scholarly journals Automatic Estimation of Food Intake Amount Using Visual and Ultrasonic Signals

Electronics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (17) ◽  
pp. 2153
Author(s):  
Ki-Seung Lee
Keyword(s):  
Food Intake ◽  
Metabolic Diseases ◽  
Ultrasonic Method ◽  
Audio Signal ◽  
Neck Region ◽  
External Noise ◽  
Estimation Accuracy ◽  
The Face ◽  
Noise Robust ◽  
Contact Sensing

The continuous monitoring and recording of food intake amount without user intervention is very useful in the prevention of obesity and metabolic diseases. I adopted a technique that automatically recognizes food intake amount by combining the identification of food types through image recognition and a technique that uses acoustic modality to recognize chewing events. The accuracy of using audio signal to detect eating activity is seriously degraded in a noisy environment. To alleviate this problem, contact sensing methods have conventionally been adopted, wherein sensors are attached to the face or neck region to reduce external noise. Such sensing methods, however, cause dermatological discomfort and a feeling of cosmetic unnaturalness for most users. In this study, a noise-robust and non-contact sensing method was employed, wherein ultrasonic Doppler shifts were used to detect chewing events. The experimental results showed that the mean absolute percentage errors (MAPEs) of an ultrasonic-based method were comparable with those of the audio-based method (15.3 vs. 14.6) when 30 food items were used for experiments. The food intake amounts were estimated for eight subjects in several noisy environments (cafeterias, restaurants, and home dining rooms). For all subjects, the estimation accuracy of the ultrasonic method was not degraded (the average MAPE was 15.02) even under noisy conditions. These results show that the proposed method has the potential to replace the manual logging method.

Roux-en-Y Gastrointestinal Bypass Promotes Activation of TGR5 and Peptide YY

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (8) ◽  
pp. 1262-1267
Author(s):  
Haojun Yang ◽  
Hanyang Liu ◽  
YuWen Jiao ◽  
Jun Qian
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Food Intake ◽  
Metabolic Diseases ◽  
Peptide Yy ◽  
The Body ◽  
Wild Type ◽  
L Cells ◽  
Body Weights ◽  
Gastrointestinal Bypass ◽  
G Protein Coupled

Background: G protein-coupled bile acid receptor (TGR5) is involved in a number of metabolic diseases. The aim of this study was to identify the role of TGR5 after Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (GBP). Methods: Wild type and TGR5 knockout mice (tgr5-/-) were fed a high-fat diet (HFD) to establish the obesity model. GBP was performed. The changes in body weight and food intake were measured. The levels of TGR5 and peptide YY (PYY) were evaluated by RT-PCR, Western blot, and ELISA. Moreover, the L-cells were separated from wild type and tgr5-/- mice. The levels of PYY in L-cells were evaluated by ELISA. Results: The body weights were significantly decreased after GBP in wild type mice (p<0.05), but not tgr5-/- mice (p>0.05). Food intake was reduced after GBP in wild type mice, but also not significantly affected in tgr5-/- mice (p>0.05). The levels of PYY were significantly increased after GBP compared with the sham group (p<0.05); however, in tgr5-/- mice the expression of PYY was not significantly affected (p>0.05). After INT-777 stimulation in L-cells obtained from murine intestines, the levels of PYY were significantly increased in L-cells tgr5+/+ (p<0.05). Conclusion: Our study suggests that GBP up-regulated the expression of TGR5 in murine intestines, and increased the levels of PYY, which further reduced food intake and decreased the body weight.

scholarly journals Infantile haemangioma: 5-year experience at the vascular anomaly clinic

2021 ◽  
Vol 69 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Amr Abdelhamid AbouZeid ◽  
Iman A. Ragab ◽  
Shaimaa Abdelsattar Mohammad ◽  
Wael Ahmed Ghanem ◽  
Haytham Mohamed Nasser ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Neck Region ◽  
Vascular Anomaly ◽  
Paediatric Population ◽  
Favourable Outcome ◽  
Tumour Regression ◽  
Main Body ◽  
Female Predominance ◽  
The Face ◽  
Spontaneous Involution ◽  
Infantile Haemangiomas

