  
Eyes Open ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Very High

AbstractFloating toe (FT) is a frequently seen condition in which a toe is inadequately in contact with the ground. Although toes play an important role in stabilizing standing posture and walking, many aspects of the effects of FT on the body remain unclear. To our knowledge, there have been no reports about the relationship between FT and postural stability, especially in children. This study aimed to clarify the prevalence of FT and its relationship with static postural stability in children. Of the 400 children aged 8 years who participated in our cohort study, 396, who were examined for static postural stability, were included in this study. Postural stability and FT were assessed using a foot pressure plate. The sway path length of the center of pressure and the area of the ellipse defined as the size of the area marked by the center of pressure were measured as an evaluation of static postural stability. We calculated the “floating toe score (FT score: small FT score indicates insufficient ground contact of the toes)” using the image of the plantar footprint obtained at the postural stability measurement. The FT rate was very high at more than 90%, and the FT score in the eyes-closed condition was significantly higher than that in the eyes-open condition in both sexes. The FT score significantly correlated with the center of pressure path and area. Our results suggest that ground contact of the toes is not directly related to static postural stability in children, but it may function to stabilize the body when the condition becomes unstable, such as when the eyes are closed.

scholarly journals Prevalence of floating toe and its relationship with static postural stability in children: The Yamanashi adjunct study of the Japan Environment and Children’s Study (JECS-Y)

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. e0246010
Author(s):  
Taro Fujimaki ◽  
Masanori Wako ◽  
Kensuke Koyama ◽  
Naoto Furuya ◽  
Ryoji Shinohara ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Postural Stability ◽  
Center Of Pressure ◽  
The Body ◽  
Ground Contact ◽  
Standing Posture ◽  
Foot Pressure ◽  
Eyes Closed ◽  
Stability Measurement ◽  
Eyes Open ◽  
The Relationship

Floating toe (FT) is a frequently seen condition in which a toe is inadequately in contact with the ground. Although toes play an important role in stabilizing standing posture and walking, many aspects of the effects of FT on the body remain unclear. To our knowledge, there have been no reports about the relationship between FT and postural stability, especially in children. This study aimed to clarify the prevalence of FT and its relationship with static postural stability in children. Of the 400 children aged 8 years who participated in our cohort study, 396, who were examined for static postural stability, were included in this study. Postural stability and FT were assessed using a foot pressure plate. The sway path length of the center of pressure and the area of the ellipse defined as the size of the area marked by the center of pressure, were measured as an evaluation of static postural stability. We calculated the “floating toe score (FT score: small FT score indicates insufficient ground contact of the toes)” using the image of the plantar footprint obtained at the postural stability measurement. The rate of FT was elevated at more than 90%, and the FT score in the eyes-closed condition was significantly higher than that in the eyes-open condition in both sexes. The FT score significantly correlated with the center of pressure path and area. Our results suggest that ground contact of the toes is not directly related to static postural stability in children, but it may function to stabilize the body when the condition becomes unstable, such as when the eyes are closed.

Does Dual Motor Tasks Provokes Posture Adaptations in Healthy Young Adults? A Cross-sectional Study

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carley Bowman ◽  
Aleena Jose ◽  
Martin G Rosario
Keyword(s):  
Young Adults ◽  
Postural Stability ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
P Value ◽  
Motor Tasks ◽  
Anova Analysis ◽  
Dual Tasks ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Eyes Closed ◽  
Eyes Open

Introduction: Most studies on postural deviations during single and dual tasks have been extensively studied in neuromuscular and older adult populations. Nevertheless, further research is warranted to identify whether such tasks can impose postural adaptations in young, healthy adults without sensory impairments. Aim: To assess postural stability modifications in young adults during single tasks and dual motor tasks (holding a cup filled with water) while concomitantly challenging the sensory systems. Materials and Methods: This was the cross-sectional study on 82 young adults (18-45 years old) from Texas Woman’s University (TWU) Health Science Center in Dallas, Texas, and surrounding areas. Standing postural control was measured by collecting total sway, direction of sway and velocity in the Anterior-Posterior (AP) and Medial-Lateral (ML) directions during different balance tasks. For single and dual tasks, the tests were performed with a bipedal stance on foam involving challenging the sensory input via Eyes Open (EO), Eyes Closed (EC), and head movements with eyes open (EO HUD) and closed (EC HUD). The dual motor tasks were similar to the single tasks with the addition of holding a cup full of water to split attention. Data were placed into the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) Data Analysis 25.0 system and were analysed for repeated measures Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) analysis. Results: Eighty-two healthy young adults participated in this study (mean age of 24.6±2.7 years, 13 males and 69 females). An ANOVA analysis revealed that postural stability was considerably altered during motor tasks. Sway in the Antero-Posterior (AP) direction, and velocity of sway increased as the complexity of the tasks intensified. A substantial difference in total sway during single tasks when eyes were closed compared to eyes open (p-value <0.01) was noted. There was a significant difference in total sway (AP and ML) during eyes open (EOM) to eyes closed (ECM) and during eyes open with head moving up and down (EOM HUD) (p-value 0.001). There were significant differences in mean AP velocity during EO (0.11±0.12) compared to EC HUD (0.19±0.15), and when comparing EOM (0.07±0.04) to ECM HUD (0.13±0.08) (p=0.01) Conclusion: This study identified postural changes when comparing single and dual tasks in healthy young adults, and the outcomes of this study showed definite distinctions in postural responses during single and dual motor tasks.

