scholarly journals Balancing Awareness and Congestion in Vehicular Networks Using Variable Transmission Power

Electronics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (16) ◽  
pp. 1902
Author(s):  
Xiaofeng Liu ◽  
Ben St. Amour ◽  
Arunita Jaekel
Keyword(s):  
Vehicular Networks ◽  
Vehicular Ad Hoc Networks ◽  
Ad Hoc ◽  
Transmission Power ◽  
Vehicular Communication ◽  
Congestion Control Algorithm ◽  
Variable Transmission ◽  
Hoc Networks ◽  
High Level ◽  
Safety Applications

Vehicular ad Hoc networks (VANETs) support a variety of applications ranging from critical safety applications to “infotainment” or “comfort” applications. In North America, 75 MHz of the spectrum in the 5.9 GHz band has been allocated for vehicular communication. Safety applications rely on event-driven “alert” messages as well as the periodic broadcast of Basic Safety Messages (BSMs) containing critical information, e.g., position, speed, and heading from participating vehicles. The limited channel capacity and high message rates needed to ensure an adequate level of awareness make the reliable delivery of BSMs a challenging problem for VANETs. In this paper, we propose a decentralized congestion control algorithm that uses variable transmission power levels to reduce the channel busy ratio while maintaining a high level of awareness for nearby vehicles. The simulation results indicate that the proposed approach is able to achieve a suitable balance between awareness and bandwidth usage.

scholarly journals Evaluation of Content Dissemination Strategies in Urban Vehicular Networks

Information ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 163 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gonçalo Pessoa ◽  
Lucas Guardalben ◽  
Miguel Luís ◽  
Carlos Senna ◽  
Susana Sargento
Keyword(s):  
Vehicular Networks ◽  
Information Dissemination ◽  
Vehicular Ad Hoc Networks ◽  
Ad Hoc ◽  
Superior Performance ◽  
Content Dissemination ◽  
Parking Lot ◽  
Hoc Networks ◽  
New Applications ◽  
Safety Applications

The main drivers for the continuous development of Vehicular ad-hoc Networks (VANETs) are safety applications and services. However, in recent years, new interests have emerged regarding the introduction of new applications and services for non-urgent content (e.g., videos, ads, sensing and touristic information) dissemination. However, there is a lack of real studies considering content dissemination strategies to understand when and to whom the content should be disseminated using real vehicular traces gathered from real vehicular networks. This work presents a realistic study of strategies for dissemination of non-urgent content with the main goal of improving content delivery as well as minimizing network congestion and resource usage. First, we perform an exhaustive network characterization. Then, several content strategies are specified and evaluated in different scenarios (city center and parking lot). All the obtained results show that there are two content distribution strategies that clearly set themselves apart due to their superior performance: Local Rarest Bundle First and Local Rarest Generation First.

Development of Applications for Vehicular Communication Network Environments

2012 ◽  
pp. 183-204 ◽  
Author(s):  
JA Guerrero-Ibáñez ◽  
C Flores-Cortés ◽  
P Damián-Reyes
Keyword(s):  
Vehicular Networks ◽  
Vehicular Ad Hoc Networks ◽  
Ad Hoc ◽  
Modern Society ◽  
Transportation Systems ◽  
Sustainable Transportation ◽  
Vehicular Communication ◽  
Global Vision ◽  
Radio Transmitters ◽  
Hoc Networks

Nowadays, modern society faces serious problems with transportation systems. There are more traffic jams, accidents, and fatalities, and CO2 emissions are increasing fast. Thus, improving the safety and efficiency of transportation systems is imperative. Developing a sustainable transportation system requires a better usage of the existing infrastructure, the adoption of emerging technologies (e.g. embedded devices, sensors, and short range radio transmitters), and the development of applications capable of operating in wireless and spontaneous networks. This chapter gives readers a global vision of the issues related to the development of applications for vehicular ad-hoc networks(VANET). It also presents a classification and an overview of the top-level application domain. In addition, it investigates the importance of information in vehicular networks and analyses the requirements for different types of vehicular applications. Finally, the communication schemes that underpin the operation of VANET applications, as well as the security threats they are exposed to, are studied.

Vehicular Communication Network Environments

2017 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 24-45
Author(s):  
J.A. Guerrero-Ibáñez ◽  
J. Contreras-Castillo
Keyword(s):  
Vehicular Networks ◽  
Vehicular Ad Hoc Networks ◽  
Ad Hoc ◽  
Modern Society ◽  
Transportation Systems ◽  
Sustainable Transportation ◽  
Vehicular Communication ◽  
Global Vision ◽  
Radio Transmitters ◽  
Hoc Networks

