scholarly journals Application of the Double Diode Model of Photovoltaic Cells for Simulation Studies on the Impact of Partial Shading of Silicon Photovoltaic Modules on the Waveforms of Their Current–Voltage Characteristic

Energies ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (12) ◽  
pp. 2421 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mariusz T. Sarniak ◽  
Jacek Wernik ◽  
Krzysztof J. Wołosz
Keyword(s):  
Computer Simulation ◽  
Classical Method ◽  
Photovoltaic Cells ◽  
Photovoltaic System ◽  
Partial Shading ◽  
Photovoltaic Modules ◽  
Solar Radiation Intensity ◽  
Current Voltage ◽  
Pv Modules ◽  
The Impact

Photovoltaics (PV) is the phenomenon of converting sun energy into electric energy by using photovoltaic cells. Furthermore, solar energy is the major renewable energy source. PV modules are systematically more efficient and manufacturing costs decrease at the same time. The PV module performance is affected by ambient temperature, humidity, wind speed, rainfall, incident solar radiation intensity and spectrum, dust deposition, pollution, and shading, which are environmental factors. The problem of partial shading of the generator often arises when designing photovoltaic installations. If it is not possible to avoid this phenomenon, its impact on the operation of the photovoltaic system should be estimated. The classical method is to measure the current–voltage characteristics, but it requires switching off the installation for the duration of the measurements. Therefore, this paper proposes a method using a computer simulation in the Matlab package with the implemented component “Solar Cell” for this purpose. Three cases of partial shading of photovoltaic modules with different degrees of shading were analyzed. The obtained results of the computer simulation were verified for two types of silicon PV modules: Mono- and polycrystalline.

The Impact Mitigation of Partial Shading on PV Array Power Generation

2015 ◽  
Vol 781 ◽  
pp. 267-271
Author(s):  
Santisouk Phiouthonekham ◽  
Anucha Lekkruasuwan ◽  
Surachai Chaitusaney
Keyword(s):  
Power Generation ◽  
Solar Irradiation ◽  
Testing System ◽  
Partial Shading ◽  
Pv Array ◽  
Pv Module ◽  
Time Period ◽  
Current Voltage ◽  
Pv Modules ◽  
The Impact

The impact of partial shading on photovoltaic (PV) array is discussed in this paper. The partial shading on PV array can significantly decrease the power generation of PV array. This study examines the modeling of PV module which relates with solar irradiation, temperature, and shading pattern. There are different shading patterns on PV array, such as one-string shading, two-strings shading, and much more. The characteristics of current-voltage (I-V) and voltage-power (V-P) curves for each individual the PV array can be different dependent on the multiple MPPs, maximum power points (MPPs). These multiple MPPs are basically lower than the MPP in case of no shading. Therefore, the total generated energy in an interested time period is usually reduced. As a result, this paper proposes the appropriate arrangement of PV modules in a PV array in order to mitigate the impact of partial shading. Finally, the proposed arrangement of PV modules is tested in a testing system. All the obtained results confirms that the proposed arrangement of PV modules is effective and can be applied in practice.

scholarly journals Impact of Partial Shading on the P-V Characteristics and the Maximum Power of a Photovoltaic String

Energies ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (7) ◽  
pp. 1860 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Teo ◽  
Rodney Tan ◽  
V. Mok ◽  
Vigna Ramachandaramurthy ◽  
ChiaKwang Tan
Keyword(s):  
Critical Point ◽  
Solar Irradiance ◽  
Characteristic Curve ◽  
Electrical Power ◽  
Maximum Power ◽  
Photovoltaic System ◽  
Partial Shading ◽  
Photovoltaic Modules ◽  
The Impact