scholarly journals Postural Stability in Athletes: The Role of Age, Sex, Performance Level, and Athlete Shoe Features

Sports ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (6) ◽  
pp. 89
Author(s):  
Albina Andreeva ◽  
Andrey Melnikov ◽  
Dmitry Skvortsov ◽  
Kadriya Akhmerova ◽  
Alexander Vavaev ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Postural Stability ◽  
Female Athletes ◽  
Center Of Pressure ◽  
Performance Level ◽  
Eyes Closed ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Eyes Open ◽  
Athletic Shoes ◽  
Posture Stability

The effects of different factors—such as age, sex, performance level, and athletic shoe features—on postural balance in athletes remain unclear. The main objective of our study is to identify the features of postural stability in athletes of different age, sex, performance level, and using different types of athletic shoes. This study assessed postural stability in athletes (n = 936, 6–47 years) in a normal bipedal stance with eyes open (EO) and eyes closed (EC). Postural stability was evaluated based on the center of pressure (COP), sway area (AS), and velocity (VCP) while standing on a stabiloplatform. Children (6–12 years) and teen athletes (13–17 years) showed reduced AS-EO (p < 0.01) and VCP-EO (p < 0.01) compared to control (n = 225, 7–30 years). In male and female athletes aged 18+, only VCP-EC was lower versus control. In females (13–17 and 18+), VCP-EO and EC were lower than in males (p < 0.05). Only in the Shooting group, the athletes’ performance levels had an effect on VCP-EO (p = 0.020). Long use of rigid athletic shoes with stiff ankle support was associated with reduced posture stability. Postural stability in athletes was mostly influenced by the athlete‘s age, and, to a lesser extent, by their sex, performance level, and athlete shoe features.

Can Taekwondo Footwear Affect Postural Stability in Young Adults?

2013 ◽  
Vol 103 (4) ◽  
pp. 291-296 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shirley S. M. Fong ◽  
Shamay S. M. Ng
Keyword(s):  
Young Adults ◽  
Postural Stability ◽  
Control Strategies ◽  
Balance Performance ◽  
Eyes Closed ◽  
Sensory Organization ◽  
Two Factors ◽  
Eyes Open ◽  
Strategy Score ◽  
Visual Conditions

Background: This study aims to investigate the effect of taekwondo footwear on unilateral stance stability and use of postural control strategies and to determine whether taekwondo footwear influences the somatosensory inputs for postural stability and postural strategies in young adults. Methods: A quasi-randomized crossover trial was conducted on 33 healthy young adults at a university research laboratory. Independent variables, including shoe conditions (shoes on and shoes off) and visual conditions (eyes open and eyes closed), were taken into account. The center of gravity (COG) sway velocity in unilateral stance and the strategy scores in the sensory organization test were measured. No intervention was given to the participants. Results: There was no significant interaction between the two factors (the shoe and visual conditions) for COG sway velocities (P = .447) and strategy scores (P = .320). The shoe condition was not significant in either COG sway velocity (P = .484) or strategy score (P = .126). The visual condition was significant for COG sway velocity (P &lt; .001) but not for strategy score (P = .573). The mean ± SD COG sway velocity with eyes open was 0.7° ± 0.2°/sec and with eyes closed was 1.7° ± 0.6°/sec (P &lt; .001). Conclusions: Taekwondo footwear is unlikely to affect somatosensory inputs and balance performance in young adults. (J Am Podiatr Med Assoc 103(4): 291–296, 2013)

scholarly journals Hypoarousal non-stationary ADHD biomarker based on echo-state networks

