scholarly journals Forward Rate Bias in Developed and Developing Countries: More Risky Not Less Rational

Econometrics ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 43
Author(s):  
Michael D. Goldberg ◽  
Olesia Kozlova ◽  
Deniz Ozabaci
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Forward Rate ◽  
Currency Markets ◽  
Developed Country ◽  
Slope Coefficient ◽  
Break Points ◽  
Time Periods ◽  
The Stability ◽  
Widespread View ◽  
Shed Light

This paper examines the stability of the Bilson–Fama regression for a panel of 55 developed and developing countries. We find multiple break points for nearly every country in our panel. Subperiod estimates of the slope coefficient show a negative bias during some time periods and a positive bias during other time periods in nearly every country. The subperiod biases display two key patterns that shed light on the literature’s linear regression findings. The results point toward the importance of risk in currency markets. We find that risk is greater for developed country markets. The evidence undercuts the widespread view that currency returns are predictable or that developed country markets are less rational.

scholarly journals Efficiency of Commercial Banking in Developing Countries

Mathematics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (14) ◽  
pp. 1597
Author(s):  
Violeta Cvetkoska ◽  
Katerina Fotova Čiković ◽  
Marija Tasheva
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Commercial Banks ◽  
Feasible Solution ◽  
Banking System ◽  
Efficiency Score ◽  
Commercial Banking ◽  
Real Situation ◽  
Super Efficiency ◽  
Bank Management ◽  
The Stability

The aim of this paper is to evaluate the relative efficiency of commercial banks in three developing countries in Europe (North Macedonia, Serbia, and Croatia) in the period from 2015 to 2019, and to provide targets for improvement for the inefficient banks by using DEA. The variables are selected under the income-based approach. Based on the output-oriented BCC model, unusual results are obtained for a few commercial banks in each country, that is, they are BCC relative efficient, which is contrary to the real situation. In order to identify outliers that can affect the efficiency results, a super-efficiency procedure is applied so that banks with a super-efficiency score higher than 1.2 (outliers) or for which a feasible solution was not found are considered in detail and removed, and then the output-oriented BCC model is rerun. Based on the obtained results, the Macedonian commercial banking system shows the highest efficiency (91.1%), followed by the Croatian (90.9%) and the Serbian (81.9%) banking system. The estimated targets for improvement of the inefficient commercial banks could help their top bank management in better resource allocation and making fact-based and faster decisions by which they can improve the operation of the banks they lead and contribute to the stability of the financial system.

Use of Oral Fluid Therapy and Posttreatment Feeding Following Enteritis in Children in a Developed Country

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1985 ◽  
Vol 75 (2) ◽  
pp. 358-361
Author(s):  
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Fluid Therapy ◽  
Oral Fluid ◽  
Electrolyte Solutions ◽  
Oral Hydration ◽  
Developed Country ◽  
Oral Rehydration ◽  
Young Infants ◽  
Life Threatening ◽  
Cotransport System

The 1982-1983 report by the United Nations Children's Fund (UNICEF) on the State of the World's Children recommended widespread implementation of oral rehydration as one of the four strategies projected to save the lives of 20,000 children each day.1 In the developing countries, oral rehydration has been shown to be an effective, simple, and inexpensive therapy for dehydration caused by severe enteritis in infants.2-8 The modern concepts of oral fluid therapy for diarrheal diseases evolved in part from the clinical observation that orally administered glucose-electrolyte solutions can replace diarrheal fluid losses in cholera. Previous laboratory investigation had demonstrated the presence of a cotransport system of sodium with glucose or other actively transported small organic molecules in the small intestine in animals and in man. Clinical studies suggest that this sodium-glucose cotransport system remains intact not only when the pathophysiologic agent is an enterotoxin, such as that elaborated by Vibrio cholerae or enterotoxigenic strains of Escherichia coli, but also with inflammatioion such as that associated with rotavirus, Campylobacter jejuni, E coli, and Yersinia enterocolitica.4-8 These observations have provided a physiologic rationale for an appropriately efficient ratio of sodium to glucose in formulating solutions to be used in the developing countries for oral therapy in the treatment of infants with life-threatening diarrheal dehydration. The question we address in this commentary is that of the appropriate implementation of oral hydration therapy in a developed country. Pediatricians and others concerned with the health of children in this country are not usually confronted with the problem of obtaining uncontaminated water nor with the management of large numbers of severely malnourished young infants with multiple health problems.

scholarly journals Political Instability and Growth: Case of the Developing Countries

2013 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 19
Author(s):  
Said JAOUADI ◽  
Lamia ARFAOUI ◽  
Azza ZIEDI
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Empirical Investigation ◽  
Political Instability ◽  
Political Environment ◽  
Huge Number ◽  
Effective Governance ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Stability ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship

