scholarly journals Electric Boosting and Energy Recovery Systems for Engine Downsizing

Energies ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (24) ◽  
pp. 4636 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mamdouh Alshammari ◽  
Fuhaid Alshammari ◽  
Apostolos Pesyridis
Keyword(s):  
Fuel Economy ◽  
Energy Recovery ◽  
Passenger Cars ◽  
Pros And Cons ◽  
Boosting Method ◽  
Increasing Demand ◽  
Selection Of

Due to the increasing demand for better fuel economy and increasingly stringent emissions regulations, engine manufacturers have paid attention towards engine downsizing as the most suitable technology to meet these requirements. This study sheds light on the technology currently available or under development that enables engine downsizing in passenger cars. Pros and cons, and any recently published literature of these systems, will be considered. The study clearly shows that no certain boosting method is superior. Selection of the best boosting method depends largely on the application and complexity of the system.

Analytical support to organization system of children transportation in long-distance trains

2018 ◽  
Vol 77 (6) ◽  
pp. 232-330
Author(s):  
A. V. Komissarov ◽  
E. A. Makarova ◽  
S. V. Muktepavel ◽  
I. A. Nestrakhov ◽  
I. N. Spesivtseva
Keyword(s):  
Time Of Arrival ◽  
Control Analysis ◽  
Social Significance ◽  
Passenger Cars ◽  
Long Distance ◽  
Number Of Children ◽  
Passenger Traffic ◽  
Destination Station ◽  
Increasing Demand ◽  
Management Functions

Abstract. In modern conditions for passenger complex of Russian Railways, important tasks include improvement of transportation quality, maintenance of stable positions in a competitive environment and increasing demand. To address these issues, a customer-oriented approach is applied based on the segmentation of transport market in relation to certain groups of passengers. Performance of children's transportation is of particular relevance and social significance. Railways are charged with a huge range of work, including sale of travel documents, preparation and equipping of passenger cars, provision of food during the trip, instructing workers, ensuring security during the embarkation/disembarkation of passengers, etc. Children can travel as individually with accompanying persons and as part of organized groups. Processes of planning, organizing, monitoring the transportation of this age category of passengers are associated with the analysis of a large amount of reference and regulatory and reporting documentation. On the basis of the ACS “Express-3”, a program-analytical complex “Children's transportation” was developed and implemented, which allows to receive data at the regional and network levels in the operational (train number, day) and statistical (period of dates, month) modes. This information technology provides analytical support for key transportation management functions — planning, control, analysis. Planning of transportation of organized children's groups is carried out on the basis of a study of the dynamics of data on the number of applications received and travel documents issued, determining the routes of trains, periods of the highest intensity of passenger traffic, obtaining information about the stations of embarkation and disembarkation. To perform the functions of monitoring the embarkation and disembarkation at the destination station of groups of children, the employees involved receive information on the train number, car number, date and time of arrival, number of children in the group using the Children's Transportation software. For the analysis of transportation of children's age categories, a functional has been developed that ensures the construction of aggregated reporting based on trains data that completed the trip. Users receive reporting information in table form, including “strict” (designed according to the approved layout) and “flexible” forms (construction is performed according to specified parameters). Software and analytical complex is designed for managers and specialists of the passenger unit of the JSC “Russian Railways”, has a modular principle of increasing functionality and provides a solution to current problems in the system of organizing children's transport service.

scholarly journals Counter-Interception and Counter-Exploitation Features of Noise Radar Technology

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (22) ◽  
pp. 4509
Author(s):  
Gaspare Galati ◽  
Gabriele Pavan ◽  
Kubilay Savci ◽  
Christoph Wasserzier
Keyword(s):  
Information Theory ◽  
Technological Progress ◽  
A Priori ◽  
A Priori Knowledge ◽  
Noise Radar ◽  
Low Probability ◽  
Increasing Demand ◽  
Signal Processors ◽  
Function Information ◽  
Selection Of

In defense applications, the main features of radars are the Low Probability of Intercept (LPI) and the Low Probability of Exploitation (LPE). The counterpart uses more and more capable intercept receivers and signal processors thanks to the ongoing technological progress. Noise Radar Technology (NRT) is probably a very effective answer to the increasing demand for operational LPI/LPE radars. The design and selection of the radiated waveforms, while respecting the prescribed spectrum occupancy, has to comply with the contrasting requirements of LPI/LPE and of a favorable shape of the ambiguity function. Information theory seems to be a “technologically agnostic” tool to attempt to quantify the LPI/LPE capability of noise waveforms with little, or absent, a priori knowledge of the means and the strategies used by the counterpart. An information theoretical analysis can lead to practical results in the design and selection of NRT waveforms.

scholarly journals Design Analysis of Chassis used in Self-Propelled Onion Harvester using FEA Tool

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (VI) ◽  
pp. 3099-3105
Author(s):  
Kiran Gosavi
Keyword(s):  
Fuel Economy ◽  
Factor Of Safety ◽  
Material Selection ◽  
High Yield ◽  
Force Distribution ◽  
Element Analysis ◽  
Pros And Cons ◽  
Induced Stresses ◽  
Selection Strength ◽  
Comparative Results

