scholarly journals Thermal Degradation Kinetics and FT-IR Analysis on the Pyrolysis of Pinus pseudostrobus, Pinus leiophylla and Pinus montezumae as Forest Waste in Western Mexico

Energies ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 969
Author(s):  
José Juan Alvarado Flores ◽  
José Guadalupe Rutiaga Quiñones ◽  
María Liliana Ávalos Rodríguez ◽  
Jorge Víctor Alcaraz Vera ◽  
Jaime Espino Valencia ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Degradation Kinetics ◽  
Thermal Degradation Kinetics ◽  
Heating Rates ◽  
Western Mexico ◽  
Pinus Montezumae ◽  
Multi Stage ◽  
Forest Waste ◽  
N2 Atmosphere ◽  
Ft Ir ◽  
Pinus Pseudostrobus

For the first time, a study has been carried out on the pyrolysis of wood residues from Pinus pseudostrobus, Pinus leiophylla and Pinus montezumae, from an area in Western México using TGA analysis to determine the main kinetic parameters (Ea and Z) at different heating rates in a N2 atmosphere. The samples were heated from 25 °C to 800 °C with six different heating rates 5–30 °C min−1. The Ea, was calculated using different widely known mathematical models such as Friedman, Flynn-Wall-Ozawa and Kissinger-Akahira-Sunose. The Ea value of 126.58, 123.22 and 112.72 kJ/mol (P. pseudostrobus), 146.15, 143.24 and 132.76 kJ/mol (P. leiophylla) and 148.12, 151.8 and 141.25 kJ/mol (P. montezumae) respectively, was found for each method. A variation in Ea with respect to conversion was observed with the three models used, revealing that pyrolysis of pines progresses through more complex, multi-stage kinetics. FT-IR spectroscopy was conducted to determine the functional groups present in the three species of conifers. This research will allow future decisions to be made, and possibly, to carry out this process in a biomass reactor and therefore the production of H2 for the generation of energy through a fuel cell.

Characterization and thermal degradation kinetics of thermoplastic polyimide based on BAPP

2017 ◽  
Vol 30 (7) ◽  
pp. 787-793 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xu Su ◽  
Yong Xu ◽  
Linshuang Li ◽  
Chaoran Song
Keyword(s):  
Thermogravimetric Analysis ◽  
Thermal Degradation ◽  
Degradation Kinetics ◽  
Degradation Process ◽  
Thermal Degradation Kinetics ◽  
Heating Rates ◽  
Step Method ◽  
Nitrogen Derivative ◽  
Degradation Reaction ◽  
Kinetics Of

Two kinds of thermoplastic polyimides (PIs) were synthesized via a two-step method with 2,2-bis[4-(4-aminophenoxy)phenyl]propane (BAPP), 4,4′-oxydianiline (ODA) diamine, and 3,3′,4,4′-benzophenonetetracarboxylic dianhydride (BTDA), and their thermal degradation kinetics was studied by thermogravimetric analysis at different heating rates under nitrogen. Derivative thermogravimetric analysis curves indicated a simple, single-stage degradation process in PI BTDA-BAPP and a two-stage degradation process in PI BTDA-ODA-BAPP. The activation energies ( Eas) of the thermal degradation reaction were determined by the Flynn–Wall–Ozawa and Kissinger–Akahira–Sunose methods without a knowledge of the kinetic reaction mechanism. By comparing the values of Ea and weight loss temperatures, it was demonstrated that the thermal stability of PI BTDA-ODA-BAPP was superior to that of PI BTDA-BAPP.

scholarly journals Thermal Behavior of Sweet Potato Starch by Non-Isothermal Thermogravimetric Analysis

Materials ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (5) ◽  
pp. 699 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ying Liu ◽  
Liutao Yang ◽  
Chunping Ma ◽  
Yingzhe Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Thermogravimetric Analysis ◽  
Thermal Degradation ◽  
Sweet Potato ◽  
Degradation Kinetics ◽  
Potato Starch ◽  
Activation Energies ◽  
Thermal Degradation Kinetics ◽  
Heating Rates ◽  
Scanning Calorimetry ◽  
Sweet Potato Starch