The paper attempted to examine the causal relationship between political instability and growth. Currently, the world continues to record huge number of popular revolutions in the region MENA, to improve the social environment and to consolidate implementing an effective governance. Although, the uprising has harmed the financial and economic situation in these countries, and became a threat for the stability of the countries, in overall.The manuscript accounts for the impact of political instability on the growth of the developing countries, in the shadow of the widespread of the revolutions since 2011. The paper attempted to illuminate the reality of the relationship between political environment and growth through the estimation of panel, comprising 69 developing countries 1985-2012.In the current paper, the authors conducted an empirical investigation, in which we bore out the claims raised in many surveys and the conclusions drawn by several authors about the harmful impact of political instability on the fundamental bases of the economy, in countries recording political instability.

What challenges and opportunities will lead to success?

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (6) ◽  
pp. 631-634 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jorge Costa ◽  
Mónica Montenegro ◽  
João Gomes
Keyword(s):  
International Economic ◽  
Developing Countries ◽  
Content Analysis ◽  
Design Methodology ◽  
Theme Issue ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Income Sources ◽  
Tourist Flows ◽  
Challenges And Opportunities ◽  
Shed Light

Purpose This paper aims to introduce the papers in this issue and explain the pertinence of the strategic question. Design/methodology/approach A brief context for the strategic question is provided, as well as the issue alignment and a content analysis of the papers selected. Findings From the analysis of the papers selected for this theme issue, it becomes clear that tourism has become one of the major players in international economic, social and technological sectors, while representing one of the main income sources for developed and developing countries. Originality/value The papers selected for this issue shed light on an important problem: increasing tourist flows and overtourism at some world top destinations.

scholarly journals Personality Traits Across the Life Cycle: Disentangling Age, Period, and Cohort Effects

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bernd Fitzenberger ◽  
Gary Mena ◽  
Jan Nimczik ◽  
Uwe Sunde
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle ◽  
Personality Traits ◽  
Economic Outcomes ◽  
Cohort Effects ◽  
Specification Tests ◽  
Age Patterns ◽  
Age Profile ◽  
Time Periods ◽  
The Stability

Abstract Economists increasingly recognise the importance of personality traits for socio-economic outcomes, but little is known about the stability of these traits over the life cycle. Existing empirical contributions typically focus on age patterns and disregard cohort and period influences. This paper contributes novel evidence for the separability of age, period, and cohort effects for a broad range of personality traits based on systematic specification tests for disentangling age, period and cohort influences. Our estimates document that for different cohorts, the evolution of personality traits across the life cycle follows a stable, though non-constant, age profile, while there are sizeable differences across time periods.

scholarly journals Ab Initio Molecular Dynamics Investigations of the Speciation and Reactivity of Deep Eutectic Electrolytes in Aluminum Batteries

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Carrasco-Busturia ◽  
Steen Lysgaard ◽  
Piotr Jankowski ◽  
Tejs Vegge ◽  
Arghya Bhowmik ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Dynamics ◽  
Ab Initio ◽  
Deep Eutectic Solvents ◽  
Ionic Species ◽  
Electrochemical Activity ◽  
Molecular Composition ◽  
Ab Initio Molecular Dynamics ◽  
The Stability ◽  
Shed Light ◽  
Battery Anode

Deep eutectic solvents (DES) have emerged as an alternative for conventional ionic<br>liquids in aluminum batteries. Elucidating DES composition is fundamental to<br>understand aluminum electrodeposition in the battery anode. Despite numerous<br>experiemental efforts, the speciation of these DES remains elusive. This work shows<br>how \textit{Ab initio} molecular dynamics (AIMD) simulations can shed light on the<br>molecular composition of DES. For the particular example of AlCl$_{3}$:urea, one of<br>the most popular DES, we carried out a systematic AIMD study, showing how an<br>excess of AlCl$_{3}$ in the AlCl$_{3}$:urea mixture promotes the stability of ionic<br>species vs neutral ones and also favors the reactivity in the system. These two facts<br>explain the experimentally observed enhanced electrochemical activity in salt-rich<br>DES. We also observe the transfer of simple $[$AlCl$_{x}$(urea)$_{y}]$ clusters<br>between different species in the liquid, giving rise to free $[$AlCl$_{4}]^{-}$ units. The<br>small size of these $[$AlCl$_{4}]^{-}$ units favors the transport of ionic species towards<br>the anode, facilitating the electrodeposition of aluminum.

scholarly journals Universal modesty in signal-burying games

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tadeg Quillien
Keyword(s):  
Simple Model ◽  
Evolutionary Game ◽  
Costly Signaling ◽  
Positive Information ◽  
Probabilistic Information ◽  
Signaling Dynamics ◽  
The Stability ◽  
Positive Traits ◽  
Shed Light