A photovoltaic system is highly susceptible to partial shading. Based on the functionality of a photovoltaic system that relies on solar irradiance to generate electrical power, it is tacitly assumed that the maximum power of a partially shaded photovoltaic system always decreases as the shading heaviness increases. However, the literature has reported that this might not be the case. The maximum power of a partially shaded photovoltaic system under a fixed configuration and partial shading pattern can be highly insusceptible to shading heaviness when a certain critical point is met. This paper presents an investigation of the impact of partial shading and the critical point that reduce the susceptibility of shading heaviness. Photovoltaic string formed by series-connected photovoltaic modules is used in this research. The investigation of the P-V characteristic curve under different numbers of shaded modules and shading heaviness suggests that the photovoltaic string becomes insusceptible to shading heaviness when the shaded modules irradiance reaches a certain critical point. The critical point can vary based on the number of the shaded modules. The formulated equation in this research contributes to determining the critical point for different photovoltaic string sizes and numbers of shaded modules in the photovoltaic string.

scholarly journals Modeling of Photovoltaic Module Using the MATLAB

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
pp. 59-69
Author(s):  
Alok Dhaundiyal ◽  
Divine Atsu
Keyword(s):  
Standard Test ◽  
Electrical Performance ◽  
Photovoltaic Module ◽  
Solar Pv ◽  
Pv Module ◽  
Proposed Model ◽  
Current Voltage ◽  
Pv Modules ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Mathematical Model

This paper presents the modeling and simulation of the characteristics and electrical performance of photovoltaic (PV) solar modules. Genetic coding is applied to obtain the optimized values of parameters within the constraint limit using the software MATLAB. A single diode model is proposed, considering the series and shunt resistances, to study the impact of solar irradiance and temperature on the power-voltage (P-V) and current-voltage (I-V) characteristics and predict the output of solar PV modules. The validation of the model under the standard test conditions (STC) and different values of temperature and insolation is performed, as well as an evaluation using experimentally obtained data from outdoor operating PV modules. The obtained results are also subjected to comply with the manufacturer’s data to ensure that the proposed model does not violate the prescribed tolerance range. The range of variation in current and voltage lies in the domain of 8.21 – 8.5 A and 22 – 23 V, respectively; while the predicted solutions for current and voltage vary from 8.28 – 8.68 A and 23.79 – 24.44 V, respectively. The measured experimental power of the PV module estimated to be 148 – 152 W is predicted from the mathematical model and the obtained values of simulated solution are in the domain of 149 – 157 W. The proposed scheme was found to be very effective at determining the influence of input factors on the modules, which is difficult to determine through experimental means.

scholarly journals The Impact of Application of Photovoltaic Cells for Bus Ecological Properties / Wpływ Zastosowania Ogniw Fotowoltaicznych Na Ekologiczność Autobusu Miejskiego

2012 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 159-170
Author(s):  
Jerzy Merkisz ◽  
Paweł Fuc ◽  
Maciej Bajerlein ◽  
Piotr Lijewski ◽  
Łukasz Rymaniak ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Solar Energy ◽  
Public Transport ◽  
Environmental Performance ◽  
Photovoltaic Cells ◽  
Urban Traffic ◽  
Photovoltaic System ◽  
Relative Influence ◽  
Gas Analyzer ◽  
Measurement Systems ◽  
The Impact

Abstract The paper presents discusses the application of photovoltaic cells and provides information on solar energy in Poland. Article presents examples of research emission two buses, one of them was equipped with additional auxiliary photovoltaic system. Measurements was carried out in on-road, in urban traffic - bus line public transport. For measurement was used mobile gas analyzer included in Portable Emissions Measurement Systems (PEMS). The results have been developed in such a way as to determine the relative influence of the system implemented on the total environmental performance of the vehicle.

scholarly journals Shadow dispersion of PV Array under variable irradiance for superior power Generation by Magic Square Configuration

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (1.8) ◽  
pp. 172 ◽  
Author(s):  
G Sreenivasa Reddy ◽  
T Bramhananda Reddy ◽  
M Vijaya Kumar
Keyword(s):  
Power Generation ◽  
Power Loss ◽  
Electrical Power ◽  
Partial Shading ◽  
Magic Square ◽  
Photovoltaic Modules ◽  
Pv Array ◽  
Pv Modules ◽  
Square Configuration ◽  
Comparison Data