In this study, X-ray diffraction (XRD), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) methods were used to study the structure, the thermal degradation kinetics, and the thermogram of sweet potato starch, respectively. The thermal decomposition kinetics of sweet potato starch was examined within different heating rates in a nitrogen atmosphere. Different models of kinetic analysis were used to calculate the activation energies using the thermogravimetric data of the thermal degradation process. The activation energies got from Kissinger, Flynn–Wall–Ozawa, and Šatava–Šesták models were 173.85, 174.87, and 174.34 kJ·mol−1, respectively. Thermogravimetry–Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (TG-FTIR) analysis showed that the main pyrolysis products included water, carbon dioxide, and methane.

scholarly journals Polyurethane/Silane-Functionalized ZrO2 Nanocomposite Powder Coatings: Thermal Degradation Kinetics

Coatings ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 413 ◽  
Author(s):  
Farimah Tikhani ◽  
Behzad Shirkavand Hadavand ◽  
Hamed Fakharizadeh Bafghi ◽  
Maryam Jouyandeh ◽  
Henri Vahabi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Degradation ◽  
Degradation Kinetics ◽  
Thermal Degradation Kinetics ◽  
Zro2 Nanoparticles ◽  
Powder Coatings ◽  
Nanocomposite Powder ◽  
Heating Rates ◽  
Zro2 Content ◽  
Sem Images ◽  
Zro2 Powder

A polyurethane (PU)-based powder coating reinforced with vinyltrimethoxysilane (VTMS)-functionalized ZrO2 nanoparticles (V-ZrO2) for thermal stability was developed. Chemical structure, microstructure and thermal degradation kinetics of the prepared coatings were investigated. The peak of aliphatic C–H vibrating bond in the Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectrum of V-ZrO2 was a signature of VTMS attachment. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) images reveled that, by increase of V-ZrO2 content from 0.1 to 0.3 wt.% and then 0.5 wt.%, some agglomerations of nanoparticles are formed in the PU matrix. Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) of the PU/V-ZrO2 powder coatings was performed at different heating rates nonisothermally to capture alteration of activation energy (Ea) of degradation of PU/V-ZrO2 powder coatings as a function of partial mass loss by using Friedman, Kissinger–Akahira-Sunose (KAS), Ozawa–Wall–Flynn (FWO) and modified Coats–Redfern isoconversional approaches. It was observed that by addition of 1 wt.% V-ZrO2 to PU resin the early state degradation temperature at 5% weight loss increased about 65 °C, suggesting a physical barrier effect limiting the volatility of free radicals and decomposition products. Incorporation of 5 wt.% ZrO2 led to about 16% and 10% increase in Ea and LnA of blank PU, respectively, which was indicative of higher thermal resistance of nanocomposite powder coatings against thermal degradation. There was also obvious agreement between model outputs and experimental data. The results reveal that nanocomposite coating shows superior thermal properties compared to neat PU powder coatings, and the presence of nano ZrO2 in sufficient amount causes retardation of the thermal decomposition process.

Effect of Pd Nanoparticle on the Thermal Degradation Kinetics of Nylon 6/Pd Nanocomposite Prepared by a Dry Process

2012 ◽  
Vol 486 ◽  
pp. 27-33 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jae Young Lee ◽  
Sung Wan Hong ◽  
Kyeong Sik Han ◽  
Taeck Hong Lee ◽  
Hong Ki Lee
Keyword(s):  
Activation Energy ◽  
Thermal Degradation ◽  
Degradation Kinetics ◽  
Pd Nanoparticles ◽  
Nylon 6 ◽  
Thermal Degradation Kinetics ◽  
Heating Rates ◽  
Dry Process ◽  
Effect Of Pd ◽  
Kinetics Of

Palladium (Pd) nanoparticles were incorporated into a nylon 6 film via a dry process which consisted of simultaneous vaporization, penetration and reduction processes of palladium (II) bis (acetylacetonate, Pd (acac)2) at 180°C for various exposure time. The even dispersion of the generated Pd nanoparticles were observed by transmission electron microscope (TEM) and the Pd loading weight of about 15~43 wt% was measured by thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). In order to study the catalytic effect of Pd nanoparticles on the thermal degradation kinetics of nylon 6, TGA data at various heating rates were introduced to Flynn & Wall equation. The thermal degradation activation energy for neat nylon 6 was ca. 162~178 kJ/mol over the thermal degradation fraction of 0.05~0.40 while that of the nylon 6/Pd (26.5 wt%) nanocomposite was ca. 110~169 kJ/mol over the same fraction range. It meant the Pd nanoparticles were acted as a catalyst on the depolymerization of amide group in nylon 6. It was also found that the activation energy decreased slightly with the increasing Pd loading weight.