Why would people hide positive information about themselves? Evolutionary game theorists have recently developed the signal-burying game as a simple model to shed light on this puzzle; they have shown that the game has an equilibrium where some agents are better off deliberately reducing the visibility of the signal by which they broadcast their positive traits. However, their explanation falls short of explaining all modesty norms, since this equilibrium also features individuals who openly brag. This leaves modesty norms that everyone adheres to in want of an explanation. Here we show that the signal-burying framework actually affords such an explanation: the game contains an equilibrium where all agents who send a signal voluntarily reduce its conspicuousness. Surprisingly, the stability of the two kinds of equilibria rely on very different principles. The equilibrium where some agents brag is stable because of costly signaling dynamics. By contrast, the universal modesty equilibrium exists because buried signals contain probabilistic information about a sender's type, and receivers make optimal use of this information. In the latter equilibrium, burying a signal can be understood as a handicap which makes the signal more honest, but honesty is not achieved through standard costly signaling dynamics.

Street Level Flood Monitoring and Warning System, a conceptual model using IoT: A Case of Surat City

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (12) ◽  
pp. 55-65
Author(s):  
Anant Patel ◽  
Sanjay Yadav
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Water Level ◽  
Warning System ◽  
Water Levels ◽  
Mitigation Measures ◽  
Developed Country ◽  
River Bank ◽  
Street Level ◽  
Flood Warning ◽  
Flood Monitoring

Most of the natural disasters are unpredictable, but the most frequent occurring catastrophic event over the globe is flood. Developing countries are severely affected by the floods because of the high frequencies of floods. The developing countries do not have good forecasting system compared to the developed country. The metro cities are also settled near the coast or river bank which are the most vulnerable places to floods. This study proposes plan for street level flood monitoring and warning system for the Surat city, India. Waterlogging happens in the low lying area of the Surat city due to heavy storm and heavy releases from the Ukai dam. The high releases from upstream Ukai dam and heavy rainfall resulted into flooding in the low lying area of the Surat city. This research proposed a wireless water level sensor network system for the street water level flood monitoring. The system is proposed to monitor the water levels of different areas of city through the wireless water level sensors as well as to capture live photos using CCTV camera. This will help authority not only to issue flood warning but also to plan flood mitigation measures and evacuation of people.

Self-Service Technology Banking Preferences

2014 ◽  
pp. 714-727 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fouad Omran Elgahwash ◽  
Mark Bruce Freeman
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Information And Communication Technologies ◽  
Banking Sector ◽  
Developed Country ◽  
Banking Services ◽  
Use Of Technology ◽  
Current Availability ◽  
Self Service ◽  
Technology Strategies ◽  
Self Service Technology

Technology-enabled banking services are currently being implemented in developing countries. This research examines how citizens of developing countries adapt to these changes in their banking services. Technological expansion has been occurring in the Arabic region since the 1980s; however, the focus has been on trade and services offered by industries. The banking sector is an information intensive industry and should be at the forefront of advanced use of Information and Communication Technologies (ICTs). The banking sector has started to utilize technology-enabled services through the Internet and mobile devices, with the goal of improving customer relationships by empowering customers. One common trend is increasing the use of self-service technologies, which are facilitated by ICTs. This study discusses how Libyan banks should focus their technology strategies to relate to customers, reduce costs and improve services, achieved through the use of a survey completed by customers who have become accustomed to technology-enabled banking services in the developed world. The current availability of technology-enabled banking services in Libya is limited. This paper presents a comparative review of the use of technology-enabled banking services by Libyans when they are in Libya and whilst they are in Australia (a foreign developed country where Libyans are furthering their education).

Integrating Spatial Technologies in Urban Environments for Food Security

2019 ◽  
pp. 1102-1138
Author(s):  
Edwin Joseph ◽  
Elizabeth O'Dea
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Food Security ◽  
Urban Poor ◽  
Urban Poverty ◽  
Urban Environments ◽  
Sustainable Growth ◽  
Developed Country ◽  
Urban Decay ◽  
Key Factor ◽  
The City

Food security for the urban poor has been an important topic for both developed and developing countries over the last 15 years. Although South Bend Indiana is a city in a developed country, declining economic circumstances have caused the city to show significant urban decay somewhat similar to some cities in developing countries. In this chapter, we explore South Bend's history and economic development strategies, and review practices aimed at strengthening food security for the urban poor. The chapter documents how numerous disparate organizations have been trying to help alleviate urban poverty and hunger, and reviews previous strategies used to foster sustainable growth and development. The integration of spatial technologies will become a key factor for promoting community social networks, participatory planning, and collaboration. The case is presented for the use of Geographic Information Systems (GIS) and associated technologies to help organizations, community leaders, local organizations, city planners, higher education institutions and the urban poor, work together to alleviate poverty and malnutrition through networking and sustainable urban agriculture.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document