scholarly journals Spatial Market Integration: A Case Study of the Polish–Czech Milk Market

Economies ◽  
2022 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 25
Author(s):  
Monika Roman ◽  
Zdeňka Žáková Kroupová
Keyword(s):  
Czech Republic ◽  
Market Integration ◽  
Dairy Product ◽  
Milk Powder ◽  
Spatial Integration ◽  
Food Markets ◽  
The Czech Republic ◽  
Long Run ◽  
Milk Market ◽  
Price Relationships

Analyses of spatial market integration contributes to the knowledge about market efficiency and provides information to policymakers, as the spatial integration of markets contributes to competitiveness and economic development. Although the integration of agri-food markets is widely discussed in the economic literature, research on the dairy sector is relatively limited. This paper fulfils the research gap with an in-depth investigation of spatial milk and dairy product market integration between two neighboring countries—Poland and Czechia—using regional data, and including both production and processing levels. The econometric analysis of time series covering the period 2001–2021 reveals that only long-run milk and skimmed milk powder (SMP) price relationships are between the Czech Republic and Poland. The results of the study confirm that the factors influencing spatial price relationships between the Czech Republic and Poland are: strong trade ties, the common moment of accession to the EU, a close distance between markets, and region specialization.

SELECTED ISSUES OF THE WORLD MILK MARKET

2020 ◽  
Vol XXII (4) ◽  
pp. 127-139
Author(s):  
Barbara Kutkowska ◽  
Tomasz Szuk ◽  
Irena Kropsz-Wydra
Keyword(s):  
Czech Republic ◽  
Milk Production ◽  
Dairy Products ◽  
Dairy Product ◽  
The United States ◽  
Reference Source ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Strong Concentration ◽  
The Czech Republic ◽  
Competitive Position

The purpose of the study was to assess the competitive position of the dairy sector in international trade in 1998-2017. The analysis of the concentration of global milk production in the years covered by the study was also presented in the paper. The data from the FAO and the information provided by the CLAL constituted the reference source for the conducted research. The study presents the assessment of: trends in production, export and import changes, trends in percentage share changes of major milk producers, exporters and importers and also the competitive position of dairy product exporters. The analysis covered 20 largest global producers and exporters of these products. In the analysed period, the largest milk producers were as follows: India, the United States, Russia, Germany, France and Pakistan. China significantly increased its production share in recent years, whereas Russia, Germany and France reduced their share in global milk production. The following EU countries are listed among the leading exporters of dairy products: Germany, Belgium, the Netherlands, France and the Czech Republic. The highest export growth dynamics were recorded in: Poland, the Czech Republic, Latvia, Estonia and Slovakia. The analysed period was characterised by a strong concentration of countries producing and exporting dairy products and an increase in pro-export orientation among the largest exporters of these products in global markets. After joining the European Union, Poland’s competitive position on the discussed market was gradually improving.

scholarly journals Kretanje osobne potrošnje na primjeru odabranih članica EU-a

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 271-285
Author(s):  
Vesna Buterin ◽  
Nela Vlahinić Lenz ◽  
Natalija Mihaljević
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Czech Republic ◽  
Aggregate Demand ◽  
Macroeconomic Policies ◽  
The Czech Republic ◽  
Population Decrease ◽  
Long Run ◽  
Personal Consumption ◽  
Economic Trends ◽  
New Eu Members

Personal consumption is the largest macroeconomic aggregate with a large impact on economic trends and a share of GDP of about 60%. The aim of this paper was to determine whether there are significant differences in the movement and structure of personal consumption in Croatia and the two new EU members - the Czech Republic and Romania and to establish patterns of changes in personal consumption in the named countries. The analysis confirmed a strong correlation between personal consumption and GDP, and this correlation is stronger in Romania, where the direction of these two rates of change almost coincides. The previous confirms personal consumption as an important category to be taken into account when adopting macroeconomic policies. The analysis, also, showed that the share of personal consumption in GDP is the smallest in the Czech Republic, suggesting that there are some other Czech economy drivers, primarily investment and net exports. Given that the Czech Republic and Croatia are small and open economies comparable to the level of development, and considering that the Czech economy growth is considerably higher than in Croatia, it can be concluded that the model of economic growth in the Czech Republic is better and more sustainable in the long run. The model of economic growth relying on personal consumption as a generator of aggregate demand is not a model that can ensure sustainable GDP growth in Croatia, especially in terms of population decrease. It is, therefore, necessary to provide a stimulating institutional framework for the growth of domestic and foreign investments and greater export orientation.

