scholarly journals A Review of I–V Tracers for Photovoltaic Modules: Topologies and Challenges

Electronics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (11) ◽  
pp. 1283
Author(s):  
José Ignacio Morales-Aragonés ◽  
Miguel Dávila-Sacoto ◽  
Luis G. González ◽  
Víctor Alonso-Gómez ◽  
Sara Gallardo-Saavedra ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Photovoltaic Module ◽  
Power Performance ◽  
Electrical Parameters ◽  
Photovoltaic Modules ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
Current Voltage ◽  
Pv Modules ◽  
Electronic Elements ◽  
Topology Selection

Current–voltage (I–V) curve tracers are used for measuring voltage and current in photovoltaic (PV) modules. I–V curves allow identifying certain faults in the photovoltaic module, as well as quantifying the power performance of the device. I–V curve tracers are present in different topologies and configurations, by means of rheostats, capacitive loads, electronic loads, transistors, or by means of DC–DC converters. This article focuses on presenting all these configurations. The paper shows the electrical parameters to which the electronic elements of the equipment are exposed using LTSpice, facilitating the appropriate topology selection. Additionally, a comparison has been included between the different I–V tracers’ topologies, analyzing their advantages and disadvantages, considering different factors such as their flexibility, modularity, cost, precision, speed or rating, as well as the characteristics of the different DC–DC converters.

scholarly journals Design and implementation of an I-V curvetracer dedicated to characterize PV panels

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 2011
Author(s):  
Mansour Zegrar ◽  
M’hamed Houari Zerhouni ◽  
Mohamed Tarik Benmessaoud ◽  
Fatima Zohra Zerhouni
Keyword(s):  
Photovoltaic Effect ◽  
Experimental System ◽  
Experimental Results ◽  
Solar Irradiation ◽  
Photovoltaic Module ◽  
Solar Photovoltaic ◽  
Efficient Manner ◽  
Photovoltaic Modules ◽  
Curve Tracer ◽  
Current Voltage

In recent years, solar photovoltaic energy is becoming very important in the generation of green electricity. Solar photovoltaic effect directly converts solar radiation into electricity. The output of the photovoltaic module MPV depends on several factors as solar irradiation and cell temperature. A curve tracer is a system used to acquire the PV current-voltage characteristics, in real time, in an efficient manner. The shape of the I-V curve gives useful information about the possible anomalies of a PV device. This paper describes an experimental system developed to measure the current–voltage curve of a MPV under real conditions. The measurement is performed in an automated way. This present paper presents the design, and the construction of I-V simple curve tracer for photovoltaic modules. This device is important for photovoltaic (PV) performance assessment for the measurement, extraction, elaboration and diagnose of entire current-voltage I-V curves for several photovoltaic modules. This system permits to sweep the entire I-V curve, in short time, with different climatic and loads conditions. An experimental test bench is described. This tracer is simple and the experimental results present good performance. Simulation and experimental tests have been carried out. Experimental results presented good performance.

scholarly journals Mathematical Method for Parameters Calculation of electric Characteristic of Photovoltaic Module

2018 ◽  
Vol 3 (4) ◽  
pp. 190-200
Author(s):  
B. Benabdelkrim ◽  
A. Benatillah
Keyword(s):  
Standard Test ◽  
Photovoltaic Module ◽  
Unknown Parameters ◽  
Efficient Manner ◽  
Electric Characteristic ◽  
Precise Knowledge ◽  
Current Voltage ◽  
Pv Modules ◽  
Numerical Approaches ◽  
Parameters Calculation

The study of photovoltaic systems (PV) in an efficient manner requires a precise knowledge of the I-V characteristic curves of PV modules. An accurate current-voltage (I-V) model of PV modules is inherently implicit and non-linear and calls for iterative computations to obtain an analytical expression of current as a function of voltage. In this paper, numerical approaches are proposed to forecast the PV modules performance for engineering applications. The proposed approaches were implemented in a Matlab script and the results have been compared with the datasheet values provided by manufacturers in standard test conditions (STC). These approaches permit to extract the unknown parameters and also allow quantifying the effects of module temperature and irradiance on key cells parameters. In this work, a comparative study of the performance characteristics for different modules thin films and solid is analyzed by a single-diode equivalent circuit using four- and five-parameter models and two diode model.

scholarly journals Modeling of Photovoltaic Module Using the MATLAB

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
pp. 59-69
Author(s):  
Alok Dhaundiyal ◽  
Divine Atsu
Keyword(s):  
Standard Test ◽  
Electrical Performance ◽  
Photovoltaic Module ◽  
Solar Pv ◽  
Pv Module ◽  
Proposed Model ◽  
Current Voltage ◽  
Pv Modules ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Mathematical Model

