scholarly journals Investigation of the Pitch Load of Large-Scale Wind Turbines Using Field SCADA Data

Energies ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 509 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fan Zhang ◽  
Juchuan Dai ◽  
Deshun Liu ◽  
Linxing Li ◽  
Xin Long
Keyword(s):  
Wind Speed ◽  
Wind Turbines ◽  
Pitch Angle ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Rotor Speed ◽  
Variable Pitch ◽  
Scada System ◽  
Pitch Moment ◽  
Resistance Moment ◽  
Torque Load

Variable pitch technology is an indispensable key technology of large-scale wind turbines. The reliable pitch mechanism is the basic guarantee for achieving variable pitch. At present, the main problem with the design and maintenance of the variable pitch mechanism is that the pitch load is not clearly known. This paper focuses on obtaining pitch load characteristics through extracting SCADA (Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition) data. Here, the pitch load refers to the resistance moment to be overcome when the wind turbine blade is rotated on its own axis. From the data collected by the SCADA system, although the edgewise moment and the flapwise moment cannot be obtained, the pitch torque (load) can be extracted indirectly. This provides data support for the research. Specifically, the pitch moment is obtained by indirect calculation of the pitch motor current. Then, the effects of the wind speed, rotor speed, hub angle and pitch angle on the pitch load are theoretically analyzed. To obtain more reliable results, data preprocessing algorithms are presented to consider the data filtering range, the elimination of abnormal values and data dispersity. Subsequently, the influence mechanisms of wind speed, rotor speed, hub angle and pitch angle on the pitch load are investigated in detail based on the SCADA data.

scholarly journals Development and Application of Fuzzy Proportional-Integral Control Scheme in Pitch Angle Compensation Loop for Wind Turbines

Machines ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (7) ◽  
pp. 135
Author(s):  
S. AlGhamdi ◽  
I. Hamdan ◽  
Marwa M. M. Youssef ◽  
Omar Noureldeen
Keyword(s):  
Wind Speed ◽  
Pitch Angle ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Turbine Blades ◽  
Rotor Speed ◽  
Integral Control ◽  
Proportional Integral ◽  
Control Scheme ◽  
Combined Control ◽  
Proportional Integral Control

Wind energy is regarded as one of the oldest energy sources and has played a significant role. As the nature of wind changes continuously, the generated power varies accordingly. Generation of the pitch angle of a wind turbine’s blades is controlled to prevent damage during high wind speed. This paper presents the development and application of a fuzzy proportional integral control scheme combined with traditional proportional control in the dynamic behavior of pitch angle-regulated wind turbine blades. The combined control regulates rotor speed and output power, allowing control of the power while maintaining the desired rotor speed and avoiding equipment overloads. The studied model is a large-scale wind farm of 120 MW in the Gulf El-Zayt region, Red Sea, Egypt. The control system validity is substantiated by studying different cases of wind speed function: ramp, step, random, and extreme wind speed. The results are compared with the traditional combined control. The model is simulated using MATLAB/SIMULINK software. The simulation results proved the effectiveness of fuzzy tuned PI against traditional PI control.

A Review on Pitch Angle Control Strategy of Variable Pitch Wind Turbines

2013 ◽  
Vol 772 ◽  
pp. 744-748 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chao Tan ◽  
Hong Hua Wang
Keyword(s):  
Wind Turbines ◽  
Pitch Angle ◽  
Sliding Mode ◽  
Integrated Control ◽  
Variable Structure ◽  
Network Control ◽  
Neural Network Control ◽  
Variable Pitch ◽  
Structure Control ◽  
Sliding Mode Variable Structure

This paper summarizes the development process of wind turbines control technology, reviews the application of traditional control, sliding mode variable structure control, H robust control, adaptive control, fuzzy control, artificial neural network control and integrated control in the pitch angle control system of variable pitch wind turbines, points out its present situation and development prospect.

scholarly journals Dynamic Modeling of Wind Turbines Based on Estimated Wind Speed under Turbulent Conditions

Energies ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (10) ◽  
pp. 1907 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ahmed G. Abo-Khalil ◽  
Saeed Alyami ◽  
Khairy Sayed ◽  
Ayman Alhejji
Keyword(s):  
Wind Speed ◽  
Wind Turbine ◽  
Wind Turbines ◽  
Wind Shear ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Estimation Error ◽  
Turbine Rotor ◽  
Average Wind Speed ◽  
Rotating Speed ◽  
Tower Shadow

