scholarly journals Children’s Health Capital Investment: Effects of U.S. Infant Breastfeeding on Teenage Obesity

Econometrics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 42
Author(s):  
Albert Okunade ◽  
Ahmad Reshad Osmani ◽  
Toluwalope Ayangbayi ◽  
Adeyinka Kevin Okunade
Keyword(s):  
Standard Deviation ◽  
Capital Investment ◽  
Breastfeeding Duration ◽  
Development Theory ◽  
Breastfeeding Initiation ◽  
Obesity Prevalence ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Health Capital ◽  
Initiation Rate ◽  
Teenage Obesity

Obesity, as a health and social problem with rising prevalence and soaring economic cost, is increasingly drawing scholarly and public policy attention. While many studies have suggested that infant breastfeeding protects against childhood obesity, empirical evidence on this causal relationship is fragile. Using the health capital development theory, this study exploited multiple data sources from the U.S. and a three-way error components model (ECM) with a jackknife resampling plan to estimate the effect of in-hospital breastfeeding initiation and breastfeeding for durations of 3, 6, and 12 months on the prevalence of obesity during teenage years. The main finding was that a 1% rise in the in-hospital breastfeeding initiation rate reduces the teenage obesity prevalence rate by 1.7% (9.6% of a standard deviation). The magnitude of this effect declines as the infant breastfeeding duration lengthens—e.g., the 12-month infant breastfeeding duration rate is associated with a 0.53% (3.7% of a standard deviation) reduction in obesity prevalence in the teenage years (9th to 12th grades). The study findings agree with both the behavioral and physiological theories on the long-term effects of breastfeeding, and have timely implications for public policies promoting infant breastfeeding to reduce the economic burden of teenage and later adult-stage obesity prevalence rates.

scholarly journals Nutrition and Iron Status of 1-Year Olds following a Revision in Infant Dietary Recommendations

Anemia ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 2011 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Asa V. Thorisdottir ◽  
Inga Thorsdottir ◽  
Gestur I. Palsson
Keyword(s):  
Serum Ferritin ◽  
Iron Status ◽  
Breastfeeding Duration ◽  
Cow’S Milk ◽  
Breastfeeding Initiation ◽  
Dietary Recommendations ◽  
Initiation Rate ◽  
Dietary Changes ◽  
Cow's Milk ◽  
Iron Deficient

A previous study showed low iron status in 12-month-old Icelandic infants associated most strongly with cow's milk intake and growth. Infant dietary recommendations were revised in 2003. This study investigated nutrition and iron status in a new infant cohort.Subjects/Methods. Randomly selected infants were prospectively investigated for diet, anthropometry, and iron status (n= 110–141).Results. Breastfeeding initiation rate was 98%; 38% of 5-month olds were exclusively and 20% of 12-month olds partially breastfed. Formula was given to 21% of 6-month olds and 64% of 12-month olds, but cow's milk to 2.5% and 54.4% of 6- and 12-month olds, respectively. Iron depletion (serum ferritin < 12 μg/L) affected 5.8%, 1.4% were also iron deficient (MCV < 74 fl), and none were anemic (Hb < 105 g/l). Iron status associated negatively with growth and breastfeeding duration and positively with meat and formula intake at 9–12 months, but not with cow's milk.Conclusion. Improved iron status might be explained by a shift from cow's milk to formula in the diet of Icelandic 6–12-month olds. Dietary changes altered associations between foods and iron status.

scholarly journals Trends in breastfeeding practices and mothers’ experience in the French NutriNet-Santé cohort

2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Frédéric Courtois ◽  
Sandrine Péneau ◽  
Benoît Salanave ◽  
Valentina A. Andreeva ◽  
Marie Françoise Roland-Cachera ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Census Data ◽  
Breastfeeding Duration ◽  
Breastfeeding Initiation ◽  
Breastfeeding Support ◽  
The Public ◽  
The Past ◽  
Breastfeeding Practices ◽  
Breastfeeding Education ◽  
Breastfeeding Cessation

