scholarly journals Acoustic Simulation for Performance Evaluation of Ultrasonic Ranging Systems

Electronics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (11) ◽  
pp. 1298
Author(s):  
Riccardo Carotenuto ◽  
Fortunato Pezzimenti ◽  
Francesco G. Della Corte ◽  
Demetrio Iero ◽  
Massimo Merenda
Keyword(s):  
Signal To Noise Ratio ◽  
Emerging Market ◽  
Error Distribution ◽  
Simulation Software ◽  
Indoor Navigation ◽  
Positioning Systems ◽  
Acoustic Simulation ◽  
Cumulative Error ◽  
Ranging Error ◽  
Ultrasonic Ranging

The recent growing interest in indoor positioning applications has paved the way for the development of new and more accurate positioning techniques. The envisioned applications, include people and asset tracking, indoor navigation, as well as other emerging market applications, require fast and precise positioning. To this end, the effectiveness and high accuracy and refresh rate of positioning systems based on ultrasonic signals have been already demonstrated. Typically, positioning is obtained by combining multiple ranging. In this work, it is shown that the performance of a given ultrasonic airborne ranging technique can be thoroughly analyzed using renowned academic acoustic simulation software, originally conceived for the simulation of echographic transducers and systems. Here, in order to show that the acoustic simulation software can be profitably applied to ranging systems in air, an example is provided. Simulations are performed for a typical ultrasonic chirp, from an ultrasound emitter, in a typical office room. The ranging performances are evaluated, including the effects of acoustic diffraction and air frequency dependent absorption, when the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) decreases from 30 to −20 dB. The ranging error, computed over a point grid in the space, and the ranging cumulative error distribution is shown for different SNR levels. The proposed approach allowed us to estimate a ranging error of about 0.34 mm when the SNR is greater than 0 dB. For SNR levels down to −10 dB, the cumulative error distribution shows an error below 5 mm, while for lower SNR, the error can be unlimited.

scholarly journals Simulating Signal Aberration and Ranging Error for Ultrasonic Indoor Positioning

Sensors ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (12) ◽  
pp. 3548
Author(s):  
Riccardo Carotenuto ◽  
Massimo Merenda ◽  
Demetrio Iero ◽  
Francesco G. Della Corte
Keyword(s):  
Cross Correlation ◽  
Indoor Positioning ◽  
Simulation Software ◽  
Reference Points ◽  
Signal Shape ◽  
Positioning Systems ◽  
Acoustic Simulation ◽  
Ranging Error ◽  
Acoustic Diffraction ◽  
Shape And Size

Increasing efforts toward the development of positioning techniques testify the growing interest for indoor position-based applications and services. Many applications require accurate indoor positioning or tracking of people and assets, and some market sectors are starting a rapid growth of products based on these technologies. Ultrasonic systems have already been demonstrating their effectiveness and to possess the desired positioning accuracy and refresh rates. In this work, it is shown that a typical signal used in ultrasonic positioning systems to estimate the range between the target and reference points—namely, the linear chirp—due to the effects of acoustic diffraction, in some cases, undergoes a shape aberration, depending on the shape and size of the transducer and on the angle under which the transducer is seen by the receiver. In the presence of such signal shape aberrations, even one of the most robust ranging techniques, which is based on cross-correlation, provides results affected by a much greater error than expected. Numerical simulations are carried out for a typical ultrasonic chirp, ultrasonic emitter, and range technique based on cross-correlation and for a typical office room, obtained using the academic acoustic simulation software Field II. Spatial distributions of the ranging error are provided, clearly showing the favorable low error regions. The work demonstrates that particular attention must be paid to the design of the acoustic section of the ultrasonic positioning systems, considering both the shape and size of the ultrasonic emitters and the shape of the acoustic signal used.

scholarly journals Inter-UAV Routing Scheme Testbeds

Drones ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 2
Author(s):  
Georgios Amponis ◽  
Thomas Lagkas ◽  
Panagiotis Sarigiannidis ◽  
Vasileios Vitsas ◽  
Panagiotis Fouliras
Keyword(s):  
Signal To Noise Ratio ◽  
Real Life ◽  
Simulation Software ◽  
Propagation Models ◽  
Routing Schemes ◽  
Routing Scheme ◽  
Related Information ◽  
Efficient Control ◽  
Communication Architectures ◽  
Scheme Evaluation

