Study of Black Carbon (BC) Mass Concentration Variation at a Coastal Region (Surat)

Black Carbon (BC) aerosols mass concentration was studied at Surat, Gujarat (India), a coastal region near the Tapi River at the Gulf of Khambhat. Using satellite data for solar extinction due to Black Carbon (BC) mass concentration, data were collected from the Giovanni platform developed by NASA. Results of the data for the 5-year period (January to December 2001–2005) are discussed here. Annual and Seasonal variations of Black Carbon (BC) in relation to changes in the regional meteorological conditions are discussed here. The data collected during January to December 2001–2005 indicated the annual average BC concentration. The mean annual variations of BC aerosols mass concentration saw its maximum in the month of December while minimum was seen in the month of July. The seasonal mean BC mass concentration observed to be at its lowest in monsoon season while its highest was in winter at the study region. Variation of the BC trend observed was higher in the month December and lower in the month of July which is mostly related to the changes in the local boundary layer.

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Preliminary estimation of black carbon deposition from Nepal Climate Observatory-Pyramid data and its possible impact on snow albedo changes over Himalayan glaciers during the pre-monsoon season

Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics Discussions ◽

10.5194/acpd-10-9291-2010 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 10 (4) ◽

pp. 9291-9328 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

T. J. Yasunari ◽

P. Bonasoni ◽

P. Laj ◽

K. Fujita ◽

E. Vuillermoz ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Lower Bound ◽

Size Distribution ◽

Black Carbon ◽

Dry Deposition ◽

Monsoon Season ◽

Deposition Velocity ◽

Himalayan Region ◽

Snow Surface ◽

Concentration Data ◽

Snow Albedo

Abstract. The possible minimal range of reduction in snow surface albedo due to dry deposition of black carbon (BC) in the pre-monsoon period (March–May) was estimated as a lower bound together with the estimation of its accuracy, based on atmospheric observations at the Nepal Climate Observatory-Pyramid (NCO-P) sited at 5079 m a.s.l. in the Himalayan region. We estimated a total BC deposition rate of 2.89 μg m−2 day−1 providing a total deposition of 266 μg m−2 for March–May at the site, based on a calculation with a minimal deposition velocity of 1.0×10−4 m s−1 with atmospheric data of equivalent BC concentration. Main BC size at NCO-P site was determined as 103.1–669.8 nm by correlation analysis between equivalent BC concentration and particulate size distribution in the atmosphere. We also estimated BC deposition from the size distribution data and found that 8.7% of the estimated dry deposition corresponds to the estimated BC deposition from equivalent BC concentration data. If all the BC is deposited uniformly on the top 2-cm pure snow, the corresponding BC concentration is 26.0–68.2 μg kg−1 assuming snow density variations of 195–512 kg m−3 of Yala Glacier close to NCO-P site. Such a concentration of BC in snow could result in 2.0–5.2% albedo reductions. From a simple numerical calculations and if assuming these albedo reductions continue throughout the year, this would lead to a runoff increases of 70–204 mm of water drainage equivalent of 11.6–33.9% of the annual discharge of a typical Tibetan glacier. Our estimates of BC concentration in snow surface for pre-monsoon season can be considered comparable to those at similar altitude in the Himalayan region, where glaciers and perpetual snow region starts in the vicinity of NCO-P. Our estimates from only BC are likely to represent a lower bound for snow albedo reductions, since a fixed slower deposition velocity was used and atmospheric wind and turbulence effects, snow aging, dust deposition, and snow albedo feedbacks were not considered. This study represents the first investigation about BC deposition on snow from atmospheric aerosol data in Himalayas and related albedo effect is especially the first track at the southern slope of Himalayas.

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Spatial, temporal and source contribution assessments of BC over the northern interior of South Africa

10.5194/acp-2016-934 ◽

2016 ◽

Author(s):

Kgaugelo Euphinia Chiloane ◽

Johan Paul Beukes ◽

Pieter Gideon van Zyl ◽

Petra Maritz ◽

Ville Vakkari ◽

...