Thermal degradation kinetics of oxo-degradable PP/PLA blends

2018 ◽  
Vol 39 (1) ◽  
pp. 58-67 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dev K. Mandal ◽  
Haripada Bhunia ◽  
Pramod K. Bajpai
Keyword(s):  
Activation Energy ◽  
Thermal Stability ◽  
Thermogravimetric Analysis ◽  
Thermal Degradation ◽  
Kinetic Parameters ◽  
Degradation Kinetics ◽  
Nitrogen Atmosphere ◽  
Thermal Degradation Kinetics ◽  
Heating Rates ◽  
Kinetics Of

AbstractIn this article, the influence of polylactide and pro-oxidant on the thermal stability, degradation kinetics, and lifetime of polypropylene has been investigated using thermogravimetric analysis under nitrogen atmosphere at four different heating rates (i.e. 5, 10, 15, and 20°C/min). The kinetic parameters of degradation were studied over a temperature range of 30–550°C. The derivative thermogravimetric curves have indicated single stage and two stage degradation processes. The activation energy was evaluated by using the Kissinger, Kim-Park, and Flynn-Wall methods under the nitrogen atmosphere. The activation energy value of polypropylene was much higher than that of polylactide. Addition of polylactide and pro-oxidant in polypropylene decreased the activation energy. The lifetime of polypropylene has also decreased with the addition of polylactide and pro-oxidant.

Thermal degradation kinetics and lifetime of HDPE/PLLA/pro-oxidant blends

2016 ◽  
Vol 36 (9) ◽  
pp. 917-931 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gaurav Madhu ◽  
Dev K. Mandal ◽  
Haripada Bhunia ◽  
Pramod K. Bajpai
Keyword(s):  
Activation Energy ◽  
Thermal Degradation ◽  
Degradation Kinetics ◽  
Model Fitting ◽  
Frequency Factor ◽  
Thermal Degradation Kinetics ◽  
Heating Rates ◽  
Model Free ◽  
Calculation Technique ◽  
Thermal Degradation Behavior

Abstract The effect of adding poly(L-lactic acid) (PLLA) with and without a pro-oxidant additive cobalt stearate (CoSt) and compatibilizer maleic anhydride grafted polyethylene (MA-g-PE) on the thermal degradation and stability of high-density polyethylene (HDPE) films was analyzed using thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). The kinetic parameters [i.e. activation energy (Ea), order of reaction (n), and frequency factor ln(A)] of the samples were studied over a temperature range of 25°C–600°C at four heating rates (i.e. 5, 10, 15, and 20°C/min) through model-free techniques (e.g. Friedman, second Kissinger, and Flynn-Wall-Ozawa) and model-fitting techniques (e.g. Freeman-Carroll and Kim-Park). The value of Ea for neat HDPE was found to be much higher than PLLA; for the HDPE/PLLA blend, it was nearer to that of HDPE. An increase in the activation energy of 80/20 (HDPE/PLLA) blend was noticed by the addition of MA-g-PE. The TGA data and degradation kinetics were also used to predict the lifetime of the film samples. The lifetime of HDPE was found to decrease with the increase in the concentration of CoSt, thereby revealing its pro-oxidative ability. Minimum lifetime was noted for the HDPE/PLLA (80/20) sample blended with CoSt, which increased slightly in the presence of MA-g-PE. Studies indicated that the thermal degradation behavior and lifetime of the investigated film samples depends not only on the fractions of their constituents but also on the heating rates and calculation technique.

Thermal Degradation Kinetics of a Intumescent Flame Retardant System for Halogen-Free Flame Retarded EVA

2012 ◽  
Vol 550-553 ◽  
pp. 2767-2772
Author(s):  
Xiu Yun Li ◽  
De Tian Liao ◽  
Han Bing Ma ◽  
Kang Lin Xu ◽  
An Bin Tang
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Degradation ◽  
Flame Retardant ◽  
Degradation Kinetics ◽  
Thermo Gravimetric Analysis ◽  
Intumescent Flame Retardant ◽  
Thermal Degradation Kinetics ◽  
Flame Retardance ◽  
Gravimetric Analysis ◽  
Heating Rates ◽  
Limiting Oxygen Index

