scholarly journals Seeing the Woods for the Trees Again: Analyzing Evolutionary Diagrams in German and US University-Level Textbooks

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (8) ◽  
pp. 367
Author(s):  
Thilo Schramm ◽  
Anika Jose ◽  
Philipp Schmiemann
Keyword(s):  
Phylogenetic Trees ◽  
Evolutionary Trees ◽  
The Past ◽  
Country Comparison ◽  
Evolutionary Relatedness ◽  
The Us ◽  
Coding Manual ◽  
University Level ◽  
Cross Country ◽  
Us University

Phylogenetic trees are important tools for teaching and understanding evolution, yet students struggle to read and interpret them correctly. In this study, we extend a study conducted by Catley and Novick (2008) by investigating depictions of evolutionary trees in US textbooks. We investigated 1197 diagrams from 11 German and 11 United States university textbooks, conducting a cross-country comparison and comparing the results with data from the 2008 study. A coding manual was developed based on the 2008 study, with extensions focused on additional important aspects of evolutionary trees. The US and German books showed only a low number of significant differences, typically with very small impacts. In both samples, some characteristics that can render reading trees more difficult or foster misconceptions were found to be prevalent in various portions of the diagrams. Furthermore, US textbooks showed fewer problematic properties in our sample than in the 2008 sample. We conclude that evolutionary trees in US and German textbooks are represented comparably and that depictions in US textbooks have improved over the past 12 years. As students are confronted with comparable depictions of evolutionary relatedness, we argue that findings and materials from one country should easily be transferable to the other.

scholarly journals A Cross-Country Comparison of Dynamics in the Large Firm Wage Premium

2018 ◽  
Vol 108 ◽  
pp. 323-327 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emanuele Colonnelli ◽  
Joacim Tåg ◽  
Michael Webb ◽  
Stefanie Wolter
Keyword(s):  
Large Firm ◽  
Wage Premium ◽  
Micro Data ◽  
The Past ◽  
Country Comparison ◽  
Cross Country ◽  
The Uk ◽  
Future Work ◽  
Industry Trends ◽  
Over Time

We provide stylized facts on the existence and dynamics over time of the large firm wage premium for four countries. We examine matched employer-employee micro-data from Brazil, Germany, Sweden, and the UK, and find that the large firm premium exists in all these countries. However, we uncover substantial differences among them in the evolution of the wage premium over the past several decades. Moreover, we find no clear evidence of common cross-country industry trends. We conclude by discussing potential explanations for this heterogeneity, and proposing some questions for future work in the area.

scholarly journals Analyzing the economic variables and their relationship to inflation in the US, China and Germany: Why empirical results demonstrate the inability to accurately assess economic policy through data

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Anthony Marino Rosa
Keyword(s):  
Interest Rates ◽  
Balance Sheet ◽  
The United States ◽  
Global Market ◽  
Strongly Correlated ◽  
The Past ◽  
Real Gdp ◽  
Inflation Rates ◽  
The Us ◽  
Cross Country

For the past 50 years, economists used the quantity theory of money to explain inflation. Monetarists, like Milton Friedman, view inflation as “everywhere a monetary phenomenon” and cite data comparing the quantity of money per unit of output (Real GDP) with CPI (inflation). Once scaled, the data appears strongly correlated. Critics state large action in the past decade by central banks did not lead to inflation. Recent research claims, “rapid money supply growth does not cause inflation...neither do rapid growth in government debt, declining interest rates, or rapid increases in a central bank’s balance sheet.” I test claims about the causes and predictability of inflation through a cross-country examination of different policies and their correlation with countries’ inflation rates. The study of inflation and its causes is important as the price mechanism is considered the mudsill of a functioning market, and countries aim to minimize large, unpredictable changes (hyperinflation, deflation). I examine empirical data from March 1959 - March 2020 in the United States through a multivariate linear regression model and then compare this with data from China 1996-2016 and Germany 1991-2020 as global references. I demonstrate the theoretical contradiction that, in the US, personal spending and high taxes correlate with inflation while government spending and monetary injections do not. I also demonstrate two key findings. First, interest rates appear to react to inflation rather than cause it. Second, there are no predictable causes of visible inflation in a global market. My results are inconclusive; yet the puzzling nature of their indications is evidence against broad monetary claims in general.

scholarly journals Systemic country differences in the European innovation performance - Does institutional context matter?

