scholarly journals Experimental Study on NOx Reduction in Oxy-fuel Combustion Using Synthetic Coals with Pyridinic or Pyrrolic Nitrogen

2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (12) ◽  
pp. 2499 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chang’an Wang ◽  
Pengqian Wang ◽  
Lin Zhao ◽  
Yongbo Du ◽  
Defu Che
Keyword(s):  
Oxygen Content ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Nox Reduction ◽  
Fuel Combustion ◽  
Combustion Technology ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Co2 ◽  
No2 Formation ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Pyridinic Nitrogen

Oxy-fuel combustion technology can capture carbon dioxide (CO2) in the large-scale and greatly lower nitrogen oxides (NOx) emission in coal-fired power plants. However, the influence of inherent minerals on NOx reduction still remains unclear and the impact of oxy-fuel combustion on the transformation of different nitrogen functional groups has yet to be fully understood. The present work aims to obtain a further understanding of the NOx reduction during oxy-fuel combustion using synthetic coals with pyrrolic or pyridinic nitrogen. Compared to pyridinic nitrogen, more of the pyrrolic nitrogen in synthetic coal was converted to NOx. The conversion ratio of nitric oxide (NO) first increased significantly with the rising oxygen content and then trended to an asymptotically constant as the oxygen (O2) content varied between 10–50%. The nitrogen dioxide (NO2) formation was roughly proportional to the oxygen content. The NO2 conversion was increased with particle size but the case of NO showed a non-monotonic variation. The catalytic effects of sodium carbonate (Na2CO3), calcium carbonate (CaCO3), and ferric oxide (Fe2O3) on the transformation of pyridinic nitrogen to NO were independent of the combustion atmosphere, while the alteration from air to the oxy-fuel combustion led to a change of mineral catalytic effect on the oxidation of pyrrolic nitrogen within the coal matrix.

scholarly journals A study on CO2 absorption using hybrid solvents in packed columns

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ravinder Kumar ◽  
Mohammad Hossein Ahmadi ◽  
Dipen Kumar Rajak ◽  
Mohammad Alhuyi Nazari
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Co2 Capture ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Capture ◽  
Packed Column ◽  
Absorption Efficiency ◽  
Co2 Absorption ◽  
Process Industries ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Co2

Abstract Greenhouse gases emissions from large scale industries as well as gasoline based vehicles are mainly responsible for global warming since the 1980s. At present, it has triggered global efforts to reduce the level of GHG. The contribution of carbon dioxide (CO2) in polluting the environment is at a peak due to the excessive use of coal in power plants. So, serious attention is required to reduce the level of CO2 using advanced technologies. Carbon dioxide capture and storage may play an important role in this direction. In process industries, various carbon dioxide capture techniques can be used to reduce CO2 emissions. However, post-combustion carbon dioxide capture is on top priority. Nowadays the researcher is focusing their work on CO2 capture using hybrid solvent. This work highlights a review of carbon dioxide capture using various kind of hybrid solvent in a packed column. The various challenges for absorption efficiency enhancement and future direction are also discussed in the present work. It is concluded through the literature survey that hybrid solvent shows better efficiency in comparison to the aqueous solution used for CO2 capture.

Comparison and Analysis for the Differential Heating Modes in the Large-Scale CHP System

2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhen Xian Lin ◽  
Lin Fu
Keyword(s):  
Power Plants ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Thermal Power ◽  
Heat Pumps ◽  
Back Pressure ◽  
Energy Utilization ◽  
Utilization Efficiency ◽  
Heating Unit ◽  
Heating Efficiency ◽  
The Impact

With the process acceleration of China’s energy conservation and the full development of the market economy, the environmental protection is to coexist with the power plants’ benefits for thermal power plants. Relative to the traditional mode named “determining power by heat”, it is not adequate that the heating demand is only to be met, the maximizations of economy benefits and social benefits are also demanded. At present, several large-scale central heating modes are proposed by domestic and foreign scholars, such as the parallel arrangement and series arrangement of heating system for the traditional heating units and NCB heating units (NCB heating unit is a new condensing-extraction-backpressure steam turbine and used to generate the power and heat, it has the function of extraction heating turbine at constant power, back pressure turbine or extraction and back pressure heating turbine and extraction condensing heating turbine.), and running mode with heating units and absorbed heat pumps, and so on. Compare and analyze their heating efficiency, heating load, heating area, power generation, and the impact on the environment. The best heating mode can be found under the different boundary conditions, it can be used to instruct the further work. The energy utilization efficiency will be further improved.