Keyword(s):

South Africa ◽

Black Carbon ◽

Southern Africa ◽

Mass Concentration ◽

Source Region ◽

Measurement Data ◽

Concentration Data ◽

Power Stations ◽

Concentration Levels ◽

Mass Concentrations

Abstract. After carbon dioxide (CO2), aerosol black carbon (BC) is considered to be the second most important contributor to global warming. Africa is one of the least studied continents, although it is regarded as the largest source region of atmospheric BC. Southern Africa is an important sub-source region, with savannah and grassland fires likely to contribute to elevated BC mass concentration levels. South Africa is the economic and industrial hub of southern Africa. To date, little BC mass concentration data have been presented for South Africa in the peer-reviewed public domain. This paper presents equivalent black carbon (eBC) (derived from an optical absorption method) data collected from three sites, where continuous measurements have been conducted, i.e. Elandsfontein (EL), Welgegund (WG) and Marikana (MA), as well elemental carbon (EC) (determined by evolved carbon method) at five sites where samples were collected once a month on a filter and analysed off-line, i.e. Louis Trichardt (LT), Skukuza (SK), Vaal Triangle (VT), Amersfoort (AM) and Botsalano (BS). All these sites are located in the interior of South Africa. Analyses of eBC and EC spatial mass concentration patterns across the eight sites indicate that the mass concentrations in the South African interior are in general higher than what has been reported for the developed world and that different sources are likely to influence different sites. The mean eBC or EC mass concentrations for the background sites (WG, LT, SK, BS) and sites influenced by industrial activities and/or nearby settlements (EL, MA, VT and AM) ranged between 0.7 and 1.1, and 1.3 and 1.4 µg/m3, respectively. Similar seasonal patterns were observed at all three sites where continuous measurement data were collected (EL, MA and WG), with the highest eBC mass concentrations measured during June to October, indicating contributions from household combustion in the cold winter months (June–August), as well as savannah and grassland fires during the dry season (May to mid-October). Diurnal patterns of eBC at EL, MA and WG indicated maximum concentrations in the early mornings and late evenings, and minima during daytime. From the patterns it could be deduced that for MA and WG, household combustion and savannah, and grassland fires were the most significant sources, respectively. Possible contributing sources were explored in greater detail for EL, with five main sources being identified as coal-fired power stations, pyrometallurgical smelters, traffic, household combustion, as well as savannah and grassland fires. Industries on the Mpumalanga Highveld are often blamed for all forms of pollution, due to the NO2 hotspot over this area that is attributed to NOx emissions from industries and vehicle emissions from the Johannesburg-Pretoria megacity. However, a comparison of source strengths indicated that household combustion, and savannah and grassland fires were the most significant sources of eBC, particularly during winter and spring months, while coal-fired power stations, pyro-metallurgical smelters and traffic contribute to eBC mass concentration levels year round.

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Vertical and horizontal distribution of sub-micron aerosol chemical composition and physical characteristics across Northern India, during the pre-monsoon and monsoon seasons

Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics Discussions ◽

10.5194/acp-2018-1109 ◽

2018 ◽

pp. 1-31

Author(s):