With the development of more advanced and efficient control algorithms and communication architectures, UAVs and networks thereof (swarms) now find applications in nearly all possible environments and scenarios. There exist numerous schemes which accommodate routing for such networks, many of which are specifically designed for distinct use-cases. Validation and evaluation of routing schemes is implemented for the most part using simulation software. This approach is however incapable of considering real-life noise, radio propagation models, channel bit error rate and signal-to-noise ratio. Most importantly, existing frameworks or simulation software cannot sense physical-layer related information regarding power consumption which an increasing number of routing protocols utilize as a metric. The work presented in this paper contributes to the analysis of already existing routing scheme evaluation frameworks and testbeds and proposes an efficient, universal and standardized hardware testbed. Additionally, three interface modes aimed at evaluation under different scenarios are provided.

scholarly journals INDOOR NAVIGATION AND MAPPING: PERFORMANCE ANALYSIS OF UWB-BASED PLATFORM POSITIONING

2020 ◽  
Vol XLIII-B1-2020 ◽  
pp. 549-555
Author(s):  
A. Masiero ◽  
H. Perakis ◽  
J. Gabela ◽  
C. Toth ◽  
V. Gikas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Wide Band ◽  
Indoor Navigation ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Navigation Systems ◽  
Positioning Systems ◽  
Localization And Mapping ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Increasing Demand ◽  
Slam Algorithm ◽  
Tof Camera

Abstract. The increasing demand for reliable indoor navigation systems is leading the research community to investigate various approaches to obtain effective solutions usable with mobile devices. Among the recently proposed strategies, Ultra-Wide Band (UWB) positioning systems are worth to be mentioned because of their good performance in a wide range of operating conditions. However, such performance can be significantly degraded by large UWB range errors; mostly, due to non-line-of-sight (NLOS) measurements. This paper considers the integration of UWB with vision to support navigation and mapping applications. In particular, this work compares positioning results obtained with a simultaneous localization and mapping (SLAM) algorithm, exploiting a standard and a Time-of-Flight (ToF) camera, with those obtained with UWB, and then with the integration of UWB and vision. For the latter, a deep learning-based recognition approach was developed to detect UWB devices in camera frames. Such information is both introduced in the navigation algorithm and used to detect NLOS UWB measurements. The integration of this information allowed a 20% positioning error reduction in this case study.

scholarly journals THE GENERATION OF BUILDING FLOOR PLANS USING PORTABLE AND UNMANNED AERIAL VEHICLE MAPPING SYSTEMS

2016 ◽  
Vol XLI-B4 ◽  
pp. 331-337
Author(s):  
G. J. Tsai ◽  
Y. L. Chen ◽  
K. W. Chiang ◽  
Y. C. Lai
Keyword(s):  
Coordinate System ◽  
Indoor Navigation ◽  
Location Based Services ◽  
Survey Method ◽  
Mapping Technique ◽  
Positioning Systems ◽  
Mapping System ◽  
Floor Plans ◽  
Control Survey ◽  
Mapping Systems

Indoor navigation or positioning systems have been widely developed for Location-Based Services (LBS) applications and they come along with a keen demand of indoor floor plans for displaying results even improving the positioning performance. Generally, the floor plans produced by robot mapping focus on perceiving the environment to avoid obstacles and using the feature landmarks to update the robot position in the relative coordinate frame. These maps are not accurate enough to incorporate to the indoor positioning system. This study aims at developing Indoor Mobile Mapping System (Indoor MMS) and concentrates on generating the highly accurate floor plans based on the robot mapping technique using the portable, robot and Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAV) platform. The proposed portable mapping system prototype can be used in the chest package and the handheld approach. In order to evaluate and correct the generated floor plans from robot mapping techniques, this study builds the testing and calibration field using the outdoor control survey method implemented in the indoor environments. Based on control points and check points from control survey, this study presents the map rectification method that uses the affine transformation to solve the scale and deformation problems and also transfer the local coordinate system into world standard coordinate system. The preliminary results illustrate that the final version of the building floor plan reach 1 meter absolute positioning accuracy using the proposed mapping systems that combines with the novel map rectification approach proposed. These maps are well geo-referenced with world coordinate system thus it can be applied for future seamless navigation applications including indoor and outdoor scenarios.

scholarly journals INDOOR NAVIGATION ASSISTANCE SYSTEM USING BLUETOOTH

2016 ◽  
pp. 44-45
Author(s):  
APURVA MEHTA ◽  
D. D. PUKALE ◽  
RADHIKA BHAGAT ◽  
RUJAL SHAH
Keyword(s):  
Short Range ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Indoor Navigation ◽  
Assistance System ◽  
Navigation Systems ◽  
Positioning Systems ◽  
Navigation Assistance ◽  
The Past ◽  
Current Location ◽  
Global Positioning

In the past few years, a number of ideas have been proposed for indoor navigation systems. These ideas were not as widely implemented as outdoor positioning systems like GPS(Global Positioning Systems). We propose an indoor navigation assistance system using Bluetooth which is low cost and feasible to use in daily life. Our system enables users with handheld mobile devices to steer with ease through the indoor premises using the short range radio frequencies of Bluetooth. It also establishes user’s current location and the various paths leading to the destination. Dijkstra’s algorithm is used to determine the shortest path from the source to the required destination.