Grid-Connected Nuclear Power Plant Key Issues Summary

2014 ◽  
Vol 521 ◽  
pp. 530-535
Author(s):  
Meng Wang ◽  
Jian Ding ◽  
Tian Tang ◽  
Zhang Sui Lin ◽  
Zhen Da Hu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Power Plant ◽  
Nuclear Power Plant ◽  
Nuclear Power ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Power Modeling ◽  
Modeling Simulation ◽  
Load Following ◽  
Key Issues ◽  
The Impact

The current situation of nuclear power plants at home and abroad is described, and the impact of large-scale nuclear power accessing to the grid is analyzed, specifically in the aspects of nuclear power modeling, simulation, load following, reliability, fault diagnosis, etc. Nuclear power accessing to the grid will bring a series of problems, the causes of each problem, the main solutions and future development directions are summarized.

Lessons Learned From the Operation of Large-Scale Reprocessing-Recycling Facilities in France: What Is in It for China?

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jean-Pierre Gros
Keyword(s):  
Nuclear Power ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Central Government ◽  
Fuel Cycle ◽  
Public Information ◽  
Lessons Learned ◽  
Mitigation Measures ◽  
Spent Fuel ◽  
The Impact

AREVA has been running since decades nuclear reprocessing and recycling installations in France. Several industrial facilities have been built and used to this aim across the time. Following those decades and with the more and more precise monitoring of the impact of those installations, precise data and lessons-learned have been collected that can be used for the stakeholders of potential new facilities. China has expressed strong interest in building such facilities. As a matter of fact, the issue of accumulation of spent fuel is becoming serious in China and jeopardizes the operation of several nuclear power plants, through the running out of space of storage pools. Tomorrow, with the extremely high pace of nuclear development of China, accumulation of spent fuel will be unbearable. Building reprocessing and recycling installations takes time. A decision has to be taken so as to enable the responsible development of nuclear in China. Without a solution for the back end of its nuclear fuel cycle, the development of nuclear energy will face a wall. This is what the Chinese central government, through the action of its industrial CNNC, has well understood. Several years of negotiations have been held with AREVA. Everybody in the sector seems now convinced. However, now that the negotiation is coming to an end, an effort should be done towards all the stakeholders, sharing actual information from France’s reference facilities on: safety, security, mitigation measures for health protection (of the workers, of the public), mitigation measures for the protection of the environment. Most of this information is public, as France has since years promulgated a law on Nuclear transparency. China is also in need for more transparency, yet lacks means to access this public information, often in French language, so let’s open our books!

scholarly journals Reducing the Cost of Energy From Parabolic Trough Solar Power Plants

Solar Energy ◽  
2003 ◽  
Author(s):  
Henry Price ◽  
David Kearney
Keyword(s):  
Mojave Desert ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Solar Power ◽  
Parabolic Trough ◽  
Cost Of Energy ◽  
Solar Power Plants ◽  
The Cost ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Fossil Fuel Power Plants

Parabolic trough solar technology is the most proven and lowest cost large-scale solar power technology available today, primarily because of the nine large commercial-scale solar power plants that are operating in the California Mojave Desert. However, no new plants have been built during the past ten years because the cost of power from these plants is more expensive than power from conventional fossil fuel power plants. This paper reviews the current cost of energy and the potential for reducing the cost of energy from parabolic trough solar power plant technology based on the latest technological advancements and projected improvements from industry and sponsored R&D. The paper also looks at the impact of project financing and incentives on the cost of energy.

scholarly journals Springtime nitrogen oxides and tropospheric ozone in Svalbard: results from the measurement station network

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alena Dekhtyareva ◽  
Mark Hermanson ◽  
Anna Nikulina ◽  
Ove Hermansen ◽  
Tove Svendby ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nitrogen Oxides ◽  
Long Range ◽  
Wind Direction ◽  
Tropospheric Ozone ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Atmospheric Transport ◽  
Atmospheric Stability ◽  
Highly Correlated ◽  
The Impact

Abstract. Svalbard is a remote and scarcely populated Arctic archipelago, and is considered to be mostly influenced by the long-range transported air pollution. However, there are also local emission sources such as coal and diesel power plants, snowmobiles and ships, but their influence on the background concentrations of trace gases have not been thoroughly assessed. This study is based on tropospheric ozone (O3) and nitrogen oxides (NOx) data collected in three main Svalbard settlements in spring 2017. In addition to these ground-based observations, radiosonde and O3 sondes soundings, ERA5 reanalysis and BrO satellite data have been applied in order to distinguish the impact of local and synoptic-scale conditions on the NOx and O3 chemistry. The measurement campaign was divided into several sub-periods based on the prevailing large-scale weather regimes.The local wind direction at the stations depended on the large-scale conditions, but was modified due to complex topography. The NOx concentration showed weak correlation for the different stations and depended strongly on the wind direction and atmospheric stability. On the contrary, the O3 concentration was highly correlated among the different measurement sites and was controlled by the long-range atmospheric transport to Svalbard. Lagrangian backward trajectories have been used to examine the origin and path of the air masses during the campaign.

