Interaction between cloud-radiation, atmospheric dynamics and thermodynamics based on observational data from GoAmazon 2014/15 and a Cloud Resolving Model

Observational meteorological data from the field experiment GoAmazon 2014/15 and data from numerical simulations with the Cloud-Resolving Model (CRM) called System for Atmospheric Modeling (SAM) are used to study the interaction between the cloudiness-radiation and the atmospheric dynamics and thermodynamics variables for a site located in the central Amazon region (−3.2° S, −60.6° W) during the wet and dry periods. The main aims are to (a) analyze the temporal series of the integrated cloud fraction, precipitation rate and downward shortwave flux; and (b) to determine the relationship between the integrated cloud fraction, radiative fluxes, and large-scale variable anomalies as a function of the previous day's average. The temporal series of the integrated cloud fraction, precipitation rate and downward shortwave flux from SAMS simulations showed physical consistency with the observations from GoAmazon 2014/15. Shallow and deep convection clouds show to have meaningful impact on radiation fluxes in the Amazon region during wet and dry periods. Anomalies of large-scale variables (relative to the previous day's average) are physically associated with cloud formation, evolution and dissipation. SAM consistently simulated these results, where the cloud fraction vertical profile shows a pattern very close to the observed data (cloud type). Additionally, the integrated cloud fraction and large-scale variable anomalies, as a function of the previous day's average, have a good correlation. These results suggest that the memory of the large-scale dynamics from previous day can be used to estimate the clouds fraction. As well as the water content, which is a variable of the cloud itself. In general, the SAM satisfactorily simulated the interaction between cloud-radiation and dynamic and thermodynamic variables of the atmosphere during the periods of this study, being indicated to obtain atmospheric variables that are impossible to obtain in an observational way.

PENGARUH JENJANG PENDIDIKAN DAN SKALA USAHA TERHADAP PENGGUNAAN INFORMASI AKUNTANSI PADA UMKM KECAMATAN PAMULANG KOTA TANGERANG SELATAN

One of the big problems of SMEs that happen in Indonesia is manual bookkeeping. Therefore, it leads to difficulty in calculating turnover, gross profit, and net profit, inhibiting SMEs from growing and scaling up the business. This study aims to observe and determine whether there is an influence of Education Level and Business Scale on the Use of Accounting Information in SMEs in Pamulang District Tangerang Selatan. The tests carried out show that the education level variable significantly affects and the business scale variable does not influence users of accounting information. Based on the F test, it is known that the level of education and the scale of business together significantly affect users of accounting information. So it can be concluded that the results of this study indicate that the education level of the MSME actors affects the use of accounting information in their respective units

Swirler geometry effects (dh/do ratio) on synthetic gas flames. Part 2: dynamic flame behaviour at external y altered acoustic conditions

In a combustion device, unsteady heat release causes acoustic energy to increase when acoustic damping (energy loss) is not that effective, and, as a result, thermo-acoustic flame instabilities occur. In this study, effects of the swirler dh/do ratio (at different swirl numbers) on dynamic flame behaviour of the premixed 20%CNG/30%H2/30%CO/20%CO2 mixture under externally altered acoustic boundary conditions and stability limits (flashback and blowout equivalence ratios) of such mixture were investigated in a laboratory-scale variable geometric swirl number combustor. Therefore, swirl generators with different dh/do ratios (0.3 and 0.5) and geometric swirl numbers (0.4, 0.6, 0.8, 1.0 1.2 and 1.4) were designed and manufactured. Acoustic boundary conditions in the combustion chamber were altered using loudspeakers, and flame response to these conditions was perceived using photodiodes and pressure sensors. Dynamic flame behaviour of respective mixture was evaluated using luminous intensity and pressure profiles. Results showed that the dh/do ratio has a minor impact on dynamic flame behaviour.

ANALYSIS OF THE EFFECTIVENESS OF PB DJARUM ADVERTISING SCHOLARSHIP USING THE EPIC METHOD IN 2020

This study aims to analyze about strategy effectivity of Empathy, Persuasion, Impact, and Communication (EPIC) PB Djarum. The used research methodology is a qualitative descriptive method with cross-section and primary data obtained from questionnaires, which is subsequently processed in the form of presentation of tables and charts. The used mechanical sampling is a purposive sampling method from data in 2020. The use of data analysis is using score calculation of EPIC method and calculation of effectivity level of it. The results of this study show that the variable Empathy score was 3.32 which is within the range of effective scale, variable Persuasion result of 3.26 is within the range of effective scale, variable Impact obtained a yield of 3.11 which is within the range of effective scale, Communication variables obtained results of 2.99 which is within the range of effective scale. These results indicate that strategy in the promotion of PB Djarum using EPIC method is effective as media promotion of PB Djarum. The overall value of empathy, persuasion, impact, communication on the EPIC rate is 3.17. It means the EPIC method is effective in promoting the films that will be shown at PB Djarum and can be used as one of the marketing tools.

Social and financial efficiency: Institutional characteristics of the partner organizations of Pakistan Poverty Alleviation Fund

Efficiency analysis of the Partner Organizations can benefit all the microfinance sector's key stakeholders to benchmark the current scene and formulate optimal policy agenda. This study seeks to measure the partner organizations of the Pakistan Poverty Alleviation Fund's social and financial efficiency and to identify causes and sources of their inefficiencies. A non-parametric technique known as Data Envelopment Analysis is applied to investigate the Partner Organizations' efficiency throughout 2005–2015. The required data was obtained from the database of the Mix-Market and Pakistan Microfinance Network. The social and financial efficiency was estimated assuming Constant Return to Scale, Variable Return to Scale, and with respect to the Operational Scale of the Partner Organizations. Results revealed that the partner organizations are more scale efficient (median = 75%) than pure technically efficient (median = 55%). Further, graphical representations show a decreasing linear trend and negative serial correlation in the percentage of efficient partner organizations. The model fit results show that institutional characteristics that influence partner organizations' efficiencies significantly include their age, Operational Self-Sufficiency, personnel, loan officers, assets and debt. Finally, the diagnostic tests for endogeneity, heteroskedasticity, heterogeneity, and cross-sectional dependence were performed.