scholarly journals Evaluation of the effectiveness of high-speed rail projects in the Czech Republic in terms integration potential

GeoScape ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
Milan Viturka ◽  
Vilém Pařil
Keyword(s):  
Czech Republic ◽  
Market Integration ◽  
Construction Projects ◽  
High Speed ◽  
Mobility Model ◽  
Labour Mobility ◽  
High Speed Rail ◽  
Marginal Rate ◽  
The Czech Republic ◽  
The Impact

AbstractThe paper deals with the evaluation of the effectiveness of the construction of high-speed rails/HSR in the Czech Republic with an emphasis on the perception of their potential impact on labour market integration. The introductory part analyses the position of the main Central European metropolises in the HSR network as a tool for transnational integration, where the leading position of German and Swiss metropolises was confirmed. The main goal of the paper is assessing the impact of HSR construction projects on the work attractiveness of Czech metropolitan regions using the model of marginal rate of labour mobility model determined by the ratio of income and cost increases (including variant scenarios of lost time costs as negative externality). Its application combines economic and geographic analysis and thus contributes to the integration of space and time into economic theory. The performed analyses demonstrate the most significant positive impacts of the construction of HSR on the work attractiveness of Prague, followed by Brno. Regarding the adequate effects of the operating speed, it is possible to evaluate them as secondary due to the small distances of the affected residential centres. Overall, we expect that the implementation of the discussed projects will not have a significant impact on the labour mobility of the population and it is therefore necessary to pay attention to their other benefits.

scholarly journals Factors That Influence the Selling of Milk Through Milk Vending Machines

2014 ◽  
Vol 62 (4) ◽  
pp. 641-650 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hana Doležalová ◽  
Kamil Pícha ◽  
Josef Navrátil ◽  
Aneta Bezemková
Keyword(s):  
Czech Republic ◽  
Milk Consumption ◽  
Consumer Awareness ◽  
Technical Problems ◽  
The Czech Republic ◽  
Weak Support ◽  
Vending Machines ◽  
Milk Market ◽  
Total Sales ◽  
The Eu

The aim of this paper is to assess the current situation in the sale of milk through vending machines in the context of the previous period of the decline in milk consumption, the transition of the Czech Republic towards the market economy, the transformation of agriculture, the entry into the EU and the concentration in the milk market and to define the basic motivational factors and barriers of the development of this distribution path. Technical problems with sales, intent to diversify milk selling and aiming the high profitability of the sale are the reasons for operating vending machines that are correlated with the share of this selling channel on producers' total sales of milk. Vending machines are inhibited by misinformation from state authorities; other problems are weak support by media and low consumer awareness. The expectations of the operators concerning the development of the situation of the milk vending machines are rather optimistic: 36% of them expect an increase in sales, 48% expect the stagnation and only 16% expect the decrease.

scholarly journals Measuring The Impact of an Administrative Fine on a Company And Its Future Survival: a Case Study From The Czech Republic

2021 ◽  
Vol 17 (4) ◽  
pp. 34-49
Author(s):  
Tomas Krabec ◽  
Romana Čižinska
Keyword(s):  
Czech Republic ◽  
Constitutional Court ◽  
Business Activity ◽  
Economic Returns ◽  
The Czech Republic ◽  
Long Run ◽  
Administrative Punishment ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Specific Amount

