scholarly journals Proposed Strategies for Improving Poor Hygrothermal Conditions in Museum Exhibition Rooms and Their Impact on Energy Demand

Energies ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 620 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joanna Ferdyn-Grygierek ◽  
Krzysztof Grygierek
Keyword(s):  
Relative Humidity ◽  
Energy Demand ◽  
Air Conditioning ◽  
Control Strategies ◽  
Internal Heat ◽  
Current Method ◽  
Dramatic Improvement ◽  
Precise Control ◽  
Heating And Cooling ◽  
Microclimate Conditions

In museums, poor microclimate conditions, especially large changes in relative humidity and temperature, can lead to serious deterioration of the exhibits. Properly designed heating, ventilation, and air conditioning (HVAC) systems for precise control of the air parameters are required. However, due to the financial restrictions of museums, complex air-conditioning systems are often not feasible. In this study, we tested and propose novel methods to reduce the short- and long-term fluctuations in the relative humidity in exhibition rooms of a Polish museum. The methods only include indoor temperature and ventilation airflow control strategies, without the use of (de)humidification equipment. The analysis is based on simulations using EnergyPlus software. A multi-zone thermal model of the museum building was validated and calibrated with measured data. A full calendar year was simulated for five control cases (including the current method used) and two internal heat gain schedules. The energy demand for heating and cooling for each case was calculated. The combination of temperature control and adequate ventilation using ambient airflow allows for dramatic improvement in the microclimate conditions. The proportion of the year when the instantaneous indoor relative humidity is ±5% from set point decreased from 85% to 20%. A significant effect was obtained over the summer months.

scholarly journals Optimization of building form and its fenestration in response to microclimate conditions of an urban area

2020 ◽  
Vol 172 ◽  
pp. 19002
Author(s):  
Kavan Javanroodi ◽  
Vahid M. Nik ◽  
Yuchen Yang
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Comfort ◽  
Urban Area ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Energy Demand ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Climate Data ◽  
Heating And Cooling ◽  
Building Form ◽  
Microclimate Conditions

Designing building form in urban areas is a complicated process that demands considering a high number of influencing parameters. On the other hand, there has been an increasing trend to design highly fenestrated building envelopes for office buildings to induce higher levels of natural lighting into the workspace. This paper presents a novel optimization framework to design high-performance building form and fenestration configuration considering the impacts of urban microclimate in typical and extreme weather conditions during a thirty-year period of climate data (2010-2039). In this regard, based on the introduced technique and algorithm, the annual energy demand and thermal comfort of over 8008 eligible form combinations with eight different fenestration configurations and seven different building orientation angels were analysed in a detailed urban area to find optimal design solutions in response to microclimate conditions. Results showed that adopting the framework, annual heating, and cooling demand can be reduced by 21% and 38% while maintaining thermal comfort by taking design-based decisions at the early stages of design.

The correction coefficients for the building air-conditioning load accounting for the whole building hygrothermal transfer process for major cities in China

2016 ◽  
Vol 26 (5) ◽  
pp. 642-661 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yingying Wang ◽  
Yanfeng Liu ◽  
Dengjia Wang ◽  
Jiaping Liu
Keyword(s):  
Relative Humidity ◽  
Transfer Process ◽  
Heat Load ◽  
Air Conditioning ◽  
Moisture Transfer ◽  
Moisture Flux ◽  
Heating And Cooling ◽  
Heat Transfer Theory ◽  
Building Cooling ◽  
Heating And Cooling Load

At present, the calculation software and design specifications related to building cooling and heating load are based mainly on heat transfer theory. The effect of building moisture transfer process on the air-conditioning load is rarely researched. The aim of this paper was to investigate the effect of the whole building hygrothermal transfer (WBHT) process on the indoor air temperature and relative humidity, wall inner surface temperature and moisture flux, sensible heat load, latent heat load and total air-conditioning load in different climates. A WBHT model was developed and validated by the analytic solution and experimental data. Three humidity regions in China were classified for summer and winter according to the different outdoor air relative humidity levels. The correction coefficients of air-conditioning load of major cities were obtained accounting for the WBHT process. Our results would provide a future reference for accurately calculating heating and cooling load of buildings in different climate regions.