The PV array generates smaller amount of the power compared with other electrical power generation components. There are many components that are adversely effected the output of PV array in such components, one is partial shading. Due to this, each module in PV array receives different solar irradiations causes different P-V characteristics of its peak values. This paper presents a pioneering method called as Magic Square configuration has been proposed to enhance the generated power of photovoltaic modules by configuring those are under affect of shade. Thus there is no change of electrical arrangement of PV modules in an array but only the objective location in the total cross tied (TCT) array is rearranged according to the magic square arrangement. Proposed paper gives comparison data with the conventional configuration method and hence the performance is calculated. The proposed technique provides a better solution that how shadow effect on the PV  modules has been reduced and how this shadow is distributed, and not only that also gives an idea  about how the inequality losses due to the partial shading is effectively reduced. The power loss of  various configurations of 3X3 and 4X4 array has been compared. The proposed technique is validated through MATLAB/Simulink environment. 

scholarly journals Detection of Hotspots and Performance Deteriotations in PV Modules under Partial Shading Conditions Using Infrared Thermography

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 71
Author(s):  
Onyinye Emmanuella Ikejiofor ◽  
Yeboah Emmanuel Asuamah ◽  
Howard O. Njoku ◽  
Samuel O. Enibe
Keyword(s):  
Infrared Thermography ◽  
Thermal Imager ◽  
Ambient Conditions ◽  
Partial Shading ◽  
Surface Areas ◽  
Current Voltage ◽  
Pv Modules ◽  
Thermal Patterns ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Infrared Thermal Imager

Operating photovoltaic (PV) modules are frequently shaded by nearby structures, vegetation, droppings, etc., and this reduces the effective incident solar radiation received by the modules. Shading also reduces the power output of PV modules and, under certain conditions, causes the formation of hotspots. In this study, a wide variety of partial shading scenarios were investigated to evaluate their effects on the output current, voltage and efficiencies, and hotspot formation in mono-crystalline and poly-crystalline PV modules operating under the ambient conditions experienced in Nsukka, Nigeria. Sixteen shading cases were considered, including 20%, 40%, 60% and 80% of the modules’ surface areas shaded parallel to the long sides, parallel to the short sides, diagonally and randomly. Test ambient conditions, module outputs and surface thermal patterns were simultaneously monitored using a digital solarimeter, multimeter and infrared thermal imager, respectively. The outputs of the modules decreased to almost zero when as little as 40% of the module surfaces were shaded, with the reductions in performance being more severe in the mono-crystalline modules than in the poly-crystalline modules. The infrared thermography revealed the thermal patterns under the different shading conditions and showed that the random shading of the modules was the most likely to result in hotspots.

scholarly journals A Non-Invasive Procedure for Estimating the Exponential Model Parameters of Bypass Diodes in Photovoltaic Modules

Energies ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 303 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeisson Vélez-Sánchez ◽  
Juan Bastidas-Rodríguez ◽  
Carlos Ramos-Paja ◽  
Daniel González Montoya ◽  
Luz Trejos-Grisales
Keyword(s):  
Invasive Procedure ◽  
Exponential Model ◽  
Model Parameters ◽  
Estimation Errors ◽  
Photovoltaic Modules ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Pv Module ◽  
Current Voltage ◽  
Pv Modules ◽  
Two Parameters

Bypass diodes (BDs) present in photovoltaic (PV) modules are represented by the exponential model, which requires two parameters: the inverse-saturation current ( I s a t , d b ) and the ideality factor ( η d b ). However, it is difficult to estimate those parameters since the terminals of the BDs are not isolated, hence there is only access to the series connection of the module BDs. This problem must be addressed since inaccurate BDs parameters could produce errors in the reproduction of the current-voltage (I-V) curves of commercial PV modules, which lead to wrong predictions of the power production. This paper proposes a non-invasive procedure to estimate I s a t , d b and η d b of the bypass diodes present in a PV module using two experimental I-V curves. One I-V curve is measured completely covering the submodule of the module whose BD will be parameterized; while the other I-V curve is measured without any shadow on the module. From those curves, the I-V curve of the BD is estimated and I s a t , d b and η d b are calculated by solving a system of two nonlinear equations. The proposed procedure is validated through simulations and experimental results considering a commercial PV module formed by three submodules, where the estimation errors in the reproduction of the BD I-V curve are less than 1% in the simulations and less than 10% in the experiments.