Abstract Background Infantile haemangiomas (IH) represent a common benign vascular tumour affecting the paediatric population. Infantile haemangiomas are characterised by a natural history differentiating it from other vascular anomalies. After a transient proliferative phase in early infancy, the tumour passes through a plateau phase before going into spontaneous involution. In this report, we tried to share our experience over the last 5 years in managing cases presenting with IH at a specialised vascular anomaly clinic. Main body of abstract This report included cases of IH who were attending the vascular anomaly clinic during the period 2015 through 2019. Data of all patients attending the clinic were retrospectively examined. Files of 103 cases with IH were available for review. The diagnosis of IH was usually straight forward owing to the typical history and characteristic findings at clinical examination. A significant female predominance was noticed. Generally, IH were more common in the head and neck region (70%). Active intervention was necessary in specific situations (eye occlusion, airway involvement, large lesions with skin ulcerations). Whenever intervention proved to be necessary, propranolol was chosen as the first line of treatment with a favourable response detected in about 90% of cases. Surgery was still a valid option (6%) for lesions amenable to resection; however, we must put in consideration that most lesions will spontaneously regress. Conclusion Infantile haemangiomas are common benign vascular tumours of infancy with relatively few complications. Cosmesis is a major concern especially for lesions affecting the face. Propranolol can induce tumour regression in most cases, and generally, a favourable outcome can be anticipated.

An investigation of the face validity of a food intake questionnaire: lessons for dietary advice

1999 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 307-316 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. Johnson ◽  
A. F. Hackett ◽  
A. Bibby ◽  
J. Cross
Keyword(s):  
Food Intake ◽  
Face Validity ◽  
Dietary Advice ◽  
The Face

Noma and Necrotizing Fasciitis of the Face and Neck

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lauren E. Miller ◽  
David A. Shaye
Keyword(s):  
Soft Tissue ◽  
Necrotizing Fasciitis ◽  
Head And Neck ◽  
Subcutaneous Tissue ◽  
Neck Region ◽  
Superficial Fascia ◽  
Soft Tissue Infections ◽  
Head And Neck Region ◽  
Necrotizing Soft Tissue Infections ◽  
The Face

AbstractNecrotizing fasciitis (NF) is part of the class of necrotizing soft tissue infections characterized by rapid fascial spread and necrosis of the skin, subcutaneous tissue, and superficial fascia. If left untreated, NF can rapidly deteriorate into multiorgan shock and systemic failure. NF most commonly infects the trunk and lower extremities, although it can sometimes present in the head and neck region. This review provides an overview of NF as it relates specifically to the head and neck region, including its associated clinical features and options for treatment. Noma, a related but relatively unknown disease, is then described along with its relationship with severe poverty.

scholarly journals Chondroid syringoma of the upper lip: a rare entity

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (10) ◽  
pp. 1900
Author(s):  
Ashiya Goel ◽  
Aman . ◽  
Vinny Raheja ◽  
Manisha Kumari
Keyword(s):  
Differential Diagnosis ◽  
Normal Tissue ◽  
Neck Region ◽  
Rare Entity ◽  
Upper Lip ◽  
Head And Neck Region ◽  
Chondroid Syringoma ◽  
The Face ◽  
Slow Growing

<p class="abstract"><span lang="EN-US">Chondroid syringomas are uncommon cutaneous neoplasms of sweat gland origin which are slow-growing, nontender, subcutaneous or intracutaneous in location and often occurring in the head and neck region. Chondroid syringoma should be considered in the differential diagnosis of any subcutaneous nodule over the face. The clinician may miss the diagnosis of this lesion and if it is suspected, tumour should be excised with a margin of normal tissue and regular follow up should be done.</span></p>

scholarly journals Uneven balance of power between hypothalamic peptidergic neurons in the control of feeding

2018 ◽  
Vol 115 (40) ◽  
pp. E9489-E9498 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qiang Wei ◽  
David M. Krolewski ◽  
Shannon Moore ◽  
Vivek Kumar ◽  
Fei Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Food Intake ◽  
Feeding Behavior ◽  
Dynamic Balance ◽  
Endogenous Opioid System ◽  
Endogenous Opioid ◽  
Neuronal Projection ◽  
Functional Understanding ◽  
The Face ◽  
The Moment ◽  
Opposing Effects

Two classes of peptide-producing neurons in the arcuate nucleus (Arc) of the hypothalamus are known to exert opposing actions on feeding: the anorexigenic neurons that express proopiomelanocortin (POMC) and the orexigenic neurons that express agouti-related protein (AgRP) and neuropeptide Y (NPY). These neurons are thought to arise from a common embryonic progenitor, but our anatomical and functional understanding of the interplay of these two peptidergic systems that contribute to the control of feeding remains incomplete. The present study uses a combination of optogenetic stimulation with viral and transgenic approaches, coupled with neural activity mapping and brain transparency visualization to demonstrate the following: (i) selective activation of Arc POMC neurons inhibits food consumption rapidly in unsated animals; (ii) activation of Arc neurons arising from POMC-expressing progenitors, including POMC and a subset of AgRP neurons, triggers robust feeding behavior, even in the face of satiety signals from POMC neurons; (iii) the opposing effects on food intake are associated with distinct neuronal projection and activation patterns of adult hypothalamic POMC neurons versus Arc neurons derived from POMC-expressing lineages; and (iv) the increased food intake following the activation of orexigenic neurons derived from POMC-expressing progenitors engages an extensive neural network that involves the endogenous opioid system. Together, these findings shed further light on the dynamic balance between two peptidergic systems in the moment-to-moment regulation of feeding behavior.