Energy-Saving Operation Strategies for Air-Conditioning Systems in Response to Challenges Posed by Atmospheric Environment of Taiwan

2015 ◽  
Vol 764-765 ◽  
pp. 1075-1079
Author(s):  
Hui Ting Tang ◽  
Yuh Ming Lee
Keyword(s):  
Relative Humidity ◽  
Air Conditioning ◽  
Atmospheric Environment ◽  
Heat Index ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
Precise Control ◽  
Weather Patterns ◽  
Human Needs ◽  
Occupant Comfort ◽  
Air Conditioning Systems

Taiwan, located in subtropical areas, relies heavily on air-conditioning to adjust the environment to maintain occupant comfort and work efficiency. Among numerous indicators that measure living comfort, the one corresponding to the change of temperature and relative humidity is the most felt by people. This study will investigate data on changes in the atmospheric environment in Taiwan over the years, and will correlate them to temperature and relative humidity within the comfort range for human beings. The Heat Index will also be examined and applied in this research in order to help air-conditioning systems better adapt to more volatile weather patterns and variable human needs. A simultaneous and precise control of temperature and relative humidity with reference to the Heat Index can reduce the load for air-conditioning without compromising environmental comfort.

Analysis of Internet Bar Use Evaporative Air-Conditioning and Ventilation of Thermal Comfort

2011 ◽  
Vol 393-395 ◽  
pp. 1106-1109
Author(s):  
Huang Xiang ◽  
Wei Wang ◽  
Sheng Wu
Keyword(s):  
Relative Humidity ◽  
Air Conditioning ◽  
Thermal Environment ◽  
Internal Heat ◽  
Air Velocity ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Indoor Thermal Environment ◽  
Heat Sensation ◽  
Environment Quality ◽  
Sensitivity Factors

The factors affecting indoor thermal environment are briefly introduced in this article, and one Internet bar was tested and analyzed that used evaporative air-conditioning in lanzhou, gansu. Meanwhile, through the air temperature, the relative humidity and air velocity of sensitivity factors were analyzed that heat sensation to human body, changed the heat sensation for people's from qualitative to the quantitative. As one way and the basis has provided for the improvement room internal heat environment quality.

scholarly journals A Wind Electric-Driven Combined Heating, Cooling, and Electricity System for an Office Building in Two Italian Cities

Energies ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 895 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carlo Roselli ◽  
Maurizio Sasso ◽  
Francesco Tariello
Keyword(s):  
Wind Turbines ◽  
Energy Demand ◽  
Air Conditioning ◽  
Storage System ◽  
Primary Energy ◽  
Office Building ◽  
Electric Load ◽  
Air Conditioners ◽  
Primary Energy Demand ◽  
Heating And Cooling

Electric air-conditioning systems driven by electricity from a wind turbine can be defined as wind electric and cooling systems according to the definition of solar-activated air-conditioners. They can potentially contribute to reduce primary energy demand and CO2 emission in the civil sector. In this paper, mini wind turbines are considered coupled with a ground source heat pump in order to serve an office building for air-conditioning and supply the electricity surplus for the pure electric load of the user. Different plant configurations are considered. First of all, assessments with two kinds of wind turbines (5–5.5 kW), vertical and horizontal axis, are performed, also considering the coupling with one and two identical wind generators. Secondly, to better use on-site electricity, a parametric study is proposed taking into account different battery storage system sizes (3.2–9.6 kWh). Finally, the plant is simulated in two locations: Naples and Cagliari. Simulation results demonstrate that the source availability mainly affects the system performance. In Cagliari, the primary energy reduction per kWh of final energy demand (for pure electric load, space heating, and cooling) is equal to 1.24, 54.8% more than in Naples. In addition, the storage system limits the interaction with the power grid, lowering the exported electricity from about 50% to about 27% for Naples and from 63% to 50% for Cagliari. The fraction of the load met by renewable energy accounts for up to 25% for Naples and 48% for Cagliari.

scholarly journals OPTIMIZATION APPLIED TO ENERGY EFFICIENCY AND THERMAL COMFORT OF BUILDINGS: BIBLIOMETRIC ANALYSIS ON TECHNIQUES AND APPLICATIONS

2018 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 20
Author(s):  
C. F. da Silva ◽  
R. Z. Freire ◽  
N. Mendes
Keyword(s):  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Thermal Comfort ◽  
Bibliometric Analysis ◽  
Energy Demand ◽  
Air Conditioning ◽  
Energy Savings ◽  
Control Strategies ◽  
Building Projects ◽  
Air Conditioning Systems ◽  
And Control

The world's energy demand has raised concerns about supply difficulties, depletion of natural resources and environmental impacts such as destruction of ozone layer, global warming, climate change, among others. Recent studies indicate that energy consumption in buildings represents more than 40% of the world's energy consumption, with more than half of that attributed to air conditioning systems. Specific regulations and control strategies for heating, ventilation and air-conditioning (HVAC) systems should provide acceptable thermal comfort and reasonable indoor air quality. The evolution of researches in these areas can be evaluated by the organization of scientific production up to now. The objective of this study is to analyze quantitatively what was produced in terms of optimization associated to both energy savings and thermal comfort in buildings. This bibliometric analysis, based on Science Direct and IEEE Xplore databases, correlates common adopted terms to quantify how optimization, especially those associated to computational intelligence, are influencing building projects where thermal comfort and energy saving are taken into account. This research assumes a sample of 76 articles, and provided a statistical evaluation considering authors identification, and both articles and journals that were more cited by researchers in this area.

