scholarly journals Comparison of Power Hardware-in-the-Loop Approaches for the Testing of Smart Grid Controls

Energies ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (12) ◽  
pp. 3381 ◽  
Author(s):  
Falko Ebe ◽  
Basem Idlbi ◽  
David Stakic ◽  
Shuo Chen ◽  
Christoph Kondzialka ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Smart Grid ◽  
Control Strategies ◽  
Load Flow ◽  
Hardware In The Loop ◽  
Renewable Energy Resources ◽  
Operational Conditions ◽  
Actual Usage ◽  
New Methodologies ◽  
And Control

The fundamental changes in the energy sector, due to the rise of renewable energy resources and the possibilities of the digitalisation process, result in the demand for new methodologies for testing Smart Grid concepts and control strategies. Using the Power Hardware-in-the-Loop (PHIL) methodology is one of the key elements for such evaluations. PHIL and other in-the-loop concepts cannot be considered as plug’n’play and, for a wider adoption, the obstacles have to be reduced. This paper presents the comparison of two different setups for the evaluation of components and systems focused on undisturbed operational conditions. The first setup is a conventional PHIL setup and the second is a simplified setup based on a quasi-dynamic PHIL (QDPHIL) approach which involves fast and continuously steady state load flow calculations. A case study which analyses a simple superimposed voltage control algorithm gives an example for the actual usage of the quasi-dynamic setup. Furthermore, this article also provides a comparison and discussion of the achieved results with the two setups and it concludes with an outlook about further research.

A Novel Multi-Functional Grid-Connected Inverter of Renewable Energy Resources

2013 ◽  
Vol 448-453 ◽  
pp. 2191-2194
Author(s):  
Lei Zhou ◽  
Hong Da Liu ◽  
Ming Jie Chen ◽  
Nai Jun Shen
Keyword(s):  
Renewable Energy ◽  
Distribution Systems ◽  
Reactive Power ◽  
Control Strategies ◽  
Renewable Energy Sources ◽  
Unit Vector ◽  
Renewable Energy Resources ◽  
Point Of Common Coupling ◽  
Grid Connected Inverter ◽  
And Control

On the basis of analyzing the synthesis application of p-q (instantaneous reactive power) theory and unit vector template, a multi-functional grid-connected inverter (MFGCI) with auxiliary services on power quality enhancement in micro-grid (MG) is presented. The novel control strategy for achieving maximum benefits from these MFGCI when installed in AC MG access to 3-phase 4-wire distribution systems by isolated transformer at the point of common coupling (PCC). This kind of inverter can not only deliver the power generation of renewable energy sources (RESs), but also can perform as active power filter (APF) at their PCC as well as can improve the efficiency of inverter and decrease the hardware investment. Finally, both feasibility and effectiveness of this new topologies and control strategies of MFGCI are verified by PSCAD/EMTDC.

scholarly journals Mitigating the transmission of infection and death due to SARS-CoV-2 through non-pharmaceutical interventions and repurposing drugs

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chittaranjan Mondal ◽  
Debadatta Adak ◽  
Abhijit Majumder ◽  
Nandadulal Bairagi
Keyword(s):  
Reproduction Number ◽  
Control Strategies ◽  
Intervention Strategies ◽  
Personal Hygiene ◽  
Virus Spread ◽  
Combined Use ◽  
The Right ◽  
And Control ◽  
Pharmaceutical Interventions

The Covid-19 pandemic has put the world under immeasurable stress. There is no specific drug or vaccine that can cure the infection or protect people from the infection of coronavirus. It is therefore prudent to use the existing resources and control strategies in an optimal way to contain the virus spread and provide the best possible treatments to the infected individuals. Use of the repurposing drugs along with the non-pharmaceutical intervention strategies may be the right way for fighting against the ongoing pandemic. It is the objective of this work to demonstrate through mathematical modelling and analysis how and to what extent such control strategies can improve the overall Covid-19 epidemic burden. The criteria for disease elimination & persistence were established through the basic reproduction number. A case study with the Indian Covid-19 epidemic data is presented to visualize and illustrate the effects of lockdown, maintaining personal hygiene & safe distancing, and repurposing drugs. It is shown that India can significantly improve the overall Covid-19 epidemic burden through the combined use of NPIs and repurposing drugs though containment of spreading is difficult without serious community participation.

SwarmSim: a framework for modeling swarming unmanned aerial vehicles using hardware-in-the-loop

2017 ◽  
pp. 154851291771515
Author(s):  
Derek B Worth ◽  
Brian G Woolley ◽  
Douglas D Hodson
Keyword(s):  
Control Strategies ◽  
Hardware In The Loop ◽  
Simulation Framework ◽  
Functional Capability ◽  
Simulation Tools ◽  
Steady Growth ◽  
Aerial Vehicle ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Software Extension ◽  
And Control

Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) swarm applications, algorithms, and control strategies have experienced steady growth and development over the past 15 years. Yet, to date, most swarm development efforts have gone untested and unimplemented. The major inhibitors to successful swarm implementation seem to include the cost of aircraft systems, government imposed airspace restrictions, and the lack of adequate modeling and simulation tools. This paper examines how the open-source OpenEaagles simulation framework was leveraged to bridge this gap to create Hardware-in-the-Loop (HIL) simulations. Leveraging OpenEaagles through software extension to create HIL simulations provides developers with a functional capability with which to develop and test the behaviors of scalable and modular swarms of autonomous UAVs. Using HIL-based simulations in this capacity provides assurance that defined behaviors will propagate to live flight tests in the real world. The demonstrations in the work show how the framework enhances and simplifies swarm development through encapsulation, possesses high modularity, provides realistic aircraft modeling, and is capable of simultaneously accommodating multiple hardware-piloted and purely simulated swarming UAVs during simulation.

scholarly journals Membrane Fouling in Algal Separation Processes: A Review of Influencing Factors and Mechanisms

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andres Felipe Novoa ◽  
Johannes S. Vrouwenvelder ◽  
Luca Fortunato
Keyword(s):  
Membrane Fouling ◽  
Control Strategies ◽  
Membrane Surface ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Dynamic Responses ◽  
Feed Water ◽  
Operational Conditions ◽  
Term Operation ◽  
Fouling Control ◽  
And Control

The use of algal biotechnologies in the production of biofuels, food, and valuable products has gained momentum in recent years, owing to its distinctive rapid growth and compatibility to be coupled to wastewater treatment in membrane photobioreactors. However, membrane fouling is considered a main drawback that offsets the benefits of algal applications by heavily impacting the operation cost. Several fouling control strategies have been proposed, addressing aspects related to characteristics in the feed water and membranes, operational conditions, and biomass properties. However, the lack of understanding of the mechanisms behind algal biofouling and control challenges the development of cost-effective strategies needed for the long-term operation of membrane photobioreactors. This paper reviews the progress on algal membrane fouling and control strategies. Herein, we summarize information in the composition and characteristics of algal foulants, namely algal organic matter, cells, and transparent exopolymer particles; and review their dynamic responses to modifications in the feedwater, membrane surface, hydrodynamics, and cleaning methods. This review comparatively analyzes (i) efficiency in fouling control or mitigation, (ii) advantages and drawbacks, (iii) technological performance, and (iv) challenges and knowledge gaps. Ultimately, the article provides a primary reference of algal biofouling in membrane-based applications.

Experimentation and Challenge

2007 ◽  
pp. 161-175
Author(s):  
Raffaella Sette
Keyword(s):  
Criminal Law ◽  
Control Strategies ◽  
Knowing That ◽  
Difficult Time ◽  
On Line ◽  
University Course ◽  
And Control ◽  
Real Challenge ◽  
Control Operators

The on-line course on criminological topics carried out in an undergraduate course for “Security and Social Control Operators” (Faculty of Political Science “Ruffilli”, University of Bologna) represented a real challenge for three different reasons: 1) it was inserted in the syllabus of a three year undergraduate course which was the first university course in Italy intended for the training of operators to carry out an activity which calls for being able to manage modern investigative, security and control strategies; 2) it dealt with the teaching of criminology and it is useful to emphasise that, in Italy, criminology has a difficult time freeing itself from similar disciplines (legal medicine, criminal law, sociology, psychology), even while knowing that it has to maintain a good relationship with them; and 3) it dealt with one of the first on-line courses activated at the Faculty “Ruffilli”. The case study describes and critically analyses the implementation of the online criminology course.

A New Methodology for Use in Engine Diagnostics and Control, Utilizing “Synthetic” Engine Variables: Theoretical and Experimental Results

2001 ◽  
Vol 123 (3) ◽  
pp. 528-534 ◽  
Author(s):  
John J. Moskwa ◽  
Wenbo Wang ◽  
Duane J. Bucheger
Keyword(s):  
Closed Loop ◽  
Control Strategies ◽  
Experimental Results ◽  
Medium Size ◽  
Loop Control ◽  
Lawn Care ◽  
Marine Engines ◽  
New Methodologies ◽  
Almost All ◽  
And Control

This paper describes new methodologies and algorithms for use in engine diagnostics that simplify and improve combustion quality monitoring and closed-loop engine control in order to meet stringent emission standards. The “synthetic” variables these algorithms produce can be used to indicate the work produced by each cylinder combustion event at all engine speeds, and can be effectively used for on-board combustion quality measurements, engine diagnostics, and closed-loop control. The algorithms are very simple in form, run in real time, and the methodologies can be applied to compression ignition or spark ignition, 2-stroke or 4-stroke gasoline or diesel engines. Both simulation and experimental results are given for a two-stroke, two-cylinder in-line engine. The rotational dynamics and firing sequence of this configuration of engine is very similar to a four-stroke, four cylinder in-line engine, and nearly identical results will be seen with these two designs. Even more dramatic improvements can be seen with engines of fewer cylinders because of greater variations in their inertial forces. The algorithms can be successfully applied to many other engine configurations as well. Therefore, benefits can be derived from the application of these algorithms and their “synthetic” variables to control strategies for almost all modern small and medium size automotive and marine engines, as well as utility engines used for lawn care, snow removal, and other similar applications.

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