This paper presents the modeling and simulation of the characteristics and electrical performance of photovoltaic (PV) solar modules. Genetic coding is applied to obtain the optimized values of parameters within the constraint limit using the software MATLAB. A single diode model is proposed, considering the series and shunt resistances, to study the impact of solar irradiance and temperature on the power-voltage (P-V) and current-voltage (I-V) characteristics and predict the output of solar PV modules. The validation of the model under the standard test conditions (STC) and different values of temperature and insolation is performed, as well as an evaluation using experimentally obtained data from outdoor operating PV modules. The obtained results are also subjected to comply with the manufacturer’s data to ensure that the proposed model does not violate the prescribed tolerance range. The range of variation in current and voltage lies in the domain of 8.21 – 8.5 A and 22 – 23 V, respectively; while the predicted solutions for current and voltage vary from 8.28 – 8.68 A and 23.79 – 24.44 V, respectively. The measured experimental power of the PV module estimated to be 148 – 152 W is predicted from the mathematical model and the obtained values of simulated solution are in the domain of 149 – 157 W. The proposed scheme was found to be very effective at determining the influence of input factors on the modules, which is difficult to determine through experimental means.

scholarly journals Assessment of Photovoltaic Surface Texturing on Transmittance Effects and Glint/Glare Impacts

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Julius Yellowhair ◽  
Clifford K. Ho
Keyword(s):  
Surface Roughness ◽  
Surface Texturing ◽  
Air Traffic ◽  
Photovoltaic Module ◽  
Roughness Parameters ◽  
Photovoltaic Modules ◽  
Standard Glass ◽  
Air Traffic Controllers ◽  
Pv Modules

Standard glass and polymer covers on photovoltaic modules can partially reflect the sunlight causing glint and glare. Glint and glare from large photovoltaic installations can be significant and have the potential to create hazards for motorists, air-traffic controllers and pilots flying near installations. In this work, the reflectance, surface roughness and reflected solar beam spread were measured from various photovoltaic modules acquired from seven different manufacturers. The surface texturing of the PV modules varied from smooth to roughly textured. Correlations between the measured surface texturing (roughness parameters) and beam spread (subtended angle) were determined. These correlations were then used to assess surface texturing effects on transmittance and ocular impacts of glare from photovoltaic module covers. The results can be used to drive the designs for photovoltaic surface texturing to improve transmittance and minimize glint/glare.

scholarly journals The Condition of Photovoltaic Modules under Random Operation Parameters

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (24) ◽  
pp. 8358
Author(s):  
Grzegorz Trzmiel ◽  
Jaroslaw Jajczyk ◽  
Ewa Kardas-Cinal ◽  
Norbert Chamier-Gliszczynski ◽  
Waldemar Wozniak ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Working Conditions ◽  
Original Method ◽  
Diagnostic Information ◽  
Photovoltaic Module ◽  
Operational Parameters ◽  
Efficient Tool ◽  
Residual Method ◽  
Photovoltaic Modules ◽  
Pv Modules ◽  
Operation Parameters

The paper presents an original method underlying an efficient tool for assessing the condition of photovoltaic (PV) modules, in particular, those made of amorphous cells. Significantly random changes in operational parameters characterize amorphous cell operation and cause them to be challenging to test, especially in working conditions. To develop the method, the authors modified the residual method with incorporated histograms. The proposed method has been verified through experiments that show the usefulness of the proposed approach. It significantly minimizes the risk of false diagnostic information in assessing the condition of photovoltaic modules. Based on the proposed methods, the inference results confirm the effectiveness of the concept for evaluating the degree of failure of the photovoltaic module described in the paper.

scholarly journals Application of “PolySwitch” fuses for the limitation of current overloads in photovoltaic systems of solar arrays

2018 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
pp. 77-82 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. V. Ivanchenko ◽  
A. S. Tonkoshkur ◽  
S. V. Mazurik
Keyword(s):  
Short Circuit ◽  
Electrical Energy ◽  
Complete Loss ◽  
Total Power ◽  
Photovoltaic Module ◽  
Photovoltaic Modules ◽  
Solar Arrays ◽  
Current Voltage ◽  
In Series ◽  
Parallel Connections

The results of experimental study of the transformation of the light current-voltage and volt-watt characteristics for the parallel connections of photovoltaic modules when using “PolySwitch” polymer resettable fuses are given. The conditions for selecting such fuses which allow their correctly triggering and minimize the current overload are formulated and experimentally verified. It is established that if resettable fuses are connected in series to the circuits of all photovoltaic modules, which are connected in parallel thus forming a unit, this prevents such a situation as the complete loss of electrical energy generated by this unit due to the short circuit of one of its modules. At the fuse triggering the total power loss of the unit of  parallelly connected photovoltaic modules is mainly determined by the decrease of its current by the amount that is equal to the current of the disconnected photovoltaic module.

scholarly journals A Non-Invasive Procedure for Estimating the Exponential Model Parameters of Bypass Diodes in Photovoltaic Modules

Energies ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 303 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeisson Vélez-Sánchez ◽  
Juan Bastidas-Rodríguez ◽  
Carlos Ramos-Paja ◽  
Daniel González Montoya ◽  
Luz Trejos-Grisales
Keyword(s):  
Invasive Procedure ◽  
Exponential Model ◽  
Model Parameters ◽  
Estimation Errors ◽  
Photovoltaic Modules ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Pv Module ◽  
Current Voltage ◽  
Pv Modules ◽  
Two Parameters