An intumescent flame retardant (IFR) system containing phosphorus-silicon (EMPZR) and ammonium polyphosphate (APP) was used to improve the flame retardancy of poly(ethylene-co-vinyl acetate)(EVA). The influence of EMPZR contents on the flame retardance of EVA/EMPZR/APP composites has been studied. It was found that the reasonable mass ratio of EMPZR/APP in EVA/EMPZR/APP composites is 20/20, whose limiting oxygen index (LOI) value was improved from 19.0 for EVA to 28.6, and the burning grading reached to UL-94 V-0. The thermal behavior of EVA and IFR-EVA was investigated by dynamic thermo gravimetric analysis (TGA) at different heating rates and then the thermal degradation activation energies of EVA and IFR-EVA were determined by using Flynn-Wall-Ozawa method. Meanwhile, morphology of the char residue obtained from burning IFR-EVA in LOI test was studied through the scanning electron microscopy SEM observation, the rich compact char layer in which could explain the good flame retardance and the synergistic effect between EMPZR and APP.

Thermal degradation kinetics of PP/PLA nanocomposite blends

2018 ◽  
Vol 32 (12) ◽  
pp. 1714-1730 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dev K Mandal ◽  
Haripada Bhunia ◽  
Pramod K Bajpai
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Degradation ◽  
Degradation Kinetics ◽  
Frequency Factor ◽  
Nitrogen Atmosphere ◽  
Thermal Degradation Kinetics ◽  
Heating Rates ◽  
Degradation Kinetic ◽  
Thermal Degradation Behavior ◽  
Kinetics Of ◽  
Thermal Stability Of

In this article, the effect of adding polylactide (PLA) and nanoclay on the thermal stability of polypropylene (PP) films was analyzed using thermogravimetric analysis. The thermal degradation kinetic parameters such as activation energy ( Ea), order of reaction ( n), and frequency factor (ln ( Z)) of the samples were studied over a temperature range of 30–550°C. Analyses were performed under nitrogen atmosphere with four different heating rates (i.e. 5, 10, 15, and 20°C min−1). The Ea was calculated by Kissinger, Kim–Park, and Flynn–Wall methods. The Ea value of PP was much higher than PLA, whereas the addition of PLA and nanoclay in PP decreased the Ea. The addition of compatibilizer increased the compatibility and Ea of blended films upto some extent. The lifetime of PP was found to be decreased with the addition of PLA and nanoclay. Studies indicated that the thermal degradation behavior and lifetime of the investigated samples depend on the fractions of constituents and heating rates.

Synthesis, characterization, and thermal degradation kinetics of poly(styrene-co-N-maleimide isobutyl polyhedral oligosilsesquioxane)

2016 ◽  
Vol 30 (4) ◽  
pp. 490-503 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fehmi Saltan ◽  
Hakan Akat ◽  
Fatih Sefa Arıkan
Keyword(s):  
Maleic Anhydride ◽  
Thermal Degradation ◽  
Degradation Kinetics ◽  
Gel Permeation Chromatography ◽  
Proton Nuclear Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Thermal Degradation Kinetics ◽  
Differential Scanning Calorimetric ◽  
Heating Rates ◽  
Polyhedral Oligosilsesquioxane ◽  
Integral Methods

This study demonstrated that poly(styrene- co- N-maleimide isobutyl polyhedral oligosilsesquioxane (POSS)) (P(S- co-NMIP)) was successfully prepared using free radical polymerization. For this purpose, firstly, N-maleimide isobutyl POSS (NMIP) was synthesized using aminopropyllsobutyl POSS (POSS-NH2) and maleic anhydride. Secondly, P(S- co-NMIP) was synthesized using styrene, NMIP, and 2,2-azobis(isobutyronitrile) as initiator in tetrahydrofuran for 24 h at 75°C to give copolymer. The synthesized polymer and compounds were characterized by proton nuclear magnetic resonance, gel permeation chromatography, and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. Thermal behaviors of P(S- co-NMIP) were analyzed using thermogravimetric and differential scanning calorimetric analyses. The apparent activation energies ( Es) for thermal degradation of P(S- co-NMIP) were obtained by integral methods (Flynn–Wall–Ozawa (FWO) and Kissinger). P(S- co-NMIP) was heated thermogravimetrically under various heating rates such as 5, 10, 15, and 20°C min−1 at a temperature range of 30–1000°C to determine their thermal degradation mechanisms. The values of E for P(S- co-NMIP) were found to be 127.5 ± 2.3 and 134.4 ± 14.8 kJ mol−1 for FWO and Kissinger methods, respectively. Also, the values of E of synthesized copolymer (P(S- co-NMIP)) were compared with styrene- co-maleic anhydride copolymer in literature.

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