scholarly journals Lockdown 1.0 mishaps in Bangalore: an observational study on head and neck injuries

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (7) ◽  
pp. 1100
Author(s):  
Smitha S. G. ◽  
Suhasini Hanumaiah ◽  
Arunima Sheeja
Keyword(s):  
Observational Study ◽  
Head And Neck ◽  
Traffic Accidents ◽  
Road Traffic ◽  
Neck Region ◽  
Research Centre ◽  
Neck Injuries ◽  
Road Traffic Accidents ◽  
The Face ◽  
The Government

<p class="abstract"><strong>Background:</strong> The government of India imposed a nationwide lockdown from 24 March to 14 April 2020, to contain the highly contagious corona virus. The aim of the study was to reflect upon the psychosocial impact of lockdown 1.0 on the population in terms of assaults, self-inflicted injuries and road traffic accidents during the 21 days of lockdown.</p><p class="abstract"><strong>Methods:</strong> This was a prospective observational study done in KIMS hospital and research centre during nation-wide lockdown 1.0 i.e. from 24 March to 14 April 2020. Patients who visited emergency medicine department with history of assault, self-inflicted injuries, road traffic accidents sustaining injuries to ear, nose, neck and other regions of the face were included in the study.</p><p class="abstract"><strong>Results:</strong> A total of 32 patients who sustained injuries in the head and neck region during the 21-day lockdown period and came to our institution were included. Out of the 32 injuries, 6 injuries were to the ear, 12 to nose,5 to the neck region and 9 to other facial regions. There were 18 assault cases causing head and neck injuries,3 were self-inflicted wounds and rest were injuries due to road traffic accidents.</p><p class="abstract"><strong>Conclusions:</strong> Several problems emerged following the forced quarantine to combat COVID-19. These inexorable circumstances which are beyond normal experience, lead to stress, anxiety and a feeling of helplessness in all. There is a need to ameliorate people’s access to mental health support services geared towards providing measures for developing healthy coping mechanisms during such crisis.</p>

Effects of intragastric hyperalimentation on pair-fed rats with ventromedial hypothalamic lesions

1985 ◽  
Vol 248 (2) ◽  
pp. R172-R180
Author(s):  
M. C. Walgren ◽  
T. L. Powley
Keyword(s):  
Food Intake ◽  
Energy Utilization ◽  
Female Rats ◽  
Metabolic Responses ◽  
Compensatory Strategy ◽  
The Face ◽  
Energy Retention ◽  
Identical Number ◽  
Reducing Energy ◽  
Intact Rats

The present study was undertaken to determine the relative contributions of altered metabolic responses and excess food intake to the obesity and hyperinsulinemia of the ventromedial hypothalamic (VMH) syndrome. This experiment, employing an intragastric hyperalimentation protocol, was also designed to address the related issue of whether altered energy utilization serves as a compensatory strategy for reducing energy retention in the face of excess intake. Separate groups of VMH-lesioned and sham-lesioned female rats were fed, either orally or intragastrically, up to 200% of the calories ingested by a normally feeding intact rat. Both VMH-lesioned and intact rats became obese and hyperinsulinemic when hyperalimented for 30 days, but rats with lesions deposited 25% more fat than intact animals receiving an identical number of calories. Estimates of total carcass energy indicated that rats with lesions required 11% less calories than intact rats to retain identical levels of energy. Furthermore, intact hyperalimented rats failed to evidence the caloric wastage that has been reported to occur in orally fed rats that overeat cafeteria diets.

scholarly journals Anatomical Variation of Facial Artery Branch: A Case Report

2018 ◽  
Vol 35 (04) ◽  
pp. 218-220
Author(s):  
Guilherme Brasil ◽  
Josete Mazon
Keyword(s):  
Case Report ◽  
Anatomical Variation ◽  
Neck Region ◽  
Facial Artery ◽  
Invasive Procedures ◽  
Head And Neck Region ◽  
Face Region ◽  
The Face ◽  
Artery Branch ◽  
Anomalous Branch

Introduction The facial artery and its branches are the major vessels that supply blood to the face region. This artery and its branches can present variations in path and branching pattern and thus complicate the location of these arteries during invasive procedures. There is still a great need to inform and clarify the variant or unusual organization of the display of these arteries. Case Report During the dissection of the head and neck region of a cadaver, an anomalous branch of the unilateral facial artery was observed in the superior labial artery. Conclusion The lack of knowledge about the possible pathways of the facial artery and its branches can lead to errors in surgical procedures or fillers, causing severe complications to the facial structures.

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