scholarly journals Control Strategies for Daylight and Artificial Lighting in Office Buildings—A Bibliometrically Assisted Review

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (13) ◽  
pp. 3852
Author(s):  
Daniel Plörer ◽  
Sascha Hammes ◽  
Martin Hauer ◽  
Vincent van Karsbergen ◽  
Rainer Pfluger
Keyword(s):  
Energy Efficiency ◽  
Energy Demand ◽  
Control Strategies ◽  
Significant Proportion ◽  
Decisive Role ◽  
Future Trend ◽  
Office Buildings ◽  
Total Energy Consumption ◽  
Integral Control ◽  
Artificial Lighting

A significant proportion of the total energy consumption in office buildings is attributable to lighting. Enhancements in energy efficiency are currently achieved through strategies to reduce artificial lighting by intelligent daylight utilization. Control strategies in the field of daylighting and artificial lighting are mostly rule-based and focus either on comfort aspects or energy objectives. This paper aims to provide an overview of published scientific literature on enhanced control strategies, in which new control approaches are critically analysed regarding the fulfilment of energy efficiency targets and comfort criteria simultaneously. For this purpose, subject-specific review articles from the period between 2015 and 2020 and their research sources from as far back as 1978 are analysed. Results show clearly that building controls increasingly need to address multiple trades to achieve a maximum improvement in user comfort and energy efficiency. User acceptance can be highlighted as a decisive factor in achieving targeted system efficiencies, which are highly determined by the ability of active user interaction in the automatic control system. The future trend is moving towards decentralized control concepts including appropriate occupancy detection and space zoning. Simulation-based controls and learning systems are identified as appropriate methods that can play a decisive role in reducing building energy demand through integral control concepts.

scholarly journals Heating and Cooling Degree-Days Climate Change Projections for Portugal

Atmosphere ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (6) ◽  
pp. 715
Author(s):  
Cristina Andrade ◽  
Sandra Mourato ◽  
João Ramos
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
High Resolution ◽  
Thermal Comfort ◽  
Energy Demand ◽  
Residential Buildings ◽  
Degree Days ◽  
Climate Change Projections ◽  
Heating And Cooling ◽  
Cooling Degree Days ◽  
Heating Energy Demand

Climate change is expected to influence cooling and heating energy demand of residential buildings and affect overall thermal comfort. Towards this end, the heating (HDD) and cooling (CDD) degree-days along with HDD + CDD were computed from an ensemble of seven high-resolution bias-corrected simulations attained from EURO-CORDEX under two Representative Concentration Pathways (RCP4.5 and RCP8.5). These three indicators were analyzed for 1971–2000 (from E-OBS) and 2011–2040, and 2041–2070, under both RCPs. Results predict a decrease in HDDs most significant under RCP8.5. Conversely, it is projected an increase of CDD values for both scenarios. The decrease in HDDs is projected to be higher than the increase in CDDs hinting to an increase in the energy demand to cool internal environments in Portugal. Statistically significant linear CDD trends were only found for 2041–2070 under RCP4.5. Towards 2070, higher(lower) CDD (HDD and HDD + CDD) anomaly amplitudes are depicted, mainly under RCP8.5. Within the five NUTS II

Improving Sustainability of Housing in Ghana through Energy Efficient Climate Control Strategies

2012 ◽  
Vol 608-609 ◽  
pp. 1698-1704
Author(s):  
Abdul Manan Dauda ◽  
Hui Gao
Keyword(s):  
Natural Ventilation ◽  
Energy Savings ◽  
Control Strategies ◽  
Internal Heat ◽  
Climate Control ◽  
Housing Design ◽  
Artificial Lighting ◽  
Testing Procedures ◽  
Mass Housing ◽  
Design Changes

This paper aims at explaining testing procedures used to evaluate the potential of natural ventilation and daylighting applications to passive design of housing in Ghana. The objectives of research were to reduce energy costs and increase the sustainability of housing. From the results of these experiments actual and potential designs are illustrated and discussed. Mass housing results in multi-storey buildings which require substantial artificial lighting and ventilation. Also, with the increasing usage of glass for windows and doors in Ghana, even the shaded depths of buildings require additional daylight usually resulting in more energy consumption. By supplementing the internal lighting levels with daylight, reducing the internal heat load by shading windows to direct radiation and the utilization of natural ventilation over air conditioning where possible, significant energy savings are could be achieved. The research proposes mass housing design changes such as: delivering daylight above the suspended ceiling into the depths of the building by horizontal light pipes and natural ventilation, utilizing stack effect and wind siphonage, etc.

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