James Brooks ◽

James D. Allan ◽

Paul I. Williams ◽

Dantong Liu ◽

Cathryn Fox ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Black Carbon ◽

Total Mass ◽

Mass Concentration ◽

Monsoon Season ◽

Aerosol Layer ◽

Gangetic Plain ◽

Submicron Aerosol ◽

Aerosol Mass ◽

Indo Gangetic Plain ◽

Mass Concentrations

Abstract. The vertical distribution in the physical and chemical properties of submicron aerosol has been characterised across northern India for the first time using airborne in-situ measurements. This study focusses primarily on the Indo-Gangetic Plain, a low-lying area in the north of India which commonly experiences high aerosol mass concentrations prior to the monsoon season. Data presented are from the UK Facility for Airborne Atmospheric Measurements BAe-146 research aircraft that performed flights in the region during the 2016 pre-monsoon (11th and 12th June) and monsoon (30th June to 11th July) seasons. Inside the Indo-Gangetic Plain boundary layer, organic matter dominated the submicron aerosol mass (43&thinsp;%) followed by sulphate (29&thinsp;%), ammonium (14&thinsp;%), nitrate (7&thinsp;%) and black carbon (7&thinsp;%). However, outside the Indo-Gangetic Plain, sulphate was the dominant species contributing 44&thinsp;% to the total submicron aerosol mass in the boundary layer, followed by organic matter (30&thinsp;%), ammonium (14&thinsp;%), nitrate (6&thinsp;%) and black carbon (6&thinsp;%). Chlorine mass concentrations were negligible throughout the campaign. Black carbon mass concentrations were higher inside the Indo-Gangetic Plain (2&thinsp;µg/m3 std) compared to outside (1&thinsp;µg/m3 std). Nitrate appeared to be controlled by thermodynamic processes, with increased mass concentration in conditions of lower temperature and higher relative humidity. Increased mass and number concentrations were observed inside the Indo-Gangetic Plain and the aerosol was more absorbing in this region, whereas outside the Indo-Gangetic Plain the aerosol was larger in size and more scattering in nature, suggesting greater dust presence especially in northwest India. The aerosol composition remained largely similar as the monsoon season progressed, but the total aerosol mass concentrations decreased by ~&thinsp;50&thinsp;% as the rainfall arrived; the pre-monsoon average total mass concentration was 30&thinsp;µg/m3 std compared to a monsoon average total mass concentration of 10&ndash;20&thinsp;µg/m3 std. However, this mass concentration decrease was less noteworthy (~&thinsp;20&ndash;30&thinsp;%) over the Indo-Gangetic Plain, likely due to the strength of emission sources in this region. Decreases occurred in coarse mode aerosol, with the fine mode fraction increasing with monsoon arrival. In the aerosol vertical profile, inside the Indo-Gangetic Plain during the pre-monsoon, organic aerosol and absorbing aerosol species dominated in the lower atmosphere (<&thinsp;1.5&thinsp;km) with sulphate, dust and other scattering aerosol species enhanced in an elevated aerosol layer above 1.5&thinsp;km with maximum aerosol height ~&thinsp;6&thinsp;km. As the monsoon progressed into this region, the elevated aerosol layer diminished, the aerosol maximum height reduced to ~&thinsp;2&thinsp;km and the total mass concentrations decreased by ~&thinsp;50&thinsp;%. The dust and sulphate-dominated aerosol layer aloft was removed upon monsoon arrival, highlighted by an increase in fine mode fraction throughout the profile.

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Black carbon concentration in the central Himalayas: impact on glacier melt and potential source contribution

10.5194/egusphere-egu21-8515 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Chaman Gul ◽

Parth Sarathi Mahapatra ◽

Shichang Kang ◽

Praveen Kumar Singh ◽

Xiaokang Wu ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Organic Carbon ◽

Black Carbon ◽

Mass Concentration ◽

Monsoon Season ◽

Anthropogenic Sources ◽

Entire Study ◽

Central Himalayas ◽

Source Contribution ◽

Glacier Melt ◽

Snow Samples

This study discusses year-long (October 2016&#8211;September 2017) observations of atmospheric black carbon (BC) mass concentration, its source and sector contributions using a chemical transport model at a high-altitude (28&#176;12'49.21"N, 85&#176;36'33.77"E, 4900 masl) site located near the Yala Glacier in the central Himalayas, Nepal. During a field campaign, fresh snow samples were collected from the surface of the Yala Glacier in May 2017, which were analysed for BC and water-insoluble organic carbon mass concentration in order to estimate the scavenging ratio and surface albedo reduction. The maximum BC mass concentration in the ambient atmosphere (0.73 &#956;g m-3) was recorded in the pre-monsoon season. The BC and water-insoluble organic carbon analysed from the snow samples were in the range of 96&#8211;542 ng g-1 and 152&#8211;827 ng g-1, respectively. The source apportionment study using the absorption &#197;ngstr&#246;m exponent from in situ observations indicated approximately 44% contribution of BC from biomass-burning sources and the remainder from fossil-fuel sources during the entire study period. The source contribution study, using model data sets, indicated ~14% contribution of BC from open-burning and ~77% from anthropogenic sources during the study period. Our analysis of regional contributions of BC indicated that the highest contribution was from both Nepal and India combined, followed by China, while the rest was distributed among the nearby countries. The surface snow albedo reduction, estimated by an online model &#8211; Snow, Ice, and Aerosol Radiation &#8211; was in the range of 0.8&#8211;3.8% during the pre-monsoon season. The glacier melt analysis suggested that BC contributed to approximately 28% of the total melting in the pre-monsoon season.&#160;