Abstract Background France has one of the lowest rates in the world regarding breastfeeding initiation and duration. Few studies have explored breastfeeding practices in France since the middle of the twentieth century, or following from initiation to cessation. The purpose of our study was to determine trends in breastfeeding over the past decades regarding public health recommendations, and to examine mothers’ perceptions about factors known to have an impact on breastfeeding support and cessation. Methods From the NutriNet-Santé cohort, 29,953 parous women (launched in 2009 to study relation between nutrition and health), were included in the present study. Using web-questionnaires, they were asked retrospectively if they had breastfed their youngest child or not, and if so, the duration of exclusive and total breastfeeding. For those who had breastfed, we investigated their perceptions about support at initiation and during the entire breastfeeding period and reasons for breastfeeding cessation. We also asked those who did not breastfeed about their perceptions and reasons for infant formula feeding their youngest child. Analyses were weighted according to the French census data. Results In the NutriNet-Santé cohort, 67.3% of mothers breastfed their youngest child. The proportion of breastfed children increased over the past few decades, from 55.0% (95% CI 54.3, 55.6) in the 1970s to 82.9% (82.4, 83.4) in the 2010s. Total and exclusive breastfeeding duration went from 3.3 months and 2.4 months respectively in the 1970s to 5.9 months and 3.2 months respectively in the 2010s. Most mothers felt supported at initiation and during the breastfeeding period. A reported desire to have breastfed longer than two months was 59.5%. Mothers who did not breastfeed did it by choice (64.3%). They did not feel guilty (78.2%) and did not perceive a problem not to breastfeed (58.8%), but almost half of them would have liked to have breastfed (45.9%). Conclusion Breastfeeding duration has increased in the past decades but did not reach the public health recommendations threshold. Targets other than mothers have to be considered for breastfeeding education, like the partner and her environment, to increase breastfeeding practices. Trial registration The study was registered at ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT03335644).

Maternal Education, Breastfeeding Behaviours and Lactational Amenorrhoea: Studies Among Two Ethnic Communities in Ile Ife, Nigeria

1996 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 115-126 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anita A. Davies-Adetugbo ◽  
E.O. Ojofeitimi
Keyword(s):  
Formal Education ◽  
Maternal Education ◽  
Child Survival ◽  
Important Variable ◽  
Breastfeeding Duration ◽  
Breastfeeding Initiation ◽  
Southwestern Nigeria ◽  
Average Decrease ◽  
Lactating Mothers ◽  
Milk Substitutes

Breastfeeding is an important child survival strategy. This report aims to describe the unique contributions of education, ethnicity, and other variables to breastfeeding outcomes. The study was conducted among two groups of lactating mothers in Ile Ife, southwestern Nigeria, using structured questionnaires focusing on their breastfeeding history and current practice. Breastfeeding initiation was delayed in both groups, and primary education is the most significant predictor of initiation of breastfeeding within 6 hours of delivery (OR = 3.92, p = 0.0117). Breastfeeding duration (SD) was 13.7 (4.3) months for the Yorubas and 17.5 (3.4) for the Hausas. Its only significant predictors are education (p < = 0.0001), with an average decrease in breastfeeding duration of 3.2 and 6.6 months with mother's education to the primary and post-primary levels respectively, compared with mothers with no education. In turn, breastfeeding duration is the most significant predictor of the duration of lactational amenorrhoea (p = 0.0000). Mothers with some formal education are also more likely to start feeding human milk substitutes at 2 weeks (OR = 3.83, p = 0.024). The most important variable determining breastfeeding in this study is education. The educated mother is more likely to be involved in economic activity away from the home. To protect breastfeeding in these communities, there is a need for programmes to support the breastfeeding mother who works.

Influences of Cesarean Delivery on Breastfeeding Practices and Duration: A Prospective Cohort Study

2018 ◽  
Vol 34 (3) ◽  
pp. 526-534 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cheng Chen ◽  
Yan Yan ◽  
Xiao Gao ◽  
Shiting Xiang ◽  
Qiong He ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cohort Study ◽  
Regression Model ◽  
Cesarean Delivery ◽  
Vaginal Delivery ◽  
Prospective Cohort Study ◽  
Exclusive Breastfeeding ◽  
Prospective Cohort ◽  
Breastfeeding Duration ◽  
Breastfeeding Initiation ◽  
Breastfeeding Practices

Background: Mothers are encouraged to exclusively breastfeed for the first 6 months. However, cesarean delivery rates have increased worldwide, which may affect breastfeeding. Research aim: This study aimed to determine the potential effects of cesarean delivery on breastfeeding practices and breastfeeding duration. Methods: This was a 6-month cohort study extracted from a 24-month prospective cohort study of mother–infant pairs in three communities in Hunan, China. Data about participants’ characteristics, delivery methods, breastfeeding initiation, use of formula in the hospital, exclusive breastfeeding, and any breastfeeding were collected at 1, 3, and 6 months following each infant’s birth. The chi-square test, logistic regression model, and Cox proportional hazard regression model were used to examine the relationship between breastfeeding practices and cesarean delivery. Results: The number of women who had a cesarean delivery was 387 (40.6%), and 567 (59.4%) women had a vaginal delivery. The exclusive breastfeeding rates at 1, 3, and 6 months were 80.2%, 67.4%, and 21.5%, respectively. Women who had a cesarean delivery showed a lower rate of exclusive breastfeeding and any breastfeeding than those who had a vaginal delivery ( p < .05). In addition, cesarean delivery was related with using formula in the hospital and delayed breastfeeding initiation. Cesarean delivery also shortened the breastfeeding duration (hazard ratio = 1.40, 95% confidence interval [1.06, 1.84]). Conclusion: Healthcare professionals should provide more breastfeeding skills to women who have a cesarean delivery and warn mothers about the dangers of elective cesarean section for breastfeeding practices.