Modern society is facing serious problems with the transportation systems given the increase in traffic jams, accidents, fatalities and CO2 emissions. Thus, improving the safety and efficiency of transportation systems is imperative. Developing a sustainable transportation system requires a better usage of the existing infrastructure, the adoption of emerging technologies (e.g. embedded devices, sensors and short-range radio transmitters) and the development of applications capable of operating in wireless and spontaneous networks. In this paper, the authors give readers a global vision of the challenges and issues related to the development of applications for vehicular ad-hoc networks (VANET). It also presents a classification of applications and an overview of the top-level application domain. In addition, it investigates the importance of information in vehicular networks and analyses the requirements for different types of vehicular applications placing them in a table which summarized the findings. Finally, the communication schemes that underpin the operation of VANET applications as well as the security threats they are exposed to are studied.

scholarly journals A Cooperative Communication Protocol for QoS Provisioning in IEEE 802.11p/Wave Vehicular Networks

Sensors ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 18 (11) ◽  
pp. 3622 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jin-Woo Kim ◽  
Jae-Wan Kim ◽  
Dong-Keun Jeon
Keyword(s):  
Cooperative Communication ◽  
Vehicular Networks ◽  
Vehicular Ad Hoc Networks ◽  
Ad Hoc ◽  
Communication Protocol ◽  
Ieee 802.11P ◽  
The Road ◽  
Free Data ◽  
On The Road ◽  
Hoc Networks

Vehicular ad hoc networks (VANETs) provide information and entertainment to drivers for safe and enjoyable driving. Wireless Access in Vehicular Environments (WAVE) is designed for VANETs to provide services efficiently. In particular, infotainment services are crucial to leverage market penetration and deployment costs of the WAVE standard. However, a low presence of infrastructure results in a shadow zone on the road and a link disconnection. The link disconnection is an obstacle to providing safety and infotainment services and becomes an obstacle to the deployment of the WAVE standard. In this paper, we propose a cooperative communication protocol to reduce performance degradation due to frequent link disconnection in the road environment. The proposed protocol provides contention-free data delivery by the coordination of roadside units (RSUs) and can provide the network QoS. The proposed protocol is shown to enhance throughput and delay through the simulation.

scholarly journals METRICS FOR PERFORMANCE EVALUATION OF SAFETY APPLICATIONS IN VEHICULAR AD HOC NETWORKS

Transport ◽  
2008 ◽  
Vol 23 (4) ◽  
pp. 291-298 ◽  
Author(s):  
Saleh Yousefi ◽  
Mahmood Fathy
Keyword(s):  
Performance Evaluation ◽  
Ad Hoc Network ◽  
Vehicular Ad Hoc Networks ◽  
Ad Hoc ◽  
Road Traffic ◽  
Real Life ◽  
Message Exchange ◽  
To Come ◽  
Hoc Networks ◽  
Safety Applications

In the recent years, direct message exchange between vehicles in order to improve the safety of road traffic has been attracting lots of interest in both networking and road safety communities. While travelling on a road, vehicles form an ad hoc network called Vehicular Ad hoc NETwork (VANET) and deploy life safety applications. Evaluating the performance of these applications is primordial for realizing VANETs in real life. Current literature lacks efficient ways to evaluate the performance of safety applications and mostly leverages on classical networking metrics like delay, delivery rate etc. In this paper, we consider both networking and safety concerns simultaneously to come up with more efficient methods. In particular, we first point out the significance of fairness and coverage from safety viewpoint. Then, we introduce two new metrics called beaconing rate and effective range aiming at providing more facilities for safety performance evaluation in VANET s research. Furthermore, realizing special characteristics of safety applications while disseminating beacon messages, we study the way that beacon dissemination protocols affect the performance of safety applications. We then conduct extensive simulation study to show the usefulness of the introduced metrics and derive some insights on the feasibility of driver‐assistant safety applications. Our evaluation also shows that sending the aggregated status of neighbouring vehicles in addition to vehicle's own status, and instead, increasing beacon transmission interval may be invoked in order to assist safety applications in providing satisfactory services to drivers.

scholarly journals A routing protocol for urban vehicular ad hoc networks to support non-safety applications

2018 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 189-199 ◽  
Author(s):  
S.K. Bhoi ◽  
P.M. Khilar ◽  
M. Singh ◽  
R.R. Sahoo ◽  
R.R. Swain
Keyword(s):  
Ad Hoc Networks ◽  
Routing Protocol ◽  
Vehicular Ad Hoc Networks ◽  
Ad Hoc ◽  
Hoc Networks ◽  
Safety Applications

Vehicular Cloud Computing

2014 ◽  
pp. 262-274 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kayhan Zrar Ghafoor ◽  
Marwan Aziz Mohammed ◽  
Kamalrulnizam Abu Bakar ◽  
Ali Safa Sadiq ◽  
Jaime Lloret
Keyword(s):  
Cloud Computing ◽  
Vehicular Networks ◽  
Vehicular Ad Hoc Networks ◽  
Ad Hoc ◽  
Vehicular Cloud Computing ◽  
Vehicular Cloud ◽  
Performance Improvements ◽  
Potential Applications ◽  
Research Outcome ◽  
Hoc Networks