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Seasonal contrast in size distributions and mixing state of black carbon and its association with PM1.0 chemical composition from the eastern coast of India

Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics ◽

10.5194/acp-20-3965-2020 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 20 (6) ◽

pp. 3965-3985 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Sobhan Kumar Kompalli ◽

Surendran Nair Suresh Babu ◽

Sreedharan Krishnakumari Satheesh ◽

Krishnaswamy Krishna Moorthy ◽

Trupti Das ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Chemical Composition ◽

Black Carbon ◽

Mass Concentration ◽

Monsoon Season ◽

Regional Climate ◽

Eastern Coast ◽

Size Distributions ◽

Mixing State ◽

Air Masses ◽

Microphysical Properties

Abstract. Over the Indian region, aerosol absorption is considered to have a potential impact on the regional climate, monsoon and hydrological cycle. Black carbon (BC) is the dominant absorbing aerosol, whose absorption potential is determined mainly by its microphysical properties, including its concentration, size and mixing state with other aerosol components. The Indo-Gangetic Plain (IGP) is one of the regional aerosol hot spots with diverse sources, both natural and anthropogenic, but still the information on the mixing state of the IGP aerosols, especially BC, is limited and a significant source of uncertainty in understanding their climatic implications. In this context, we present the results from intensive measurements of refractory BC (rBC) carried out over Bhubaneswar, an urban site in the eastern coast of India, which experiences contrasting air masses (the IGP outflow or coastal/marine air masses) in different seasons. This study helps to elucidate the microphysical characteristics of BC over this region and delineates the IGP outflow from the other air masses. The observations were carried out as part of South West Asian Aerosol Monsoon Interactions (SWAAMI) collaborative field experiment during July 2016–May 2017, using a single-particle soot photometer (SP2) that uses a laser-induced incandescence technique to measure the mass and mixing state of individual BC particles and an aerosol chemical speciation monitor (ACSM) to infer the possible coating material. Results highlighted the distinctiveness in aerosol microphysical properties in the IGP air masses. BC mass concentration was highest during winter (December–February) (∼1.94±1.58 µg m−3), when the prevailing air masses were mostly of IGP origin, followed by post-monsoon (October–November) (mean ∼1.34±1.40 µg m−3). The mass median diameter (MMD) of the BC mass size distributions was in the range 0.190–0.195 µm, suggesting mixed sources of BC, and, further, higher values (∼ 1.3–1.8) of bulk relative coating thickness (RCT) (ratio of optical and core diameters) were seen, indicating a significant fraction of highly coated BC aerosols in the IGP outflow. During the pre-monsoon (March–May), when marine/coastal air masses prevailed, BC mass concentration was lowest (∼0.82±0.84 µg m−3), and larger BC cores (MMD > 0.210 µm) were seen, suggesting distinct source processes, while RCT was ∼ 1.2–1.3, which may translate into higher extent of absolute coating on BC cores, which may have crucial regional climate implications. During the summer monsoon (July–September), BC size distributions were dominated by smaller cores (MMD ≤ 0.185 µm), with the lowest coating indicating fresher BC, likely from fossil fuel sources. A clear diurnal variation pattern of BC and RCT was noticed in all the seasons, and daytime peak in RCT suggested enhanced coating on BC due to the condensable coating material originating from photochemistry. Examination of submicrometre aerosol chemical composition highlighted that the IGP outflow was dominated by organics (47 %–49 %), and marine/coastal air masses contained higher amounts of sulfate (41 %–47 %), while ammonium and nitrate were seen in minor amounts, with significant concentrations only during the IGP air mass periods. The diurnal pattern of sulfate resembled that of the RCT of rBC particles, whereas organic mass showed a pattern similar to that of the rBC mass concentration. Seasonally, the coating on BC showed a negative association with the mass concentration of sulfate during the pre-monsoon season and with organics during the post-monsoon season. These are the first experimental data on the mixing state of BC from a long time series over the Indian region and include new information on black carbon in the IGP outflow region. These data help in improving the understanding of regional BC microphysical characteristics and their climate implications.