Effect of a Prenatal Nutritional Intervention Program On Initiation and Duration of Breastfeeding

2008 ◽  
Vol 69 (2) ◽  
pp. 101-105 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gisèle Léger-Leblanc ◽  
France M. Rioux
Keyword(s):  
Intervention Program ◽  
Nutritional Intervention ◽  
Hemoglobin Level ◽  
Breastfeeding Initiation ◽  
Initiation Rate ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Modifiable Factors ◽  
Duration Of Breastfeeding ◽  
Early Childhood Initiative ◽  
Intention To Breastfeed

Purpose: To evaluate initiation and duration of breastfeeding of infants born to mothers who participated in the Early Childhood Initiative (ECI) program. Factors affecting the initiation and the early cessation of breastfeeding were also explored. Methods: Twenty-five pregnant women participating in the ECI program completed this prospective study. At 36 weeks’ gestation, a questionnaire was administered to assess socioeconomic status, intention to breastfeed and breastfeeding experience. When the infants were three and six months of age, feeding practices were assessed with a questionnaire. Results: The breastfeeding initiation rate was 62.5%. At one and three months postpartum, exclusive breastfeeding rates were 39% and 4%, respectively. At six months, none of the women was exclusively breastfeeding. Primiparity, prenatal classes, having been breastfed and intention to breastfeed at 36 weeks’ gestation were positively associated with breastfeeding initiation. Father’s education, intention to breastfeed at 36 weeks’ gestation, no water or formula given to the infant during hospitalization and higher maternal hemoglobin level at 36 weeks’ gestation were positively associated with the duration of breastfeeding. Conclusions: The rate of initiation and duration of breastfeeding for ECI participants were low. To achieve successful interventions, it is important to target modifiable factors known to influence the initiation and duration of breastfeeding within this population.

Maternal Depression and Breastfeeding Practices in the Maldives

2019 ◽  
Vol 31 (2) ◽  
pp. 113-120 ◽  
Author(s):  
Raheema Abdul Raheem ◽  
Hui Jun Chih ◽  
Colin William Binns
Keyword(s):  
Maternal Depression ◽  
Postnatal Depression ◽  
Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale ◽  
Cox Regression ◽  
Depression Scale ◽  
Antenatal Clinic ◽  
Antenatal Depression ◽  
Breastfeeding Duration ◽  
Breastfeeding Initiation ◽  
Breastfeeding Practices

Objectives: To assess associations between maternal depression and breastfeeding practices in mothers in the Maldives. Design: A prospective cohort study. The validated questionnaires contained information on demographics, breastfeeding initiation, breastfeeding duration, and the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale. Logistic regression analyses were used to assess association between Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale score and breastfeeding practices while adjusting for lifestyle determinants. Cox regression was done to measure the association between maternal depression and breastfeeding duration. Settings: Antenatal clinic at Indira Gandhi Memorial and ADK Hospitals in Male’, Maldives. Subjects: A total of 458 mothers from the antennal clinics were interviewed at 36 weeks of gestation and again at 1, 3, and 6 months after birth. Results: Antenatal depression at 36 weeks of gestation was associated with late initiation of breastfeeding (adjusted odds ratio = 3.0, 95% confidence interval = 1.3-6.8). Postnatal depression was associated with shorter duration of exclusive, full, and any breastfeeding ( P < .001). Conclusion. Depression is negatively associated with breastfeeding practices. There is a need to manage antenatal postnatal depression in mothers in order to encourage them to initiate breastfeeding earlier and to breastfeed for longer.

scholarly journals Validity of self-reported weight: a study of urban brazilian adults

1993 ◽  
Vol 27 (4) ◽  
pp. 271-276 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria I. Schmidt ◽  
Bruce B. Duncan ◽  
Mário Tavares ◽  
Carísi A. Polanczyk ◽  
Lúcia Pellanda ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Standard Deviation ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Mean Difference ◽  
Obesity Prevalence ◽  
Porto Alegre ◽  
Measured Weight ◽  
Prevalence Of Obesity ◽  
The Mean

In order to evaluate the validity of self-reported weight for use in obesity prevalence surveys, self-reported weight was compared to measured weight for 659 adults living in the Porto Alegre county, RS Brazil in 1986-87, both weights being obtained by a technician in the individual's home on the same visit. The mean difference between self-reported and measured weight was small (-0.06 +/- 3.16 kg; mean +/- standard deviation), and the correlation between reported and measured weight was high (r=0.97). Sixty-two percent of participants reported their weight with an error of < 2 kg, 87% with an error of < 4 kg, and 95% with an error of < 6 kg. Underweight individuals overestimated their weight, while obese individuals underestimated theirs (p<0.05). Men tended to overestimate their weight and women underestimate theirs, this difference between sexes being statistically significant (p=0.04). The overall prevalence of underweight (body mass index < 20) by reported weight was 11%, by measured weight 13%; the overall prevalence of obesity (body mass index > 30) by reported weight was 10%, by measured weight 11%. Thus, the validity of reported weight is acceptable for surveys of the prevalence of ponderosity in similar settings.