2014 ◽  
pp. 2-10
Author(s):  
Csaba Makó ◽  
Miklós Illéssy ◽  
Brian Mitchell
Keyword(s):  
High Performance ◽  
Work Organization ◽  
Innovation Performance ◽  
Sociology Of Work ◽  
Country Comparison ◽  
The Us ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Cross Country ◽  
New Forms Of Work ◽  
The Eu

The so-called "High Performance Working System" (HPWS) and the lean production are representing the theoretical and methodological foundations of this paper. In this relation it is worth making distinction between various theoretical streams of the HPWS. The first theoretical stream in the literature is focusing on the diffusion of the Japanese-style management and organizational practices both in the US and in the Europe. The second theoretical strand comprises the approach of sociology of work and dealing with the learning/innovation capabilities of the new forms of work organization. Finally, the third theoretical approach is addressing on the types of knowledge and learning process and their relations with the innovation capabilities of the firm. The authors’ analysis is based on the international comparison, both in regional and in cross country comparison. For regional comparison the share of ICT clusters in Europe, USA and the rest of the world was assessed. For the purpose of the cross-country comparison in the EU, the innovation performance measured by the index Innovation Union Scoreboard (IUS) was used in both the before and after the financial crisis.

scholarly journals Better Strategies for Containing COVID-19 Epidemics–A Study of 25 Countries via an Extended SEIR Model

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jia Gu ◽  
Han Yan ◽  
Yaxuan Huang ◽  
Yuru Zhu ◽  
Haoxuan Sun ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Control Strategies ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
The Other ◽  
Seir Model ◽  
Country Comparison ◽  
Ample Opportunity ◽  
Reproduction Numbers ◽  
The Us ◽  
Cross Country ◽  
The Uk

We evaluate the effectiveness of COVID-19 control strategies of 25 countries which have endured more than four weeks of community infections. With an extended SEIR model that allows infections in both the exposed and infected states, the key epidemic parameters are estimated from each country’s data, which facilitate the evaluation and cross-country comparison. It is found quicker control measures significantly reduce the average reproduction numbers and shorten the time length to infection peaks. If the swift control measures of Korea and China were implemented, average reductions of 88% in the confirmed cases and 80% in deaths would had been attained for the other 23 countries from start to April 10. Effects of earlier or delayed interventions in the US and the UK are experimented which show at least 75% (29%) less infections and deaths can be attained for the US (the UK) under a Five-Day Earlier experiment. The impacts of two removal regimes (Korea and Italy) on the total infection and death tolls on the other countries are compared with the natural forecast ones, which suggest there are still ample opportunity for countries to reduce the final death numbers by improving the removal process.

What Managerial Skills Are Important for Success: A Cross-Country Comparison

2011 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexander Patterson ◽  
William A. Gentry ◽  
Sarah A. Stawiski ◽  
David C. Gilmore
Keyword(s):  
Managerial Skills ◽  
Country Comparison ◽  
Cross Country

Decision making in child welfare: A cross-country comparison

2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marit Skivenes ◽  
Jill Berrick ◽  
Tarja Poso ◽  
Sue Peckover
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Child Welfare ◽  
Country Comparison ◽  
Cross Country

Advances In Asthma Care

2003 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 87-90 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chris Garvey
Keyword(s):  
Healthcare Costs ◽  
Professional Organizations ◽  
Current Status ◽  
Asthma Care ◽  
Advanced Level ◽  
Clinical Criteria ◽  
Asthma Knowledge ◽  
The Past ◽  
The Us ◽  
Examination Process

Asthma rates in the US have risen during the past 25 years, as have asthma-related morbidity and healthcare costs. Professional organizations involved in asthma care have identified the need to assure that an advanced level of asthma knowledge and skill is available to patients with asthma, their families, and insurers. This need led to development of the certification for asthma educators. The Certified Asthma Educator (AE-C) must meet specific clinical criteria and pass a standardized examination designed to evaluate knowledge and skill for providing competent asthma education and coordination. The development and current status of the Certified Asthma Educator examination process and content are discussed, as are goals of the certification

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document