Research of Single Cavity Exhaust Muffler Based on AML and CFD Method

2014 ◽  
Vol 926-930 ◽  
pp. 3179-3182
Author(s):  
Huai Hui Du ◽  
Yu Hong Long ◽  
Jun Liang Liu ◽  
Wen Shang Li ◽  
Jie Cai
Keyword(s):  
Pressure Loss ◽  
Transmission Loss ◽  
Simulation Software ◽  
Fluid Simulation ◽  
Local Pressure ◽  
Acoustic Simulation ◽  
Virtual Lab ◽  
Cfd Method ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Single Cavity

Two mufflers of single exhaust muffler and double exhaust muffler were researched based on the method of AML technology of acoustic simulation software LMS Virtual lab and got transmission loss graph of the two mufflers, indicating that the single exhaust muffler had better effect of noise reduction. Then the fluid simulation was carried out on two mufflers and velocity and pressure cloud maps were draw based on the method of computational fluid dynamics in FLUENT. It is pointed out that the double exhaust muffler is slightly greater than the single exhaust muffler on pressure loss, this is because the airflow in single exhaust muffler is mainly jet flow and the pressure loss is mainly local pressure loss, while the airflow of double exhaust muffler is mainly rotary flow and the pressure loss is mainly frictional pressure loss. The impact that the airflow has on the cavity of the double exhaust muffler is higher.

scholarly journals Selected qualities of mobile maps for indoor navigation

2019 ◽  
Vol 51 (4) ◽  
pp. 155-165
Author(s):  
Dariusz Gotlib
Keyword(s):  
Navigation System ◽  
Data Model ◽  
Indoor Navigation ◽  
Navigation Systems ◽  
Stages Of Development ◽  
Positioning Systems ◽  
Presentation Method ◽  
Dynamic Growth ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Mobile Maps

Abstract The map is the key element in any navigation system. The dynamic growth of indoor navigation systems requires improvements in quality not only of positioning systems but also of maps of building interiors. Most emergent solutions in this field do not use cartographic knowledge. Cartographic methodology for representing building interiors is still in its initial stages of development. Its proper use may, however, be of great importance to the effectiveness of indoor navigation. The author presents important features that indoor mobile maps should possess, for both the data model and the presentation method to be used. In this context, the question of the contemporary definition of a map is also discussed.

scholarly journals THE GENERATION OF BUILDING FLOOR PLANS USING PORTABLE AND UNMANNED AERIAL VEHICLE MAPPING SYSTEMS

2016 ◽  
Vol XLI-B4 ◽  
pp. 331-337
Author(s):  
G. J. Tsai ◽  
Y. L. Chen ◽  
K. W. Chiang ◽  
Y. C. Lai
Keyword(s):  
Coordinate System ◽  
Indoor Navigation ◽  
Location Based Services ◽  
Survey Method ◽  
Mapping Technique ◽  
Positioning Systems ◽  
Mapping System ◽  
Floor Plans ◽  
Control Survey ◽  
Mapping Systems

Indoor navigation or positioning systems have been widely developed for Location-Based Services (LBS) applications and they come along with a keen demand of indoor floor plans for displaying results even improving the positioning performance. Generally, the floor plans produced by robot mapping focus on perceiving the environment to avoid obstacles and using the feature landmarks to update the robot position in the relative coordinate frame. These maps are not accurate enough to incorporate to the indoor positioning system. This study aims at developing Indoor Mobile Mapping System (Indoor MMS) and concentrates on generating the highly accurate floor plans based on the robot mapping technique using the portable, robot and Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAV) platform. The proposed portable mapping system prototype can be used in the chest package and the handheld approach. In order to evaluate and correct the generated floor plans from robot mapping techniques, this study builds the testing and calibration field using the outdoor control survey method implemented in the indoor environments. Based on control points and check points from control survey, this study presents the map rectification method that uses the affine transformation to solve the scale and deformation problems and also transfer the local coordinate system into world standard coordinate system. The preliminary results illustrate that the final version of the building floor plan reach 1 meter absolute positioning accuracy using the proposed mapping systems that combines with the novel map rectification approach proposed. These maps are well geo-referenced with world coordinate system thus it can be applied for future seamless navigation applications including indoor and outdoor scenarios.

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