CCPP Operational Flexibility Extension Below 30% Load Using Reheat Burner Switch-Off Concept

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dirk Therkorn ◽  
Martin Gassner ◽  
Vincent Lonneux ◽  
Mengbin Zhang ◽  
Stefano Bernero
Keyword(s):  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Fast Response ◽  
Combined Cycle ◽  
Pollutant Emissions ◽  
Inlet Temperature ◽  
Operational Flexibility ◽  
Part Load ◽  
Combustion Technology ◽  
The Impact

Highly competitive and volatile energy markets are currently observed, as resulting from the increased use of intermittent renewable sources. Gas turbine combined cycle power plants (CCPP) owners therefore require reliable, flexible capacity with fast response time to the grid, while being compliant with environmental limitations. In response to these requirements, a new operation concept was developed to extend the operational flexibility by reducing the achievable Minimum Environmental Load (MEL), usually limited by increasing pollutant emissions. The developed concept exploits the unique feature of the GT24/26 sequential combustion architecture, where low part load operation is only limited by CO emissions produced by the reheat (SEV) burners. A significant reduction of CO below the legal limits in the Low Part Load (LPL) range is thereby achieved by individually switching the SEV burners with a new operation concept that allows to reduce load without needing to significantly reduce both local hot gas temperatures and CCPP efficiency. Comprehensive assessments of the impact on operation, emissions and lifetime were performed and accompanied by extensive testing with additional validation instrumentation. This has confirmed moderate temperature spreads in the downstream components, which is a benefit of sequential combustion technology due to the high inlet temperature into the SEV combustor. The following commercial implementation in the field has proven a reduction of MEL down to 26% plant load, corresponding to 18% gas turbine load. The extended operation range is emission compliant and provides frequency response capability at high plant efficiency. The experience accumulated over more than one year of successful commercial operation confirms the potential and reliability of the concept, which the customers are exploiting by regularly operating in the LPL range.

scholarly journals Optimal Power Flow Calculation Considering Large-Scale Photovoltaic Generation Correlation

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
He Li ◽  
Huijun Li ◽  
Weihua Lu ◽  
Zhenhao Wang ◽  
Jing Bian
Keyword(s):  
Power Flow ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Optimal Power Flow ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Short Term Memory ◽  
Photovoltaic System ◽  
Power Flow Calculation ◽  
Flow Calculation ◽  
Optimal Power ◽  
The Impact

In order to analyze the impact of large-scale photovoltaic system on the power system, a photovoltaic output prediction method considering the correlation is proposed and the optimal power flow is calculated. Firstly, establish a photovoltaic output model to obtain the attenuation coefficient and fluctuation amount, and analyze the correlation among the multiple photovoltaic power plants through the k-means method. Secondly, the long short-term memory (LSTM) neural network is used as the photovoltaic output prediction model, and the clustered photovoltaic output data is brought into the LSTM model to generate large-scale photovoltaic prediction results with the consideration of the spatial correlation. And an optimal power flow model that takes grid loss and voltage offset as targets is established. Finally, MATLAB is used to verify that the proposed large-scale photovoltaic forecasting method has higher accuracy. The multi-objective optimal power flow calculation is performed based on the NSGA-II algorithm and the modified IEEE systems, and the optimal power flow with photovoltaic output at different times is compared and analyzed.

scholarly journals Opportunities and Challenges of Flexible Electricity-Based Fuel Production for the European Power System

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (23) ◽  
pp. 9844
Author(s):  
Maximilian Borning ◽  
Larissa Doré ◽  
Michael Wolff ◽  
Julian Walter ◽  
Tristan Becker ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Renewable Energy ◽  
Power System ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Emissions ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Renewable Energy Sources ◽  
Energy Sources ◽  
Fuel Production ◽  
Climate Neutrality ◽  
The Impact

To mitigate global warming, the European Union aims at climate neutrality by 2050. In order to reach this, the transportation sector has to contribute especially, which accounts for about a quarter of the European greenhouse gas emissions. Herein, electricity-based fuels are a promising approach for reducing emissions. However, a large-scale deployment of electricity-based fuels has a significant impact on the power system due to high electricity demand and the requirement to use renewable energy sources in order to be sustainable. At the same time, this fuel production could offer additional flexibility for the power system. This article investigates the opportunities and challenges of electricity-based fuels and flexible electricity-based fuel production for the European power system. In a literature analysis, the pivotal role of electricity-based fuels for climate neutrality is confirmed. To analyze the impact of flexible fuel production, European power market simulations for the year 2035 are conducted. Results indicate that flexibilization leads to an increased integration of electricity based on renewable energy sources as well as reductions in both carbon dioxide emissions and total operational costs of the power system. However, very high flexibility levels also benefit high-emission power plants and may even lead to increased emissions.

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