Large-scale wind turbines with a large blade radius rotates under fluctuating conditions depending on the blade position. The wind speed is maximum in the highest point when the blade in the upward position and minimum in the lowest point when the blade in the downward position. The spatial distribution of wind speed, which is known as the wind shear, leads to periodic fluctuations in the turbine rotor, which causes fluctuations in the generator output voltage and power. In addition, the turbine torque is affected by other factors such as tower shadow and turbine inertia. The space between the blade and tower, the tower diameter, and the blade diameter are very critical design factors that should be considered to reduce the output power fluctuations of a wind turbine generator. To model realistic characteristics while considering the critical factors of a wind turbine system, a wind turbine model is implemented using a squirrel-cage induction motor. Since the wind speed is the most important factor in modeling the aerodynamics of wind turbine, an accurate measurement or estimation is essential to have a valid model. This paper estimates the average wind speed, instead of measuring, from the generator power and rotating speed and models the turbine’s aerodynamics, including tower shadow and wind shear components, without having to measure the wind speed at any height. The proposed algorithm overcomes the errors of measuring wind speed in single or multiple locations by estimating the wind speed with estimation error less than 2%.

Research on Joint Power and Loads Control for Large Scale Directly Driven Wind Turbines

2013 ◽  
Vol 136 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
JuChuan Dai ◽  
Deshun Liu ◽  
Yanping Hu ◽  
Xiangbing Shen
Keyword(s):  
Wind Turbines ◽  
Control Strategy ◽  
Pitch Angle ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Synchronous Generator ◽  
Joint Power ◽  
Pitch Control ◽  
The Difference ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Individual Pitch Control

Emphasis of this article is on the dynamic characteristics analysis of individual pitch control for MW scale directly driven wind turbines with permanent magnet synchronous generator (PMSG). The pitch control objectives were analyzed and the objective expressions were deduced, including power expression, loads expression, and vibration expressions of blade and tower. Then, both the collective pitch control aiming at power control and the individual pitch control strategy aiming at joint power and loads control were analyzed, too. The blade root bending moments and the actual capture power of wind rotor were employed to be the control variables. The power was calculated based on the conventional measured parameters of wind turbines. In order to reflect the difference between the pitch angle command value and the actual value, the pitch actuator dynamic model was used. The research results show that both the collective pitch control strategy and the proposed individual pitch control strategy can effectively control the power injected into grid; moreover, the individual pitch control can reduce fatigue loads; while in the process of individual pitch control, the actual variation of blade pitch angle is closely related to not only the inflow speed but also the blade azimuth angle; individual pitch control strategy can reduce the variation amplitude of flapwise moments, but has little influence on the edgewise moments.

scholarly journals Pitch Angle Optimization by Intelligent Adjusting the Gains of a PI Controller for Small Wind Turbines in Areas with Drastic Wind Speed Changes

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (23) ◽  
pp. 6670
Author(s):  
Ernesto Chavero-Navarrete ◽  
Mario Trejo-Perea ◽  
Juan-Carlos Jáuregui-Correa ◽  
Roberto-Valentín Carrillo-Serrano ◽  
José-Gabriel Rios-Moreno
Keyword(s):  
Wind Speed ◽  
Wind Turbines ◽  
Pitch Angle ◽  
Sudden Change ◽  
Stable State ◽  
Synchronous Generator ◽  
Longitudinal Axis ◽  
Wind Speeds ◽  
Main Challenge ◽  
Small Wind Turbines

The population growth demands a greater generation of energy, an alternative is the use of small wind turbines, however, obtaining maximum wind power becomes the main challenge when there are drastic changes in wind speed. The angle of the blades rotates around its longitudinal axis to control the effect of the wind on the rotation of the turbine, a proportional-integral controller (PI) for this angle achieves stability and precision in a stable state but is not functional with severe alterations in wind speed, a different response time is necessary in both cases. This article proposes a novel pitch angle controller based on auto-tuning of PI gains, for which it uses a teaching–learning based optimization (TLBO) algorithm. The wind speed and the value of the magnitude of the change are used by the algorithm to determine the appropriate PI gains at different wind speeds, so it can adapt to any sudden change in wind speed. The effectiveness of the proposed method is verified by experimental results for a 14 KW permanent magnet synchronous generator (PMSG) wind turbine located at the Universidad Autónoma de Querétaro (UAQ), Mexico.