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Vertical and horizontal distribution of submicron aerosol chemical composition and physical characteristics across northern India during pre-monsoon and monsoon seasons

Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics ◽

10.5194/acp-19-5615-2019 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 19 (8) ◽

pp. 5615-5634 ◽

Cited By ~ 19

Author(s):

James Brooks ◽

James D. Allan ◽

Paul I. Williams ◽

Dantong Liu ◽

Cathryn Fox ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Black Carbon ◽

Mass Concentration ◽

Monsoon Season ◽

Western India ◽

Aerosol Layer ◽

Gangetic Plain ◽

Submicron Aerosol ◽

Aerosol Mass ◽

Indo Gangetic Plain ◽

Mass Concentrations

Abstract. The vertical distribution in the physical and chemical properties of submicron aerosol has been characterised across northern India for the first time using airborne in situ measurements. This study focusses primarily on the Indo-Gangetic Plain, a low-lying area in the north of India which commonly experiences high aerosol mass concentrations prior to the monsoon season. Data presented are from the UK Facility for Airborne Atmospheric Measurements BAe-146 research aircraft that performed flights in the region during the 2016 pre-monsoon (11 and 12 June) and monsoon (30 June to 11 July) seasons. Inside the Indo-Gangetic Plain boundary layer, organic matter dominated the submicron aerosol mass (43&thinsp;%) followed by sulfate (29&thinsp;%), ammonium (14&thinsp;%), nitrate (7&thinsp;%) and black carbon (7&thinsp;%). However, outside the Indo-Gangetic Plain, sulfate was the dominant species, contributing 44&thinsp;% to the total submicron aerosol mass in the boundary layer, followed by organic matter (30&thinsp;%), ammonium (14&thinsp;%), nitrate (6&thinsp;%) and black carbon (6&thinsp;%). Chlorine mass concentrations were negligible throughout the campaign. Black carbon mass concentrations were higher inside the Indo-Gangetic Plain (2&thinsp;µg&thinsp;m−3) compared to outside (1&thinsp;µg&thinsp;m−3). Nitrate appeared to be controlled by thermodynamic processes, with increased mass concentration in conditions of lower temperature and higher relative humidity. Increased mass and number concentrations were observed inside the Indo-Gangetic Plain and the aerosol was more absorbing in this region, whereas outside the Indo-Gangetic Plain the aerosol was larger in size and more scattered in nature, suggesting greater dust presence, especially in north-western India. The aerosol composition remained largely similar as the monsoon season progressed, but the total aerosol mass concentrations decreased by ∼50&thinsp;% as the rainfall arrived; the pre-monsoon average total mass concentration was 30&thinsp;µg&thinsp;m−3 compared to a monsoon average total mass concentration of 10–20&thinsp;µg&thinsp;m−3. However, this mass concentration decrease was less noteworthy (∼20&thinsp;%–30&thinsp;%) over the Indo-Gangetic Plain, likely due to the strength of emission sources in this region. Decreases occurred in coarse mode aerosol, with the fine mode fraction increasing with monsoon arrival. In the aerosol vertical profile, inside the Indo-Gangetic Plain during the pre-monsoon, organic aerosol and absorbing aerosol species dominated in the lower atmosphere (&lt;1.5&thinsp;km), with sulfate, dust and other scattering aerosol species enhanced in an elevated aerosol layer above 1.5&thinsp;km with maximum aerosol height ∼6&thinsp;km. The elevated concentration of dust at altitudes &gt;1.5&thinsp;km is a clear indication of dust transport from the Great Indian Desert, also called the Thar Desert, in north-western India. As the monsoon progressed into this region, the elevated aerosol layer diminished, the aerosol maximum height reduced to ∼2&thinsp;km. The dust and sulfate-dominated aerosol layer aloft was removed upon monsoon arrival, highlighted by an increase in fine mode fraction throughout the profile.