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Ibanez-Soria ◽  
A. Soria-Frisch ◽  
J. Garcia-Ojalvo ◽  
Jacobo Picardo ◽  
Gloria García-Banda ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Neurodevelopmental Disorder ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Theta Band ◽  
Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
Eyes Closed ◽  
Echo State Networks ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
Eyes Open ◽  
Very High ◽  
Better Than

ABSTRACTAttention-Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by inattention, hyperactivity and impulsivity. It is one of the most commonly diagnosed neurodevelopmental and psychiatric disorders of childhood and therefore presents a very high prevalence rate. However the high rate of ADHD misdiagnosis makes the discovery of neurophysiological ADHD biomarkers an important clinical challenge. This study proposes a novel non-stationary ADHD biomarker based on Echo State Networks to quantify EEG dynamical changes between low attention/arousal states (resting with eyes closed, or EC) and normal attention/arousal states (resting with eyes open, or EO). Traditionally, EEG biomarkers have revealed an increase in stationary power in the theta band along with a decrease in beta, with these frequencies largely accepted to be altered in the ADHD population. We successfully verify the hypothesis that measured differences between these two conditions are altered in the ADHD population. Statistically significant differences between a group of ADHD subjects and an aged-matched control population were obtained in theta and beta rhythms. Our network discriminates between EO/EC EEG regimes in the ADHDs better than in controls, suggesting that differences in EEG patterns between low and normal arousal/attention states are larger in the ADHD population.

scholarly journals The differences in postural stability between cross-country and Alpine skiers with intellectual disabilities

2020 ◽  
Vol 22 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Marta Gimunová ◽  
Alena Skotáková ◽  
Vojtěch Grün ◽  
Kateřina Jenčíková_ ◽  
Leoš Daněk ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Statistical Analysis ◽  
Everyday Life ◽  
Postural Stability ◽  
Sports Training ◽  
Eyes Closed ◽  
Eyes Open ◽  
Cross Country ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Alpine Skiers ◽  
One Way Anova

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to analyse differences in postural stability between athletes with ID competing in Alpine and Cross country (XC) skiing to assess the effect of special sports training on postural stability in persons with ID. Methods: Athletes with ID were divided into four groups by their discipline: Alpine skiers (n = 9), XC skiers 2.5 to 10 km (n = 10), XC skiers 500 to 1000 m (n = 18) and XC skiers 50 and 100 m (n = 10). All participants were asked to stand barefooted on the Zebris FDM platform (Medical GmbH, Germany) with their eyes open and closed. To compare differences between groups one-way ANOVA with Tukey HSD test was used. To compare the difference between the eyes open and closed, t-test was used. Results: Statistical analysis showed no significant differences between Alpine and XC skiers in analysed variables. The analysis of COP velocity showed superior postural stability in XC skiers 2.5 to 10 km compared to XC skiers 500 and 1000 m. In XC skiers 500 and 1000 m, XC skiers 2.5 to 10 km and Alpine skiers a significant increase in COP velocity was observed when having the eyes closed. In XC skiers 50 and 100 m, no statistically significant differences between the eyes open and closed conditions were observed. Conclusions: Despite different sports training, no difference between Alpine and XC skiers in postural stability was observed. When comparing XC skiers, better postural stability was observed in skiers running longer distances, suggesting that this sports training enhances balance skills needed in everyday life.

scholarly journals Postural Stability and Responses to Vibrations in Patients After Anterior Cruciate Ligament Surgical Reconstruction

2016 ◽  
pp. S409-S416 ◽  
Author(s):  
Z. HIRJAKOVÁ ◽  
H. ŠINGLIAROVÁ ◽  
D. BZDÚŠKOVÁ ◽  
J. KIMIJANOVÁ ◽  
K. BUČKOVÁ ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Anterior Cruciate Ligament ◽  
Postural Stability ◽  
Cruciate Ligament ◽  
Quadriceps Femoris ◽  
Triceps Surae ◽  
Surgical Reconstruction ◽  
Eyes Closed ◽  
Postural Changes ◽  
Eyes Open ◽  
Anterior Cruciate