Effectiveness of Workplace Lactation Interventions on Breastfeeding Outcomes in the United States: An Updated Systematic Review

2018 ◽  
Vol 35 (1) ◽  
pp. 100-113 ◽  
Author(s):  
Julia H. Kim ◽  
Jong C. Shin ◽  
Sharon M. Donovan
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Exclusive Breastfeeding ◽  
Maternity Leave ◽  
The United States ◽  
Breastfeeding Duration ◽  
Breastfeeding Initiation ◽  
White Ethnicity ◽  
Observational Study Design ◽  
The Impact

Background Returning to work is one of the main barriers to breastfeeding duration among working mothers in the United States. However, the impact of workplace lactation programs is unclear. Research Aim The aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of workplace lactation programs in the United States on breastfeeding practices. Methods A systematic search was conducted of seven databases through September 2017. Articles ( N = 10) meeting the inclusion criteria of describing a workplace lactation intervention and evaluation in the United States and measuring initiation, exclusivity, or duration using an experimental or observational study design were critically evaluated. Two reviewers conducted quality assessments and reviewed the full-text articles during the analysis. Results Common services provided were breast pumps, social support, lactation rooms, and breastfeeding classes. Breastfeeding initiation was very high, ranging from 87% to 98%. Several factors were significantly associated with duration of exclusive breastfeeding: (a) receiving a breast pump for one year (8.3 versus 4.7 months), (b) return-to-work consultations (40% versus 17% at 6 months), and (c) telephone support (42% versus 15% at 6 months). Each additional service (except prenatal education) dose-dependently increased exclusively breastfeeding at 6 months. Sociodemographic information including older maternal age, working part-time, longer maternity leave, and white ethnicity were associated with longer breastfeeding duration. Conclusion Workplace lactation interventions increased breastfeeding initiation, duration, and exclusive breastfeeding, with greater changes observed with more available services. More evidence is needed on the impact of workplace support in low-income populations, and the cost-effectiveness of these programs in reducing health care costs.

Home Visiting Effects on Breastfeeding and Bedsharing in a Low-Income Sample

2020 ◽  
pp. 109019812096419
Author(s):  
Joshua P. Mersky ◽  
Colleen E. Janczewski ◽  
ChienTi Plummer Lee ◽  
Ross M. Gilbert ◽  
Cali McAtee ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Low Income ◽  
Home Visiting ◽  
Health Department ◽  
The United States ◽  
Breastfeeding Duration ◽  
Breastfeeding Initiation ◽  
Public Health Department ◽  
Safe Sleep ◽  
Quasi Experimental ◽  
The Impact

Background Research suggests that home visiting interventions can promote breastfeeding initiation, though their effects on breastfeeding continuation are unclear. No known studies have assessed the impact of home visiting on bedsharing. Aims To test the effects of home visiting on breastfeeding and bedsharing in a low-income, urban sample in the United States. Methods During a field trial conducted in Milwaukee, Wisconsin, from April 2014 to March 2017, referrals to a public health department were randomized to a Healthy Families America (HFA) program or a prenatal care and coordination (PNCC) program. Of the 204 women who accepted services, 139 consented to the study and were allocated to the two treatment groups, which were compared with each other and a third quasi-experimental group of 100 women who did not accept services. Data were collected at four time points up to 12 months postpartum. Results Breastfeeding initiation was higher among 72 HFA participants (88.4%; odds ratio [OR] = 2.7) and 67 PNCC participants (88.5%; OR = 2.2) than 100 comparison participants (76.5%). Similar results emerged for breastfeeding duration, though group differences were not statistically significant. Unexpectedly, bedsharing prevalence was higher among HFA participants (56.5%) than PNCC participants (31.1%; OR = 2.9) and comparison group participants (38.8%; OR = 2.0). Discussion Home visiting was linked to increased breastfeeding, while effects on bedsharing varied by program. Progress toward precision home visiting will be advanced by identifying program components that promote breastfeeding and safe sleep. Conclusion Further research is needed to examine whether home visiting reduces disparities in breastfeeding and safe sleep practices.

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