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Observational Study on Atmospheric Particles Mass Concentration in Fushun in China

Advanced Materials Research ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.518-523.1580 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 518-523 ◽

pp. 1580-1585

Author(s):

Yang Feng Wang ◽

Yan Jun Ma ◽

Zhong Yan Lu ◽

Ning Wei Liu ◽

Yun Hai Zhang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Wind Speed ◽

Mass Concentration ◽

Fine Particles ◽

Dilution Effect ◽

Quality Standard ◽

Average Concentration ◽

Atmospheric Particles ◽

Concentration Data ◽

Daily Average ◽

The Mean

The variations of the atmospheric particles mass concentration, their pollution condition, and their relationships to visibility and wind speed have been studied by using the continuous concentration data of monitoring instrument GRIMM180 from Fushun air component monitoring station in 2009. The results show that the mean mass concentrations about PM10 and PM2.5 are respectively 0.073 ㎎/m3 and 0.048 ㎎/m3, and their daily average concentration has a large variation range. The ratio above air quality standard about PM10 daily average concentration is 5.9%, and the atmospheric particles exist mainly in the form of fine particles. The atmospheric particles mass concentration and the visibility show negative correlation, and the finer the particles are, the more they affect visibility. In general, the atmospheric particles mass concentration will gradually decrease with the rising of the wind speed. When the wind speed is more than 1.0 m/s, there is an obvious dilution effect on particles mass concentration, and when larger than 4.5 m/s, the relevance is not highly apparent.

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Estimated impact of black carbon deposition during pre-monsoon season from Nepal Climate Observatory – Pyramid data and snow albedo changes over Himalayan glaciers

Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics ◽

10.5194/acp-10-6603-2010 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 10 (14) ◽

pp. 6603-6615 ◽

Cited By ~ 114

Author(s):

T. J. Yasunari ◽

P. Bonasoni ◽

P. Laj ◽

K. Fujita ◽

E. Vuillermoz ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Lower Bound ◽

Black Carbon ◽

Dry Deposition ◽

Monsoon Season ◽

Deposition Velocity ◽

Himalayan Region ◽

Glacier Mass Balance ◽

Snow Surface ◽

Concentration Data ◽

Snow Albedo

Abstract. The possible minimal range of reduction in snow surface albedo due to dry deposition of black carbon (BC) in the pre-monsoon period (March–May) was estimated as a lower bound together with the estimation of its accuracy, based on atmospheric observations at the Nepal Climate Observatory – Pyramid (NCO-P) sited at 5079 m a.s.l. in the Himalayan region. A total BC deposition rate was estimated as 2.89 μg m−2 day−1 providing a total deposition of 266 μg m−2 for March–May at the site, based on a calculation with a minimal deposition velocity of 1.0×10−4 m s−1 with atmospheric data of equivalent BC concentration. Main BC size at NCO-P site was determined as 103.1–669.8 nm by correlation analyses between equivalent BC concentration and particulate size distributions in the atmosphere. The BC deposition from the size distribution data was also estimated. It was found that 8.7% of the estimated dry deposition corresponds to the estimated BC deposition from equivalent BC concentration data. If all the BC is deposited uniformly on the top 2-cm pure snow, the corresponding BC concentration is 26.0–68.2 μg kg−1, assuming snow density variations of 195–512 kg m−3 of Yala Glacier close to NCO-P site. Such a concentration of BC in snow could result in 2.0–5.2% albedo reductions. By assuming these albedo reductions continue throughout the year, and then applying simple numerical experiments with a glacier mass balance model, we estimated reductions would lead to runoff increases of 70–204 mm of water. This runoff is the equivalent of 11.6–33.9% of the annual discharge of a typical Tibetan glacier. Our estimates of BC concentration in snow surface for pre-monsoon season is comparable to those at similar altitudes in the Himalayan region, where glaciers and perpetual snow regions begin, in the vicinity of NCO-P. Our estimates from only BC are likely to represent a lower bound for snow albedo reductions, because we used a fixed slower deposition velocity. In addition, we excluded the effects of atmospheric wind and turbulence, snow aging, dust deposition, and snow albedo feedbacks. This preliminary study represents the first investigation of BC deposition and related albedo on snow, using atmospheric aerosol data observed at the southern slope in the Himalayas.