The Modeling and Simulation of Wind Turbines and the Design of Pitch Control System

2011 ◽  
Vol 347-353 ◽  
pp. 2323-2329
Author(s):  
Zhi Chao Lan ◽  
Lin Tao Hu ◽  
Yin Xue ◽  
De Liang Zen
Keyword(s):  
Control System ◽  
Wind Speed ◽  
Wind Turbine ◽  
Wind Turbines ◽  
Pitch Angle ◽  
Active Power ◽  
Internal Model Control ◽  
Pitch Control ◽  
Constant Pitch ◽  
Model Control

An increasing number of large wind turbines with a variable-speed variable pitch control mechanism are developed to improve the response speed of wind turbines and get maximum active power .Designing a reasonable pitch control system requires both a good control scheme and a more accurate wind turbine model. Base on the analysis of wind turbines’ principle, a local linearization model of wind turbine is built by using linearization method of small deviation in this paper. The model’s inputs are the data of wind speed and pitch angle, and the output is the active power. The accuracy of the model is verified by studying the active power output of wind turbine under different circumstances in which the pitch angle changes with a constant wind speed and the wind speed changes with a constant pitch angle. At the same time, this paper provides pitch control program based on internal model control after analyzing the disadvantages of PID pitch controller. When the wind speed is beyond the rating, the active power can be limited reasonably around the power rating of wind turbines by adjusting the pitch angle.

scholarly journals Time Series Analysis and Forecasting for Wind Speeds Using Support Vector Regression Coupled with Artificial Intelligent Algorithms

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-14 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ping Jiang ◽  
Shanshan Qin ◽  
Jie Wu ◽  
Beibei Sun
Keyword(s):  
Wind Speed ◽  
Support Vector Regression ◽  
Wind Turbines ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Wind Farm ◽  
Hybrid Models ◽  
Parameter Determination ◽  
Support Vector ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Wind Speeds

Wind speed/power has received increasing attention around the earth due to its renewable nature as well as environmental friendliness. With the global installed wind power capacity rapidly increasing, wind industry is growing into a large-scale business. Reliable short-term wind speed forecasts play a practical and crucial role in wind energy conversion systems, such as the dynamic control of wind turbines and power system scheduling. In this paper, an intelligent hybrid model for short-term wind speed prediction is examined; the model is based on cross correlation (CC) analysis and a support vector regression (SVR) model that is coupled with brainstorm optimization (BSO) and cuckoo search (CS) algorithms, which are successfully utilized for parameter determination. The proposed hybrid models were used to forecast short-term wind speeds collected from four wind turbines located on a wind farm in China. The forecasting results demonstrate that the intelligent hybrid models outperform single models for short-term wind speed forecasting, which mainly results from the superiority of BSO and CS for parameter optimization.

scholarly journals Pitch Angle Optimization for Small Wind Turbines Based on a Hierarchical Fuzzy-PID Controller and Anticipated Wind Speed Measurement

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 1683
Author(s):  
Ernesto Chavero-Navarrete ◽  
Mario Trejo-Perea ◽  
Juan Carlos Jáuregui-Correa ◽  
Roberto Valentín Carrillo-Serrano ◽  
Guillermo Ronquillo-Lomeli ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Wind Speed ◽  
Wind Turbines ◽  
Pitch Angle ◽  
Pid Controller ◽  
Energy Demand ◽  
Fuzzy Logic Controller ◽  
Response Speed ◽  
Wind Variability ◽  
Horizontal Axis Wind Turbines ◽  
The Difference

Wind energy is an alternative to meet the growing energy demand and protect the environment; however, in places with limited wind resources, only the installation of small horizontal-axis wind turbines (SHAWTs) is profitable. At the height of these turbines, the wind is usually unstable with gusts and turbulence due to obstacles in its path such as buildings and trees. The pitch angle must be adaptable to guarantee nominal rotation speed, and it is commonly regulated with a proportional-integral-derivative (PID) feedback controller. This controller works well when the wind is stable, but not with drastic changes in wind speed. To correct this problem, this article introduces a PID controller with automatic adjustment of the gain values using a fuzzy logic controller (FLC). The PID gain adjustment allows an optimal response speed of the system for different wind conditions. The membership functions of the FLC are determined from a methodology that includes: The measurement of the wind speed at a calculated distance, a statistical analysis of the wind variability, and a dynamic analysis of the wind path. In this way, it is possible to anticipate the response of the actuator to the arrival of a gust of wind to the rotor. The algorithm is implemented in 14 kW SHAWTs where the difference in performance with a conventional controller is quantified. Satisfactory results were obtained, the electrical output increased by 7%, and the risk of rotor damage due to vibrations or mechanical fatigue was reduced by 20%.

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