scholarly journals Power Market Formation for Clean Energy Production as the Prerequisite for the Country’s Energy Security

Energies ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (18) ◽  
pp. 4930
Author(s):  
Manuela Tvaronavičienė ◽  
Evgeny Lisin ◽  
Vladimir Kindra
Keyword(s):  
Greenhouse Gases ◽  
Energy Security ◽  
Gas Turbines ◽  
Energy Production ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Power Market ◽  
Clean Energy ◽  
Fuel Combustion ◽  
Combustion Technology ◽  
Zero Emission

The paper analyzes the main issues of power market development for clean energy production within the broader framework of ensuring the country’s energy security. In addition, special attention is paid to the technologies aimed at reducing emissions of toxic substances and greenhouse gases by the fossil-fired power plants. Even though the future electricity markets would most likely depend on the high shares of renewable energy sources (RES) in the electricity system, energy efficiency such as the one based on the near-zero emission technologies might also play a crucial role in the transition to the carbon-free energy future. In particular, there are the oxy-fuel combustion technologies that might help to reduce the proportion of unburned fuel and increase the efficiency of the power plant while reducing the emissions of flue gases. Our paper focuses on the role and the place of the near-zero emission technologies in the production of clean energy. We applied economic and mathematical models for assessing the prospects for applying oxy-fuel combustion technology in thermal power plants, taking into account the system of emission quotas and changes in the fuel cost. Our results demonstrate that at the current fuel prices, it is advisable to use economical combined cycle gas turbines (CCGT). At the same time, when quotas for greenhouse gas emissions are introduced and fuel costs increase by 1.3 times, it becomes economically feasible to use the oxy-fuel combustion technology which possesses significant economic advantages over CCGT with respect to the capture and storage of greenhouse gases.

Micromixers and Hydrogen Enrichment: The Future Combustion Technology in Zero-Emission Power Plants

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Muzafar Hussain ◽  
Ahmed Abdelhafez ◽  
Medhat A. Nemitallah ◽  
Mohamed A. Habib
Keyword(s):  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Gas Turbines ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Flame Temperature ◽  
Fuel Mixture ◽  
Flame Stability ◽  
Emission Power ◽  
Adiabatic Flame Temperature ◽  
Combustion Technology ◽  
Zero Emission

Abstract The stable and flexible micromixer (MM) gas-turbine technology is coupled with hydrogen (H2) enrichment to present an oxy-methane combustor that can sustain highly diluted flames for application in the Allam cycle for zero-emission power production. MMs have never been tested under oxy-fuel conditions, which highlights the novelty of the present study. The operability window was quantified over ranges of fuel hydrogen fraction (HF) and oxidizer oxygen fraction OF. The MM showed superior stability, allowing for reducing OF down to 21% (by vol.) without H2 enrichment, which satisfies the dilution requirements (23%) of the primary reaction zone within the Allam-cycle combustor. By comparison, swirl-based burners from past studies exhibited a ∼30% minimum threshold. Enriching the fuel with H2 boosted flame stability and allowed for reducing OF further down to a record-low value of 13% at HF = 65% (by vol.) in fuel mixture. Under these highly diluted conditions, the adiabatic flame temperature is 990°C (1800°F), which is substantially lower than the lean blowout limit of most known technologies of lean premixed air-fuel combustion in gas-turbine applications. The results also showed that H2 enrichment has minimal effect on the adiabatic flame temperature and combustor power density (MW/m3/atm), which facilitates great operational flexibility in adjusting HF to sustain flame stability without influencing the Allam cycle peak temperature or affecting the turbine health. MM combustion with H2 enrichment is thus a recommended technology for controlled-emission, fuel/oxidizer-flexible combustion in gas turbines.