scholarly journals Evaluation of the impact of partial shading and its transmittance on the performance of crystalline silicon photovoltaic modules

2017 ◽  
Vol 12 (21) ◽  
pp. 286-294
Author(s):  
Faye Issa ◽  
Ndiaye Ababacar ◽  
Kobor Diouma ◽  
Thiame Moustapha ◽  
Sene Cheickh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Crystalline Silicon ◽  
Partial Shading ◽  
Photovoltaic Modules ◽  
The Impact

scholarly journals Improving the Efficiency of Partially Shaded Photovoltaic Modules without Bypass Diodes

Electronics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (9) ◽  
pp. 1046
Author(s):  
Anas Al Tarabsheh ◽  
Muhammad Akmal ◽  
Mohammed Ghazal
Keyword(s):  
Power Loss ◽  
Output Current ◽  
Partial Shading ◽  
Photovoltaic Modules ◽  
Pv Module ◽  
Performance Reduction ◽  
Mode 2 ◽  
Pv Modules ◽  
Connection Type ◽  
Mode 3

Photovoltaic (PV) modules comprise bypass diodes to limit hotspot formation. However, they suffer from performance reduction in the presence of partial shading. This paper proposes external circuitry to control the connection type (series/parallel) of the PV cells through a pair of on/off switches resulting in three different operation modes. Mode 1 represents the typical 36 series-connected cells, while mode 2 represents two parallel-connected strings, and mode 3 maximizes the output current where the four strings are connected in parallel. The added values of the approach are that (1) the output current of the PV module can be increased without the need for a buck-boost converter and (2) the partial shading has less impact on the output power than the adoption of bypass diodes. This work shows that simulating three monocrystalline PV modules (120 W, 200 W, and 241 W), consisting of 36, 60, and 72 series-connected cells, lose about 74% when one cell has 80% shading in the absence of bypass diodes. The application of a bypass diode for each pair of strings in the PV module improves this decrease to 61.89%, 40.66%, and 39.47%, respectively. According to our proposed approach, this power loss can be significantly decreased to 19.59%, 50%, and 50.01% for the three PV modules, respectively, representing more than a 42% improvement compared to bypass diodes.

scholarly journals Experimental Investigation of Photovoltaic Partial Shading Losses under Different Operation Conditions

2020 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
pp. 35-44
Author(s):  
Ali H. Numan ◽  
Zahraa Salman Dawood ◽  
Hashim A. Hussein
Keyword(s):  
Photovoltaic System ◽  
Transparent Material ◽  
Radiation Level ◽  
Partial Shading ◽  
Operation Conditions ◽  
Pv Panel ◽  
Pv Module ◽  
Module Performance ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Vertical Cell

The partial shading conditions have a significant effect on the performance of Photovoltaic system and the ability of delivering energy. In this study, the impact of different partial shading on the mono crystalline (88W) PV module performance was investigated in this study. Horizontal string, vertical string, and single cell shading at different percentage of shading area have been studied. It is found that the horizontal string shading is more severe on the efficiency of the PV panel. In contrast, the efficiency of PV panel with cellular and vertical cell shading was less during the tests. The experimental results showed that the power losses were 99.8%, 66% and 56.8 % for horizontal, cellular and vertical shading respectively via applied non transparent material as shading element by 100% of shading area at 500 W/m2. Moreover, transparent material used to shade whole module horizontally, different shading area and different radiation level applied to find electrical characteristics of the module under these conditions. The results show that at 800W/m2 of irradiation levels and no shading condition the power was 68.6W, by increase shading area by 20% in each step, the power reducing by 44.94, 47.58, 49.42, 50.57 and 52.4% in compared with their initial value at no shading condition.

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