Onion farming is more commonly practiced for an irrigated crop, resulting in a high yield with large sized bulbs. Manual harvesting of an onion being meticulous requires a large amount of manpower as well as time. Thus, we have constructed and evaluated a self-propelled onion harvester which will have good performance in terms of productivity, fuel economy, less damage to crop and operator comfort. This paper is intended to discuss the results of the design and analysis of the chassis under the guidelines of the SAE TIFAN rulebook [1]. The chassis is designed using tool CATIA V5 followed by Finite element analysis (FEA) using ANSYS and the consequent results have been plotted and comparative results of old and modified chassis has proposed. During chassis designing and analysis, several factors are taken into account like material selection, strength, durability, boundary conditions, force distribution, induced stresses, optimum factor of safety, ergonomics and aesthetics. All the decisions for design are based on all pros and cons from testing and results of previous competitions.

scholarly journals Transplantation of the Mediterranean seagrass Posidonia oceanica through naturalistic engineering techniques: value, weakness and further improvements

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stefano Acunto ◽  
Luigi Piazzi ◽  
Francesco L. Cinelli ◽  
Anna Maria De Biasi ◽  
Lorenzo Pacciardi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Conditions ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Focal Point ◽  
Posidonia Oceanica ◽  
Hydrodynamic Conditions ◽  
Coastal System ◽  
Pros And Cons ◽  
The Mediterranean ◽  
Selection Of

Transplantation of seagrasses is considered a useful method to favour the recovery of degraded meadows. Hence, many projects have been carried out worldwide and a manifold of techniques have been applied. However, the choice of transplantation procedures remains a main problem to be assessed. In order to optimize efforts and to minimize risks of plants loss, the applied methodologies should take into account typology of hosting substratum, hydrodynamic conditions, depth and seagrass species. Due to their fundamental ecological role in the Mediterranean coastal system, many restoration projects aiming to preserve Posidonia oceanica meadows took place in the last decades. Several transplantation techniques have produced different results. In fact the same transplanting methodology may originate diverse results under different environmental conditions. Recently, naturalistic engineering techniques developed on land, have been used for transplantations of P. oceanica. Pilot projects concerning small surfaces were carried out between 2006 and 2010. More recently, a large-scale program (0.1 km2) was realized in 2012 at Civitavecchia (Roma, Thyrrenian Sea). The applied technique consists basically of mattresses filled with sand coupled with a net covering able to hold steady in situ the plant rhizomes. These structures have been variously modified in time to be adapted to the different type of substratum and various hydrodynamic conditions of the transplanting sites. Following the results of these transplantation experiences, we analyzed pros and cons of the techniques in order to improve the methodology. Firstly, these techniques may be considered suitable to large-scale projects allowing to minimize transplantation times. Secondly, the rhizomes may be successfully fixed to the structures; the majority of the transplanted shoots was not damaged showing a very good vegetative vitality with the production of new rhizomes, leaves and roots few months after transplanting. Finally, this procedure is flexible, as the basic technique can be modified and tailored to the various environmental conditions of the different receiving site. However, the results obtained in different areas are highly heterogeneous suggesting that a careful selection of the hosting site is a focal point. To this aim, a pilot study before the beginning of large-scale project seems mandatory, providing a fundamental support to guarantee successful results.

scholarly journals Analysis of the Modified Construction of the Column Mechanism MacPherson

2018 ◽  
Vol 19 (11) ◽  
pp. 41-44
Author(s):  
Marek Kwietniewski ◽  
Tadeusz Bil
Keyword(s):  
Mathematical Model ◽  
Steering Wheel ◽  
Passenger Cars ◽  
Proper Selection ◽  
Front Suspension ◽  
Change Of Direction ◽  
Partial Elimination ◽  
Selection Of

The McPherson column name comes from the inventor of this Earle S. MacPherson solution, which was first manufactured at the Ford plant in 1949. This is one of the most commonly used types of front suspension in popular passenger cars. The advantage of this type of suspension is a compact construction, but the disadvantage is. The influence of the damping motion on the position of the steering wheel may result in an unintentional change of direction of travel. At the same time, there is a slight additional tilt of the wheels when the "spring" movement. In the proposed solution, partial elimination of this type of incorrectness is proposed by changing the type of connection of the steering rod end to the steering wheels of the vehicle. The introduced change consists in replacing one of the spherical joints in these joints into two rotary joints. Such a change introduces a mathematical model describing the behavior of the suspension under the influence of the depreciation of additional parameters. Proper selection of these parameters allows for significant reduction of unnecessary direction changes during driving. The described model of the structure of the mechanism allows to analyze the influence of all its dimensions on the selected parameters of the behavior of the wheels during the ride, resulting from the movement of the suspension and steering.

Fuel economy of new passenger cars in Mexico: Trends from 1988 to 2008 and prospects

Energy Policy ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 39 (12) ◽  
pp. 8153-8162 ◽  
Author(s):  
Claudia Sheinbaum-Pardo ◽  
Carlos Chávez-Baeza
Keyword(s):  
Fuel Economy ◽  
Passenger Cars
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