Sequential Combustion in Ansaldo Energia Gas Turbines: The Technology Enabler for CO2-Free, Highly Efficient Power Production Based on Hydrogen

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrea Ciani ◽  
John P. Wood ◽  
Anders Wickström ◽  
Geir J. Rørtveit ◽  
Rosetta Steeneveldt ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Power Generation ◽  
Free Energy ◽  
Gas Turbines ◽  
Carbon Capture ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Carbon Capture And Storage ◽  
Combined Cycle ◽  
Fuel Flexibility ◽  
Combustion Technology ◽  
And Storage

Abstract Today gas turbines and combined cycle power plants play an important role in power generation and in the light of increasing energy demand, their role is expected to grow alongside renewables. In addition, the volatility of renewables in generating and dispatching power entails a new focus on electricity security. This reinforces the importance of gas turbines in guaranteeing grid reliability by compensating for the intermittency of renewables. In order to achieve the Paris Agreement’s goals, power generation must be decarbonized. This is where hydrogen produced from renewables or with CCS (Carbon Capture and Storage) comes into play, allowing totally CO2-free combustion. Hydrogen features the unique capability to store energy for medium to long storage cycles and hence could be used to alleviate seasonal variations of renewable power generation. The importance of hydrogen for future power generation is expected to increase due to several factors: the push for CO2-free energy production is calling for various options, all resulting in the necessity of a broader fuel flexibility, in particular accommodating hydrogen as a future fuel feeding gas turbines and combined cycle power plants. Hydrogen from methane reforming is pursued, with particular interest within energy scenarios linked with carbon capture and storage, while the increased share of renewables requires the storage of energy for which hydrogen is the best candidate. Compared to natural gas the main challenge of hydrogen combustion is its increased reactivity resulting in a decrease of engine performance for conventional premix combustion systems. The sequential combustion technology used within Ansaldo Energia’s GT36 and GT26 gas turbines provides for extra freedom in optimizing the operation concept. This sequential combustion technology enables low emission combustion at high temperatures with particularly high fuel flexibility thanks to the complementarity between its first stage, stabilized by flame propagation and its second (sequential) stage, stabilized by auto-ignition. With this concept, gas turbines are envisaged to be able to provide reliable, dispatchable, CO2-free electric power. In this paper, an overview of hydrogen production (grey, blue, and green hydrogen), transport and storage are presented targeting a CO2-free energy system based on gas turbines. A detailed description of the test infrastructure, handling of highly reactive fuels is given with specific aspects of the large amounts of hydrogen used for the full engine pressure tests. Based on the results discussed at last year’s Turbo Expo (Bothien et al. GT2019-90798), further high pressure test results are reported, demonstrating how sequential combustion with novel operational concepts is able to achieve the lowest emissions, highest fuel and operational flexibility, for very high combustor exit temperatures (H-class) with unprecedented hydrogen contents.

scholarly journals Critical Material Applications and Intensities in Clean Energy Technologies

2019 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 164-184 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexandra Leader ◽  
Gabrielle Gaustad
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Gas Turbines ◽  
Energy Production ◽  
Greenhouse Gas Emission ◽  
Clean Energy ◽  
Proton Exchange ◽  
Critical Material ◽  
Energy Technologies ◽  
Production Technologies ◽  
Critical Materials

Clean energy technologies have been developed to address the pressing global issue of climate change; however, the functionality of many of these technologies relies on materials that are considered critical. Critical materials are those that have potential vulnerability to supply disruption. In this paper, critical material intensity data from academic articles, government reports, and industry publications are aggregated and presented in a variety of functional units, which vary based on the application of each technology. The clean energy production technologies of gas turbines, direct drive wind turbines, and three types of solar photovoltaics (silicon, CdTe, and CIGS); the low emission mobility technologies of proton exchange membrane fuel cells, permanent-magnet-containing motors, and both nickel metal hydride and Li-ion batteries; and, the energy-efficient lighting devices (CFL, LFL, and LED bulbs) are analyzed. To further explore the role of critical materials in addressing climate change, emissions savings units are also provided to illustrate the potential for greenhouse gas emission reductions per mass of critical material in each of the clean energy production technologies. Results show the comparisons of material use in clean energy technologies under various performance, economic, and environmental based units.

Trends in Combined Steam-Gas Turbine Power Plants in the U. S. A.

