scholarly journals Effects of Biodiesel Addition on the Physical Properties and Reactivity of the Exhaust Soot Particles from Diesel Engine

Energies ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (16) ◽  
pp. 4206
Author(s):  
Xuyang Zhang ◽  
Gang Lyu ◽  
Chonglin Song ◽  
Yuehan Qiao
Keyword(s):  
Thermogravimetric Analysis ◽  
Physical Properties ◽  
Primary Particle ◽  
Primary Particle Size ◽  
Engine Exhaust ◽  
Soot Particles ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Soot Morphology ◽  
Oxidative Reactivity ◽  
Exhaust Stream

The present study investigated the effects of adding 20 vol.% biodiesel to petroleum diesel (to produce a mixture termed B20) on the physical properties and reactivity of the resulting exhaust soot particles. Tests were performed at different engine loads of a constant speed, and the soot particles from the combustion of B20 and petroleum diesel fuel (DF) were collected from the engine exhaust stream. Transmission electron microscopy and Raman spectroscopy were employed for the analysis of soot morphology and nanostructure. The thermogravimetric analysis was used to determine the oxidative reactivity of the soot. For both the DF and B20 soot, increased engine loads result in soot aggregates with more compact morphology and primary soot particles with larger size and more organized structure. Compared to the DF soot, the B20 aggregates have a slightly more compact morphology and smaller primary particle size. No appreciable differences are observed in nanostructure between the DF and B20 soot. The thermogravimetric analysis demonstrates that the B20 soot is associated with lower peak temperature, burnout temperature and apparent activation energy, suggesting that it is more reactive than the DF soot.

Synthesis of Primary-Particle-Size-Tuned Soot Particles by Controlled Pyrolysis of Hydrocarbon Fuels

2016 ◽  
Vol 30 (8) ◽  
pp. 6614-6619 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sanghwan Cho ◽  
Seunghoon Lee ◽  
Wonnam Lee ◽  
Sunho Park
Keyword(s):  
Particle Size ◽  
Primary Particle ◽  
Primary Particle Size ◽  
Hydrocarbon Fuels ◽  
Soot Particles

Fractal Characteristics of Soot Particles in Ethylene/Air inverse diffusion Flame

2014 ◽  
Vol 953-954 ◽  
pp. 1196-1200 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jian Yi Lv ◽  
Xin Cao ◽  
Cheng Long Meng
Keyword(s):  
Fractal Dimension ◽  
Primary Particle ◽  
Fractal Dimensions ◽  
Flame Height ◽  
Soot Particles ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Primary Particles ◽  
Fractal Characteristics ◽  
Inverse Diffusion ◽  
Inverse Diffusion Flame

Soot is produced in incomplete combustion of fuels, it is harmful to human health and the environment. Sampling points were set along the flame height of different air-fuel ratios in ethylene/air IDF and samples were tested by transmission electron microscopy (TEM). MATLAB software was used to process TEM images, calculated the fractal dimensions of soot samples and analyzed the fractal features. With the increasing of air-fuel ratio, the soot fractal dimension decreases, the size and the number of primary particles included in aggregates increase. With the increasing of flame height, the fractal dimension value decreases, and the size of primary particle increases, the aggregating soot particles are united loose.

Transmission electron microscopy of composite materials

1988 ◽  
Vol 46 ◽  
pp. 1012-1015
Author(s):  
K.P.D. Lagerlof
Keyword(s):  
Composite Materials ◽  
Physical Properties ◽  
Structural Defects ◽  
Structural Composites ◽  
Multiphase Materials ◽  
Structural Reinforcement ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Reinforced Fiber ◽  
Particulate Reinforced Composites ◽  
Definition Of

Although most materials contain more than one phase, and thus are multiphase materials, the definition of composite materials is commonly used to describe those materials containing more than one phase deliberately added to obtain certain desired physical properties. Composite materials are often classified according to their application, i.e. structural composites and electronic composites, but may also be classified according to the type of compounds making up the composite, i.e. metal/ceramic, ceramic/ceramie and metal/semiconductor composites. For structural composites it is also common to refer to the type of structural reinforcement; whisker-reinforced, fiber-reinforced, or particulate reinforced composites [1-4].For all types of composite materials, it is of fundamental importance to understand the relationship between the microstructure and the observed physical properties, and it is therefore vital to properly characterize the microstructure. The interfaces separating the different phases comprising the composite are of particular interest to understand. In structural composites the interface is often the weakest part, where fracture will nucleate, and in electronic composites structural defects at or near the interface will affect the critical electronic properties.