Abstract An administrative fine is a monetary penalty that may be imposed by a supervisory authoritity as an administrative punishment. Such a fine adversely interferes in the cash flow generation of the company in question. The fine can be described as an investment carrying opportunity costs with no economic returns. However, according to the judgment of the Constitutional Court of the Czech Republic Pl. ÚS 3/02 of 13 August 2002 it is submitted that the fine cannot be imposed in such an amount that would ultimately be liquidating for the sanctioned entrepreneur. The assessment of whether the specific amount of the fine imposed represents such an intensive interference with the entrepreneur's property that his business activity becomes pointless (i.e., in the long run only for the payment of a fine) is elaborated in this article. Based on a case study from the Czech Republic, this article deals with an example of a suitable methodological procedure, on the basis of which it is possible to evaluate the impact of a specific amount of fine imposed on the property of a sanctioned entrepreneur and assess ex ante whether (i) continuity of his business will be interrupted in the future, i.e., when, as a result of the payment of the fine, he eventually goes bankrupt in the form of insolvency or over-indebtedness and / or (ii) his business activity will only serve to pay the fine and thus become "pointless". The presented economic narrative and methodology are relevant for policy makers and, particularly, for supervisory authorities imposing the fines or assessing the requests for remission.

scholarly journals PRICE TRANSMISSION OF SKIM MILK POWDER IN INDONESIA: DO SKIM MILK POWDER IMPORT PRICES FOLLOW THE PRICES IN NEW ZEALAND?

2014 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 171-192
Author(s):  
Venty Fitriany Nurunisa ◽  
Bonar Marulitua Sinaga ◽  
Ratna Winandi ◽  
Bernhard Brummer
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Market Integration ◽  
Milk Powder ◽  
Skim Milk ◽  
Skim Milk Powder ◽  
Price Transmission ◽  
Vector Error Correction ◽  
Long Run ◽  
Augmented Dickey Fuller ◽  
Johansen Cointegration Test

The objectives of this research are i) to examine New Zealand's dairy sector and ii) to analyze the market integration and price transmission of Skim Milk Powder (SMP) of New Zealand and Indonesian market. The methods used are Augmented Dickey Fuller test, Johansen Cointegration test, and Vector Error Correction Model. The result indicates: 1) as trade partner, New Zealand is powerful due to its status as the largest dairy producer worldwide; therefore, Indonesia has less bargaining power and 2) The SMP market of both countries are integrated. The coefficient of long run equation variable indicates that every 10 percent changes of one market, the imported SMP price will adjust 10.97 percent, while the exported SMP price will adjust 9.12 percent. The loading vector coefficient indicates that Indonesia is the only party adjusting to long run disequilibrium. Policies to minimize the risks includes: i) buffer budget, ii) alternative suppliers and iii) futures trade.

scholarly journals Pull environment of migration in the EU countries: Migration vector from Ukraine

2021 ◽  
Vol 19 (4) ◽  
pp. 283-300
Author(s):  
Olha Mulska ◽  
Olha Levytska ◽  
Volodymyr Zaychenko ◽  
Taras Vasyltsiv ◽  
Olha Ilyash
Keyword(s):  
Czech Republic ◽  
Time Lag ◽  
Population Based ◽  
National Academy Of Sciences ◽  
The Czech Republic ◽  
Eu Countries ◽  
Long Run ◽  
Migration Intensity ◽  
Academy Of Sciences ◽  
The Eu

The growing Ukrainian migration towards EU countries determines the need for evaluation of pull factors shaping their environment to regulate these processes better. The study aims to assess the EU’s pull environment attracting migrants, and evaluate the elasticity of Ukrainian total and labor migration to the change of social and economic factors in EU countries. The data are collected for the period from 2005 to 2018. The method involves weighting the indicators and sub-indices with the following calculating partial and integral indices of the pull environment of migration for selected EU countries (the Czech Republic, Germany, Hungary, Poland, Italy, Portugal, Greece, and Spain) and the EU-28. During 2005–2018, the integral level of pull environment of migration in the EU-28 was above average, whereas the most attractive countries for external migrants were Germany, the Czech Republic, Spain, and Italy. In terms of the intensity of total migration from Ukraine in 2018, Poland (236.06 departures per 1,000 Ukrainians), Hungary (73.6), Germany (12.6), and Italy (7.3) are among the main destinations. While the intensity of Ukrainian migration is high, its growth rate depends on the time lag (different elasticities in the medium and long run). The integral analysis of the pull environment has a practical value allowing to conduct migration intensity and elasticity evaluation, as well as the cross-country pull-factor analysis (pull strength) for substantiating the improvement of regulatory and methodological provisions of migration policies for both Ukraine and the hosting EU states. AcknowledgmentThe study has been conducted within the framework of applied research “Mechanisms of the proactive policy for reducing social vulnerability of the population (based on the Carpathian region of Ukraine)” (M. Dolishniy Institute of Regional Research of National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Reg. No. 0121U112014, 2021–2023).