1966 ◽  
Vol 88 (4) ◽  
pp. 302-309
Author(s):  
R. W. Foster-Pegg
Keyword(s):  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Gas Turbines ◽  
Energy Production ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Turbine Performance ◽  
Utility Companies ◽  
Industrial Complexes ◽  
Combined Cycles ◽  
Gas Fuel ◽  
Gas Turbine Cycle

The combined steam-gas turbine cycle offers reductions in fuel consumption and energy production cost compared to all steam, particularly for the smaller-size plants used in industrial complexes. Currently, combined cycles are restricted to natural gas fuel, which limits their use particularly by utility companies. Their potential is predicted in the event an economic means of operating gas turbines on coal can be found. Extrapolation of the historic trend of gas turbine performance and cost suggests that combined cycles will be able to demonstrate substantial economies for larger power plants in the future.

scholarly journals Recent Advances in Ammonia Combustion Technology in Thermal Power Generation System for Carbon Emission Reduction

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (18) ◽  
pp. 5604
Author(s):  
Hookyung Lee ◽  
Minjung Lee
Keyword(s):  
Power Generation ◽  
Gas Turbines ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Thermal Power ◽  
Hydrogen Energy ◽  
Application Range ◽  
Combustion Technology ◽  
Power Generation System ◽  
Power Generation Systems

With the formation of an international carbon-neutral framework, interest in reducing greenhouse gas emissions is increasing. Ammonia is a carbon-free fuel that can be directly combusted with the role of an effective hydrogen energy carrier, and its application range is expanding. In particular, as research results applied to power generation systems such as gas turbines and coal-fired power plants have been reported, the technology to use them is gradually being advanced. In the present study, starting with a fundamental combustion research case conducted to use ammonia as a fuel, the application research case for gas turbines and coal-fired power plants was analyzed. Finally, we report the results of the ammonia-air burning flame and pulverized coal-ammonia-air co-fired research conducted at the authors’ research institute.

scholarly journals Experimental Study on NOx Reduction in Oxy-fuel Combustion Using Synthetic Coals with Pyridinic or Pyrrolic Nitrogen

2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (12) ◽  
pp. 2499 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chang’an Wang ◽  
Pengqian Wang ◽  
Lin Zhao ◽  
Yongbo Du ◽  
Defu Che
Keyword(s):  
Oxygen Content ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Nox Reduction ◽  
Fuel Combustion ◽  
Combustion Technology ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Co2 ◽  
No2 Formation ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Pyridinic Nitrogen

Oxy-fuel combustion technology can capture carbon dioxide (CO2) in the large-scale and greatly lower nitrogen oxides (NOx) emission in coal-fired power plants. However, the influence of inherent minerals on NOx reduction still remains unclear and the impact of oxy-fuel combustion on the transformation of different nitrogen functional groups has yet to be fully understood. The present work aims to obtain a further understanding of the NOx reduction during oxy-fuel combustion using synthetic coals with pyrrolic or pyridinic nitrogen. Compared to pyridinic nitrogen, more of the pyrrolic nitrogen in synthetic coal was converted to NOx. The conversion ratio of nitric oxide (NO) first increased significantly with the rising oxygen content and then trended to an asymptotically constant as the oxygen (O2) content varied between 10–50%. The nitrogen dioxide (NO2) formation was roughly proportional to the oxygen content. The NO2 conversion was increased with particle size but the case of NO showed a non-monotonic variation. The catalytic effects of sodium carbonate (Na2CO3), calcium carbonate (CaCO3), and ferric oxide (Fe2O3) on the transformation of pyridinic nitrogen to NO were independent of the combustion atmosphere, while the alteration from air to the oxy-fuel combustion led to a change of mineral catalytic effect on the oxidation of pyrrolic nitrogen within the coal matrix.

scholarly journals The Role of Earth Observation Satellites in Maximizing Renewable Energy Production: Case Studies Analysis for Renewable Power Plants

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (5) ◽  
pp. 2062 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mariarosa Argentiero ◽  
Pasquale Marcello Falcone
Keyword(s):  
Renewable Energy ◽  
Case Studies ◽  
Energy Production ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Clean Energy ◽  
Energy Generation ◽  
Earth Observation ◽  
Climate Conditions ◽  
Renewable Energy Production

This paper is based on a novel approach towards clean energy production, i.e., space innovative applications toward sustainable development. Specifically, the role of Earth observation (EO) satellites in maximizing renewable energy production is considered to show the enormous potential in exploiting sustainable energy generation plants when the Earth is mapped by satellites to provide some peculiar parameters (e.g., solar irradiance, wind speed, precipitation, climate conditions, geothermal data). In this framework, RETScreen clean energy management software can be used for numerical analysis, such as energy generation and efficiency, prices, emission reductions, financial viability and hazard of various types of renewable-energy and energy-efficient technologies (RETs), based on a large database of satellite parameters. This simplifies initial assessments and provides streamlined processes that enable funders, architects, designers, regulators, etc. to make decisions on future clean energy initiatives. After describing the logic of life cycle analysis of RETScreen, two case studies (Mexicali and Toronto) on multiple technologies power plant are analyzed. The different results obtained, when projecting the two scenarios, showed how the software could be useful in the pre-feasibility phase to discriminate the type of installation not efficient for the selected location or not convenient in terms of internal rate of return (IRR) on equity.