Recently, Vehicular Ad Hoc Networks (VANET) have attracted the attention of research communities, leading car manufacturers, and governments due to their potential applications and specific characteristics. Their research outcome was started with awareness between vehicles for collision avoidance and Internet access and then expanded to vehicular multimedia communications. Moreover, vehicles’ high computation, communication, and storage resources set a ground for vehicular networks to deploy these applications in the near future. Nevertheless, on-board resources in vehicles are mostly underutilized. Vehicular Cloud Computing (VCC) is developed to utilize the VANET resources efficiently and provide subscribers safe infotainment services. In this chapter, the authors perform a survey of state-of-the-art vehicular cloud computing as well as the existing techniques that utilize cloud computing for performance improvements in VANET. The authors then classify the VCC based on the applications, service types, and vehicular cloud organization. They present the detail for each VCC application and formation. Lastly, the authors discuss the open issues and research directions related to VANET cloud computing.

Privacy Protection in Vehicular Ad-Hoc Networks

2014 ◽  
pp. 295-332
Author(s):  
Gongjun Yan ◽  
Danda B. Rawat ◽  
Bhed Bahadur Bista ◽  
Wu He ◽  
Awny Alnusair
Keyword(s):  
Privacy Protection ◽  
Capacity Planning ◽  
Vehicular Networks ◽  
Vehicular Ad Hoc Networks ◽  
Ad Hoc ◽  
Geographic Area ◽  
Time Varying ◽  
Detailed Simulation ◽  
A Cell ◽  
Hoc Networks

The first main contribution of this chapter is to take a non-trivial step towards providing a robust and scalable solution to privacy protection in vehicular networks. To promote scalability and robustness the authors employ two strategies. First, they view vehicular networks as consisting of non-overlapping subnetworks, each local to a geographic area referred to as a cell. Each cell has a server that maintains a list of pseudonyms that are valid for use in the cell. Each pseudonym has two components: the cell’s ID and a random number as host ID. Instead of issuing pseudonyms to vehicles proactively (as virtually all existing schemes do) the authors issue pseudonyms only to those vehicles that request them. This strategy is suggested by the fact that, in a typical scenario, only a fraction of the vehicles in an area will engage in communication with other vehicles and/or with the infrastructure and, therefore, do not need pseudonyms. The second main contribution is to model analytically the time-varying request for pseudonyms in a given cell. This is important for capacity planning purposes since it allows system managers to predict, by taking into account the time-varying attributes of the traffic, the probability that a given number of pseudonyms will be required at a certain time as well as the expected number of pseudonyms in use in a cell at a certain time. Empirical results obtained by detailed simulation confirm the accuracy of the authors’ analytical predictions.

Medium Access Protocols for Cooperative Collision Avoidance in Vehicular Ad-Hoc Networks

2013 ◽  
pp. 354-375
Author(s):  
Md. Imrul Hassan ◽  
Hai L. Vu ◽  
Taka Sakurai
Keyword(s):  
Collision Avoidance ◽  
Road Safety ◽  
Vehicular Ad Hoc Networks ◽  
Ad Hoc ◽  
Mac Protocol ◽  
Dynamic Networks ◽  
Medium Access ◽  
Vehicle To Vehicle ◽  
Hoc Networks ◽  
Safety Applications

It is envisaged that supporting vehicle-to-vehicle and vehicle-to-infrastructure communications with a Vehicular Ad-Hoc Network (VANET) can improve road safety and increase transportation efficiency. Among the candidate applications of VANETs, cooperative collision avoidance (CCA) has attracted considerable interest as it can significantly improve road safety. Due to the ad hoc nature of these highly dynamic networks, no central coordination or handshaking protocol can be assumed and safety applications must broadcast information of interest to many surrounding cars by sharing a single channel in a distributed manner. This gives rise to one of the key challenges in vehicle-to-vehicle communication systems, namely, the development of an efficient and reliable medium access control (MAC) protocol for CCA. In this chapter, we provide an overview of proposed MAC protocols for VANETs and describe current standardization activities. We then focus on the performance of the IEEE 802.11 carrier sense multiple access (CSMA) based MAC protocol that is being standardized by the IEEE standards body for VANET applications. In particular, we review prominent existing analytical models and study their advantages, disadvantages and their suitability for performance evaluation of the MAC protocol for VANETs. After a discussion of the shortcomings of these models, we develop a new analytical model in the second half of the chapter. Explicit expressions are derived for the mean and standard deviation of the packet delay, as well as for the packet delivery ratio (PDR) at the MAC layer in an unsaturated network formed by moving vehicles on a highway. We validate the analytical results using extensive simulations and show that good accuracy can be achieved with the proposed model for a range of topologies and traffic load conditions. More importantly, using the model, we show that hidden terminals can have a severe, detrimental impact on the PDR, which may compromise the reliability required for safety applications.

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