The aim of the study was to evaluate the effect of surgical reconstruction of anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) on postural stability and responses to lower limb (LL) muscles vibrations. Centre of pressure (CoP) was measured in 17 subjects during stance on firm/foam surface with eyes open/closed and during unilateral vibrations of LL muscles (m. triceps surae – TS, m. quadriceps femoris – Q, m. quadriceps femoris and hamstrings simultaneously – QH). The measurements were performed: 1) preoperatively, 2) six weeks and 3) three months after the reconstruction. Decreased postural stability was documented six weeks after the reconstruction compared to preoperative measurement. Three months after the reconstruction significant improvement was observed during stance on foam surface with eyes closed. Preoperatively, altered reactions of LL with ACL lesion compared to intact LL were manifested by slower response in first 3 s of TS vibration and by increased CoP shift in last 5 s of QH vibration. After the reconstruction, we observed slower CoP reaction and decreased CoP shift during TS vibration of LL with ACL lesion compared to preoperative level. Posturography during quiet stance and during TS vibration reliably detect postural changes due to ACL reconstruction and can be potentially useful in clinical practice.

scholarly journals Effects of Interrupting Sitting with Use of a Treadmill Desk Versus Prolonged Sitting on Postural Stability

2019 ◽  
Vol 40 (13) ◽  
pp. 871-875
Author(s):  
Laura H. Charalambous ◽  
Rachael B. Champion ◽  
Lindsey R. Smith ◽  
Andrew C. S. Mitchell ◽  
Daniel P. Bailey
Keyword(s):  
Light Intensity ◽  
Postural Stability ◽  
Center Of Pressure ◽  
Communicable Disease ◽  
Pressure Amplitude ◽  
Prolonged Sitting ◽  
Eyes Closed ◽  
Unipedal Standing ◽  
Eyes Open ◽  
Post Condition

AbstractHigh amounts of sitting increase the risk of non-communicable disease and mortality. Treadmill desks make it possible to reduce sitting during the desk-based workerʼs day. This study investigated the acute effect on postural stability of interrupting prolonged sitting with an accumulated 2-h of light-intensity treadmill desk walking. Twenty-one sedentary adults participated in this randomized acute crossover trial, with two 6.5 h conditions: 1) uninterrupted sitting and 2) interrupted sitting with accumulated 2 h light-intensity treadmill desk walking. Pre- and post-condition, participants performed four postural stability tests on a pressure plate (bipedal and unipedal standing stance, eyes open and eyes closed). Anteroposterior center of pressure amplitude showed a significant condition x time interaction in bipedal eyes closed (F(1,20)=4.62, p=0.046) and unipedal eyes open (F(1,20)=9.42, p=0.006) tests, and mediolateral center of pressure amplitude in bipedal eyes closed (F(1,20)=6.12, p=0.023) and bipedal eyes open (F(1,12)=5.55, p=0.029) tests. In the significant interactions, amplitude increased pre to post condition in the uninterrupted sitting condition. The accumulated 2 h light-intensity treadmill desk walking ameliorated the negative effect of 6.5 h prolonged sitting on postural sway, supporting workplace treadmill desk use.

Static Postural Stability in Chronic Ankle Instability, an Ankle Sprain and Healthy Ankles

2018 ◽  
Vol 39 (08) ◽  
pp. 625-629 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yong Kwon
Keyword(s):  
Postural Stability ◽  
Ankle Instability ◽  
Mean Amplitude ◽  
Chronic Ankle Instability ◽  
Medial Gastrocnemius ◽  
Muscle Type ◽  
Eyes Closed ◽  
Ankle Muscles ◽  
Eyes Open ◽  
Balance Error

AbstractTo identify the single leg balance (SLB) test that discriminates among healthy, coper, and chronic ankle instability (CAI) groups and to determine effects of ankle muscles on the balance error scoring system (BESS) among the three populations. 60 subjects (20 per group) performed the SLB test with eyes open (EO) and eyes closed (EC). Normalized mean amplitude (NMA) of the tibia anterior (TA), fibularis longus (FL), and medial gastrocnemius (MG) muscles and BESS were measured while performing the SLB test. The coper group had a lower error score than the CAI group in the EC. NMA was greater in the CAI group compared to in the healthy and coper groups regardless of muscle type. NMA of the TA was less than the PL and MG regardless of the group in the EO. The CAI group demonstrated greater NMAs of the PL and MG than the healthy and coper groups in the EC. The CAI group demonstrated greater NMA of the PL and MG by compensating their ankle muscles in the EO and EC. BESS suggests that the coper group may have coping mechanisms to stabilize static postural control compared to the CAI group. The EC may be better to detect static postural instability in the CAI or coper group.

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