CO2 and H2O diluted oxy-fuel combustion for zero-emission power

2005 ◽  
Vol 219 (2) ◽  
pp. 121-126 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. A. Richards ◽  
K. H. Casleton ◽  
B. T. Chorpening
Keyword(s):  
Gas Turbines ◽  
Combustion Products ◽  
Fuel Combustion ◽  
Emission Power ◽  
Power Cycles ◽  
Exhaust Stream ◽  
Zero Emission ◽  
Primary Combustion Products ◽  
Power Generation Systems ◽  
Oxygen Fuel

Concerns about climate change have encouraged significant interest in concepts for zero-emission power generation systems. These systems are intended to produce power without releasing CO2 into the atmosphere. One method to achieve this goal is to produce hydrogen from the gasification of fossil or biomass fuels. Using various membrane and reforming technologies, the carbon in the parent fuel can be shifted to CO2 and removed from the fuel stream, followed by direct CO2 sequestration. The hydrogen fuel can be used directly in gas turbines fitted with low-NO x combustors. A second approach to producing zero-emission power is to replace the nitrogen diluent that accompanies conventional combustion in air with either CO2 or H2O. In this concept, CO2 or H2O is added to oxygen to control combustion temperatures in oxygen-fuel reactions. In the absence of nitrogen, the primary combustion products for any hydrocarbon under lean conditions are then simply CO2 and H2O. Thus, merely cooling the exhaust stream condenses the water and produces an exhaust of pure CO2, ready for sequestration. The dilute oxy-fuel combustion strategy can be incorporated in power cycles that are similar to Brayton or Rankine configurations, using CO2 or H2O as the primary diluent respectively. While the relative merits of the various strategies to zero-emission power are the subject of various technical and economic studies, very little work has focused on defining the combustion issues associated with the dilute oxy-fuel option. In this paper, the expected combustion performance of CO2 and H2O diluted systems are compared. Experimental results from a high-pressure oxy-fuel combustor are also presented.

Pressurised Oxy-Coal Combustion Rankine-Cycle for Future Zero Emission Power Plants: Technological Issues

2009 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marco Gazzino ◽  
Giovanni Riccio ◽  
Nicola Rossi ◽  
Giancarlo Benelli
Keyword(s):  
Coal Combustion ◽  
Carbon Capture ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Process Integration ◽  
Scale Up ◽  
Combustion Process ◽  
Rankine Cycle ◽  
Intermediate Step ◽  
Combustion Technology ◽  
Zero Emission

Among possible options to capture carbon dioxide, pressurised oxy-fuel combustion is a promising one. Accordingly, Enel teamed with Itea and Enea to develop a pressurised oxy-combustion technology. Currently, extensive tests have been carried out at 4 bar on a 5 MWt facility based in Gioia del Colle (Southern Italy). By starting from the know-how gained on that scale, Enel planned to build by 2010 an experimental 48 MWt demo-plant, based on the same pressurised combustion process introduced above. This will be the necessary intermediate step for the further scale-up towards a zero emission plant of industrial scale. This paper is the prosecution of a previous publication presenting the process design and energy analysis of a power cycle integrating the developed pressurised oxy-coal combustion technology with a Rankine cycle including carbon capture. After having briefly presented the pressurised oxycombustion project carried out at Enel, the paper focuses on technology issues related to the proposed cycle and the related process integration, with respect to main components.

Micromixers and Hydrogen Enrichment: The Future Combustion Technology in Zero-Emission Power Plants

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Muzafar Hussain ◽  
Mohammed Abdulaziz Mustafa Habib ◽  
Ahmed Abdelhafez Hasanein Abdelhafez ◽  
Medhat Ahmed Nemitallah
Keyword(s):  
Power Plants ◽  
Emission Power ◽  
The Future ◽  
Combustion Technology ◽  
Zero Emission ◽  
Hydrogen Enrichment
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