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Assessment of Ecological Vulnerability on Northern Sand Prevention Belt of China Based on the Ecological Pressure–Sensibility–Resilience Model

Sustainability ◽

10.3390/su13116078 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 13 (11) ◽

pp. 6078

Author(s):

Xiufen Li ◽

Lining Song ◽

Zunbo Xie ◽

Tian Gao ◽

Tingting Wang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Environmental Protection ◽

Ecological Status ◽

Vulnerability Index ◽

Mean Value ◽

Vegetation Coverage ◽

Study Region ◽

Ecological Protection ◽

Ecological Vulnerability ◽

The Mean ◽

Ecological Pressure

Quantitative assessment of ecological vulnerability is of great significance for ecological protection and restoration in ecologically vulnerable regions. Here, the ecological vulnerability of the northern sand prevention belt (NSPB) of China was assessed using an ecological pressure–sensibility–resilience model from 2000 to 2015. Results showed that the ecological vulnerability index (EVI) displayed low values in the eastern part and high values in the western part of the study region. The EVI ranged from 0.29 to 1.32 in 2000, with the mean value of 0.88, whereas it averaged 0.78 in 2015, ranging from 0.21 to 1.26. Decreasing EVI from 2000 to 2015 indicated that the ecological status has been improved. Moreover, the area proportion of moderately, heavily, and extremely ecological vulnerability levels occupied approximately 87% in both 2000 and 2015, indicating a high ecological vulnerability level. Furthermore, the change in area proportion of different ecological vulnerability levels were associated with the change in the spatial distribution of vegetation coverage, indicating that eco-environmental protection projects were indeed effective. These findings indicated that differential strategies in different restoration zones should be adopted, especially in the western parts of the study region, and eco-environmental protection projects should be reinforced to improve the ecological restoration.

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Mass concentration and origin of black carbon in spring snow on glaciers in the Alaska Range

Polar Science ◽

10.1016/j.polar.2020.100572 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 100572

Author(s):

Keiko Konya ◽

Masahiro Yamaguchi ◽

Masayuki Takigawa ◽

Takuma Miyakawa ◽

Shad O'Neel

Keyword(s):

Black Carbon ◽

Mass Concentration ◽

Alaska Range

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Study of Black Carbon (BC) Mass Concentration Variation at a Coastal Region (Surat)

Preliminary estimation of black carbon deposition from Nepal Climate Observatory-Pyramid data and its possible impact on snow albedo changes over Himalayan glaciers during the pre-monsoon season

Spatial, temporal and source contribution assessments of BC over the northern interior of South Africa

Vertical and horizontal distribution of sub-micron aerosol chemical composition and physical characteristics across Northern India, during the pre-monsoon and monsoon seasons

Black carbon concentration in the central Himalayas: impact on glacier melt and potential source contribution

Seasonal contrast in size distributions and mixing state of black carbon and its association with PM<sub>1.0</sub> chemical composition from the eastern coast of India

Vertical and horizontal distribution of submicron aerosol chemical composition and physical characteristics across northern India during pre-monsoon and monsoon seasons

Observational Study on Atmospheric Particles Mass Concentration in Fushun in China

Estimated impact of black carbon deposition during pre-monsoon season from Nepal Climate Observatory – Pyramid data and snow albedo changes over Himalayan glaciers

Assessment of Ecological Vulnerability on Northern Sand Prevention Belt of China Based on the Ecological Pressure–Sensibility–Resilience Model

Mass concentration and origin of black carbon in spring snow on glaciers in the Alaska Range

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