Bypass diodes (BDs) present in photovoltaic (PV) modules are represented by the exponential model, which requires two parameters: the inverse-saturation current ( I s a t , d b ) and the ideality factor ( η d b ). However, it is difficult to estimate those parameters since the terminals of the BDs are not isolated, hence there is only access to the series connection of the module BDs. This problem must be addressed since inaccurate BDs parameters could produce errors in the reproduction of the current-voltage (I-V) curves of commercial PV modules, which lead to wrong predictions of the power production. This paper proposes a non-invasive procedure to estimate I s a t , d b and η d b of the bypass diodes present in a PV module using two experimental I-V curves. One I-V curve is measured completely covering the submodule of the module whose BD will be parameterized; while the other I-V curve is measured without any shadow on the module. From those curves, the I-V curve of the BD is estimated and I s a t , d b and η d b are calculated by solving a system of two nonlinear equations. The proposed procedure is validated through simulations and experimental results considering a commercial PV module formed by three submodules, where the estimation errors in the reproduction of the BD I-V curve are less than 1% in the simulations and less than 10% in the experiments.

Multi-Criteria Decision-Making Tools for Selection Photovoltaic Modules

2018 ◽  
Vol 27 ◽  
pp. 147-151
Author(s):  
Gabriela Demian ◽  
Mihai Demian ◽  
Stefan Radu ◽  
Sandu Dubovan
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Optimal Solution ◽  
Photovoltaic Module ◽  
Multi Criteria Decision Making ◽  
Photovoltaic Modules ◽  
Decision Methods ◽  
Pv Modules ◽  
Criteria For Selection

This paper presents aplying a multi-criteria decision methods to evaluate an optimum photovoltaic module for the construction of a solar park. In this work, seven number of alternative of photovoltaic modules and four criteria for selection is used for the optimal solution. The result from the research demonstrate which of the analyzed PV modules is the most convenient to be used for construction of a solar park.

scholarly journals Study on Mitigation Method of Solder Corrosion for Crystalline Silicon Photovoltaic Modules

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ju-Hee Kim ◽  
Jongsung Park ◽  
Donghwan Kim ◽  
Nochang Park
Keyword(s):  
Crystalline Silicon ◽  
Corrosion Mechanism ◽  
Photovoltaic Modules ◽  
Pv Module ◽  
Oxidation Reduction ◽  
Voltage Mapping ◽  
Current Voltage ◽  
Pv Modules ◽  
Mapping Analysis ◽  
In Series

The corrosion of 62Sn36Pb2Ag solder connections poses serious difficulties for outdoor-exposed photovoltaic (PV) modules, as connection degradation contributes to the increase in series resistance (RS) of PV modules. In this study, we investigated a corrosion mitigation method based on the corrosion mechanism. The effect of added sacrificial metal on the reliability of PV modules was evaluated using the oxidation-reduction (redox) reaction under damp heat (DH) conditions. Experimental results after exposure to DH show that the main reason for the decrease in power was a drop in the module’s fill factor. This drop was attributed to the increase ofRS. The drop in output power of the PV module without added sacrificial metal is greater than that of the sample with sacrificial metal. Electroluminescence and current-voltage mapping analysis also show that the PV module with sacrificial metal experienced less degradation than the sample without sacrificial metal.

scholarly journals Mismatch Loss Reduction in Photovoltaic Arrays as a Result of Sorting Photovoltaic Modules by Max-Power Parameters

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Webber ◽  
E. Riley
Keyword(s):  
Data Sets ◽  
Economic Gain ◽  
Photovoltaic Modules ◽  
Monte Carlo Techniques ◽  
Pv Module ◽  
Photovoltaic Arrays ◽  
Current Voltage ◽  
Pv Modules ◽  
Mismatch Loss ◽  
High Level

Variations in photovoltaic (PV) module current-voltage curves result in a power loss in PV arrays often referred to as mismatch loss (MML). As a means of reducing MML, newly fabricated PV modules are sorted to meet a set tolerance for variation in overall maximum power output with respect to a given module’s rated power. Starting with flash test data sets for two different polycrystalline PV modules and a simulated sorting procedure, Monte Carlo techniques were used to generate a large number of artificial PV arrays. The MMLs for each of these arrays were then calculated to assess the sorting procedure’s ability to reduce MML. Overall MMLs were quite small (0.001–0.01%). Sorting by Imp resulted in the most consistent MML reductions. Sorting by Vmp yielded insignificant results. Sorting by Pmp yielded significant MML reduction in only one of the two PV module data sets. Analysis was conducted to quantify if additional sorting on top of what both manufacturers had already done would make economic sense. Based on high level economic analysis, it appears that additional sorting yields little economic gain; however, this is highly dependent upon manufacturer sorting cost.

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