scholarly journals Model of cost and price relationships for municipal waste management of the Czech Republic

2011 ◽  
Vol 59 (7) ◽  
pp. 371-378 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jana Soukopová ◽  
Jiří Hřebíček
Keyword(s):  
Czech Republic ◽  
Decision Support ◽  
Waste Management ◽  
Decision Support Tool ◽  
Municipal Waste ◽  
Economic Point ◽  
The Czech Republic ◽  
Support Tool ◽  
Municipal Waste Management ◽  
Price Relationships

Presented paper Model of cost and price relationships for municipal waste management of the Czech Republic introduces an integrated waste management model of the Czech Republic which was developed as a balanced network model for a set of sources (mostly municipalities) of municipal solid waste (MSW) connected with a set of chosen waste treatment facilities processing their waste. Model is implemented as a combination of four models including environmental and economic point of view. It enables to formulate the optimisation problem in a concise way and the resulting model is easily scalable. It can be used for waste management planning as a decision support tool. In this case, aggregated emissions of greenhouse gases expressed as CO2 equivalent have been minimised. Model involves composting energy utilization, material recycling, and landfilling. Its size (number of sources and facilities) depends only upon available data. Its application was used as a decision support tool in the case study of optimizing the planning allocation of potential facilities of waste management of the Czech Republic.

scholarly journals Benzoic acid in some milk products from the market in the Czech Republic

2000 ◽  
Vol 18 (No. 3) ◽  
pp. 99-102 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Hejtmánková ◽  
J. Dolejšková ◽  
V. Horák ◽  
H. Dragounová ◽  
F. Louda
Keyword(s):  
Czech Republic ◽  
Benzoic Acid ◽  
Dairy Product ◽  
Fermented Milk ◽  
Cottage Cheese ◽  
The Czech Republic ◽  
Milk Products ◽  
White Cheese ◽  
The Family ◽  
Natural Component

Benzoic acid is a natural component of fermented milk products. The level of benzoic acid depends on the level of hippuric acid in used milk and on the process of dairy product manufacture, especially on the technologically used microorganisms. A hygienic limit 30 mg/kg of benzoic acid in milk products was laid down in the Czech Republic in 1997. In our study we determined the levels of benzoic acid in model yoghurts and in some milk products from Czech market. The benzoic acid content was determined by HPLC, by the use of our modification of the provisional IDF standard 139(1987). All samples of model yoghurts and all samples of milk products from the market showed levels of benzoic acid below the newly set hygienic limit. Highest level of benzoic acid was determined in the sample of white cheese (22.85 mg/kg), all other products based on white cheese showed average levels. Cottage cheese products (sample P), which belongs to the family of milk products for children, showed a very low level of benzoic acid, which is considered as a very positive result.

scholarly journals CAUSALITY BETWEEN ENERGY CONSUMPTION AND ECONOMIC GROWTH IN THE V4 COUNTRIES

2021 ◽  
Vol 27 (4) ◽  
pp. 900-920
Author(s):  
Radmila Krkošková
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Czech Republic ◽  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Unit Root ◽  
Essential Role ◽  
Unit Root Tests ◽  
The Czech Republic ◽  
Real Gdp ◽  
Long Run ◽  
Causality Tests

Energy plays an important role in economic development. This paper deals with the long-run relationship between energy consumption and real GDP for V4 countries from 2005 to 2019. The analysis was based on the unit root tests, co-integration tests, and causality tests. There are two questions. The first question is if energy consumption the stimulus to GDP, resp. energy consumption causes GDP. And the second question is if GDP the stimulus for energy consumption, resp. GDP causes consumption of energy. Energy consumption has an essential role in the economy on both the demand and the supply. It means that there should be a causal relationship from energy consumption to GDP as well as vice versa. Given that in the long run the energy consumption Granger causes the GDP in Slovakia, Hungary, and the Czech Republic, it means that energy consumption could cause economic growth in these countries. The only country where no significant relationship between energy consumption and the GDP has been demonstrated in Poland.

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