scholarly journals Fabrication and Physical Properties of Single-Crystalline Βeta-FeSi2 Nanowires

2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Chih-Yung Yang ◽  
Shu-Meng Yang ◽  
Yu-Yang Chen ◽  
Kuo-Chang Lu
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Physical Properties ◽  
Chemical Vapor ◽  
Chemical Vapor Deposition Method ◽  
Ferromagnetic Behavior ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Field Emitters ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Single Source Precursor ◽  
Carrier Gases

Abstract In this study, self-catalyzed β-FeSi2 nanowires, having been wanted but seldom achieved in a furnace, were synthesized via chemical vapor deposition method where the fabrication of β-FeSi2 nanowires occurred on Si (100) substrates through the decomposition of the single-source precursor of anhydrous FeCl3 powders at 750–950 °C. We carefully varied temperatures, duration time, and the flow rates of carrier gases to control and investigate the growth of the nanowires. The morphology of the β-FeSi2 nanowires was observed with scanning electron microscopy (SEM), while the structure of them was analyzed with X-ray diffraction (XRD) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The growth mechanism has been proposed and the physical properties of the iron disilicide nanowires were measured as well. In terms of the magnetization of β-FeSi2, nanowires were found to be different from bulk and thin film; additionally, longer β-FeSi2 nanowires possessed better magnetic properties, showing the room-temperature ferromagnetic behavior. Field emission measurements demonstrate that β-FeSi2 nanowires can be applied in field emitters.

Self Assembling Nanostructured Delivery Vehicles for Biochemically Reactive Pairs

1994 ◽  
Vol 351 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nir Kossovsky ◽  
A. Gelman ◽  
H.J. Hnatyszyn ◽  
E. Sponsler ◽  
G.-M. Chow
Keyword(s):  
Physical Properties ◽  
Self Assembly ◽  
Materials Science ◽  
Technology Development ◽  
Biological Behavior ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Self Assembling ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Carbon Ceramic

ABSTRACTIntrigued by the deceptive simplicity and beauty of macromolecular self-assembly, our laboratory began studying models of self-assembly using solids, glasses, and colloidal substrates. These studies have defined a fundamental new colloidal material for supporting members of a biochemically reactive pair.The technology, a molecular transportation assembly, is based on preformed carbon ceramic nanoparticles and self assembled calcium-phosphate dihydrate particles to which glassy carbohydrates are then applied as a nanometer thick surface coating. This carbohydrate coated core functions as a dehydroprotectant and stabilizes surface immobilized members of a biochemically reactive pair. The final product, therefore, consists of three layers. The core is comprised of the ceramic, the second layer is the dehydroprotectant carbohydrate adhesive, and the surface layer is the biochemically reactive molecule for which delivery is desired.We have characterized many of the physical properties of this system and have evaluated the utility of this delivery technology in vitro and in animal models. Physical characterization has included standard and high resolution transmission electron microscopy, electron and x-ray diffraction and ζ potential analysis. Functional assays of the ability of the system to act as a nanoscale dehydroprotecting delivery vehicle have been performed on viral antigens, hemoglobin, and insulin. By all measures at present, the favorable physical properties and biological behavior of the molecular transportation assembly point to an exciting new interdisciplinary area of technology development in materials science, chemistry and biology.

scholarly journals Rat pulmonary responses to inhaled nano-TiO2: effect of primary particle size and agglomeration state

2013 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 48 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexandra Noël ◽  
Michel Charbonneau ◽  
Yves Cloutier ◽  
Robert Tardif ◽  
Ginette Truchon
Keyword(s):  
Particle Size ◽  
Primary Particle ◽  
Primary Particle Size ◽  
Nano Tio2 ◽  
Agglomeration State
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